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Richard Buxton

Title(s)Recall Hcomp, Radiology
SchoolHealth Sciences
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    Harvard/MGHPostdoc1983Radiology
    Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPh.D.1981Physics
    Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyB.S.1976Physics
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine2010Elected a Fellow
    Gordon Research Conference on In Vivo Magnetic Resonance2006Chair
    Oxford University 2005Litchfield Lecturer

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Dr. Buxton is a physicist working in the field of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). His primary work focuses on understanding the connections between neural activity, blood flow and energy metabolism in the human brain. Experimental work combines arterial spin labeling (ASL) methods with blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) methods to estimate changes in brain oxygen metabolism in response to a stimulus or a drug. More theoretical work involves mathematical modeling of the imaging methods, the BOLD effect, and oxygen transport from blood to tissue. In addition to his research on the brain, he collaborates with pulmonary researchers in the Pulmonary Imaging Lab, working on the application of ASL methods to measure dynamic blood flow changes in the lung. Dr. Buxton is based at the Center for Functional MRI, and served as the Center’s founding Director (2000-2007). He has written a textbook on fMRI, now in its second edition, published by Cambridge University Press (2009).

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Defining Neurovascular Coupling Variability Using Quantitative Functional MRI
    NIH/NIMH R21MH112969Jul 24, 2018 - May 31, 2020
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Dynamics of oxygen metabolism in the human brain
    NIH/NINDS R21NS085478Jun 1, 2014 - May 31, 2016
    Role: Principal Investigator
    A New Approach for Quantitative fMRI
    NIH/NINDS R21NS081405Sep 1, 2012 - Aug 31, 2014
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Blood Flow in the Normal Human Lung
    NIH/NHLBI R01HL104118Apr 1, 2011 - Mar 31, 2015
    Role: Principal Investigator
    The Hemodynamic Response to Brain Activation
    NIH/NINDS R01NS042069Sep 30, 2002 - Aug 31, 2007
    Role: Principal Investigator
    The Physiological Basis of Functional MRI
    NIH/NINDS R01NS036722Feb 20, 1998 - Apr 30, 2018
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
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    1. Asadi AK, Sá RC, Arai TJ, Theilmann RJ, Hopkins SR, Buxton RB, Prisk GK. Regional pulmonary perfusion patterns in humans are not significantly altered by inspiratory hypercapnia. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 Jun 06. PMID: 31169470.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Cheng X, Berman AJL, Polimeni JR, Buxton RB, Gagnon L, Devor A, Sakadžic S, Boas DA. Dependence of the MR signal on the magnetic susceptibility of blood studied with models based on real microvascular networks. Magn Reson Med. 2019 Jun; 81(6):3865-3874. PMID: 30659643.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Desjardins M, Kiliç K, Thunemann M, Mateo C, Holland D, Ferri CGL, Cremonesi JA, Li B, Cheng Q, Weldy KL, Saisan PA, Kleinfeld D, Komiyama T, Liu TT, Bussell R, Wong EC, Scadeng M, Dunn AK, Boas DA, Sakadžic S, Mandeville JB, Buxton RB, Dale AM, Devor A. Awake Mouse Imaging: From Two-Photon Microscopy to Blood Oxygen-Level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2018 Dec 12. PMID: 30691968.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Liu EY, Haist F, Dubowitz DJ, Buxton RB. Cerebral blood volume changes during the BOLD post-stimulus undershoot measured with a combined normoxia/hyperoxia method. Neuroimage. 2019 01 15; 185:154-163. PMID: 30315908.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Sakadžic S, Yaseen MA, Jaswal R, Roussakis E, Dale AM, Buxton RB, Vinogradov SA, Boas DA, Devor A. Two-photon microscopy measurement of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen using periarteriolar oxygen concentration gradients. Neurophotonics. 2016 Oct; 3(4):045005. PMID: 27774493.
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    6. Gagnon L, Sakadžic S, Lesage F, Pouliot P, Dale AM, Devor A, Buxton RB, Boas DA. Validation and optimization of hypercapnic-calibrated fMRI from oxygen-sensitive two-photon microscopy. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016 10 05; 371(1705). PMID: 27574311.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Uhlirova H, Kiliç K, Tian P, Sakadžic S, Gagnon L, Thunemann M, Desjardins M, Saisan PA, Nizar K, Yaseen MA, Hagler DJ, Vandenberghe M, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Silva GA, Masliah E, Kleinfeld D, Vinogradov S, Buxton RB, Einevoll GT, Boas DA, Dale AM, Devor A. The roadmap for estimation of cell-type-specific neuronal activity from non-invasive measurements. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016 10 05; 371(1705). PMID: 27574309.
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    8. Uhlirova H, Kiliç K, Tian P, Thunemann M, Desjardins M, Saisan PA, Sakadžic S, Ness TV, Mateo C, Cheng Q, Weldy KL, Razoux F, Vandenberghe M, Cremonesi JA, Ferri CG, Nizar K, Sridhar VB, Steed TC, Abashin M, Fainman Y, Masliah E, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Silva GA, Boas DA, Kleinfeld D, Buxton RB, Einevoll GT, Dale AM, Devor A. Cell type specificity of neurovascular coupling in cerebral cortex. Elife. 2016 05 31; 5. PMID: 27244241.
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    9. Merola A, Murphy K, Stone AJ, Germuska MA, Griffeth VEM, Blockley NP, Buxton RB, Wise RG. Measurement of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF): An optimized BOLD signal model for use with hypercapnic and hyperoxic calibration. Neuroimage. 2016 Apr 01; 129:159-174. PMID: 26801605.
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    10. Simon AB, Dubowitz DJ, Blockley NP, Buxton RB. A novel Bayesian approach to accounting for uncertainty in fMRI-derived estimates of cerebral oxygen metabolism fluctuations. Neuroimage. 2016 Apr 01; 129:198-213. PMID: 26790354.
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    11. Buxton RB. Beyond BOLD correlations: A more quantitative approach for investigating brain networks. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2016 Mar; 36(3):461-2. PMID: 26661228.
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    12. Wang K, Smith ZM, Buxton RB, Swenson ER, Dubowitz DJ. Acetazolamide during acute hypoxia improves tissue oxygenation in the human brain. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2015 Dec 15; 119(12):1494-500. PMID: 26472861.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Guo J, Buxton RB, Wong EC. Wedge-shaped slice-selective adiabatic inversion pulse for controlling temporal width of bolus in pulsed arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med. 2016 09; 76(3):838-47. PMID: 26451521.
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    14. Walker SC, Asadi AK, Hopkins SR, Buxton RB, Prisk GK. A statistical clustering approach to discriminating perfusion from conduit vessel signal contributions in a pulmonary ASL MR image. NMR Biomed. 2015 Sep; 28(9):1117-24. PMID: 26182890.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Bischoff-Grethe A, Buxton RB, Paulus MP, Fleisher AS, Yang TT, Brown GG. Striatal and Pallidal Activation during Reward Modulated Movement Using a Translational Paradigm. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2015 Jul; 21(6):399-411. PMID: 26156687.
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    16. Simon AB, Buxton RB. Understanding the dynamic relationship between cerebral blood flow and the BOLD signal: Implications for quantitative functional MRI. Neuroimage. 2015 Aug 01; 116:158-67. PMID: 25862267.
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    17. Gagnon L, Sakadžic S, Lesage F, Musacchia JJ, Lefebvre J, Fang Q, Yücel MA, Evans KC, Mandeville ET, Cohen-Adad J, Polimeni JR, Yaseen MA, Lo EH, Greve DN, Buxton RB, Dale AM, Devor A, Boas DA. Quantifying the microvascular origin of BOLD-fMRI from first principles with two-photon microscopy and an oxygen-sensitive nanoprobe. J Neurosci. 2015 Feb 25; 35(8):3663-75. PMID: 25716864.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Asadi AK, Sá RC, Kim NH, Theilmann RJ, Hopkins SR, Buxton RB, Prisk GK. Inhaled nitric oxide alters the distribution of blood flow in the healthy human lung, suggesting active hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in normoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2015 Feb 01; 118(3):331-43. PMID: 25429099.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Blockley NP, Griffeth VE, Simon AB, Dubowitz DJ, Buxton RB. Calibrating the BOLD response without administering gases: comparison of hypercapnia calibration with calibration using an asymmetric spin echo. Neuroimage. 2015 Jan 01; 104:423-9. PMID: 25451475.
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    20. Griffeth VE, Simon AB, Buxton RB. The coupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism with brain activation is similar for simple and complex stimuli in human primary visual cortex. Neuroimage. 2015 Jan 01; 104:156-62. PMID: 25312771.
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    21. Bracko O, Di Pietro V, Lazzarino G, Amorini AM, Tavazzi B, Artmann J, Wong EC, Buxton RB, Weller M, Luft AR, Wegener S. 3-Nitropropionic acid-induced ischemia tolerance in the rat brain is mediated by reduced metabolic activity and cerebral blood flow. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014 Sep; 34(9):1522-30. PMID: 24938399.
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    22. Buxton RB, Griffeth VE, Simon AB, Moradi F, Shmuel A. Variability of the coupling of blood flow and oxygen metabolism responses in the brain: a problem for interpreting BOLD studies but potentially a new window on the underlying neural activity. Front Neurosci. 2014; 8:139. PMID: 24966808.
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    23. Devor A, Bandettini PA, Boas DA, Bower JM, Buxton RB, Cohen LB, Dale AM, Einevoll GT, Fox PT, Franceschini MA, Friston KJ, Fujimoto JG, Geyer MA, Greenberg JH, Halgren E, Hämäläinen MS, Helmchen F, Hyman BT, Jasanoff A, Jernigan TL, Judd LL, Kim SG, Kleinfeld D, Kopell NJ, Kutas M, Kwong KK, Larkum ME, Lo EH, Magistretti PJ, Mandeville JB, Masliah E, Mitra PP, Mobley WC, Moskowitz MA, Nimmerjahn A, Reynolds JH, Rosen BR, Salzberg BM, Schaffer CB, Silva GA, So PT, Spitzer NC, Tootell RB, Van Essen DC, Vanduffel W, Vinogradov SA, Wald LL, Wang LV, Weber B, Yodh AG. The challenge of connecting the dots in the B.R.A.I.N. Neuron. 2013 Oct 16; 80(2):270-4. PMID: 24139032.
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    24. Buxton RB. The physics of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Rep Prog Phys. 2013 Sep; 76(9):096601. PMID: 24006360.
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    25. Griffeth VE, Blockley NP, Simon AB, Buxton RB. A New Functional MRI Approach for Investigating Modulations of Brain Oxygen Metabolism. PLoS One. 2013; 8(6):e68122. PMID: 23826367.
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    26. Wegener S, Artmann J, Luft AR, Buxton RB, Weller M, Wong EC. The time of maximum post-ischemic hyperperfusion indicates infarct growth following transient experimental ischemia. PLoS One. 2013; 8(5):e65322. PMID: 23741488.
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    27. Moradi F, Buxton RB. Adaptation of cerebral oxygen metabolism and blood flow and modulation of neurovascular coupling with prolonged stimulation in human visual cortex. Neuroimage. 2013 Nov 15; 82:182-9. PMID: 23732885.
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    28. Henderson AC, Sá RC, Theilmann RJ, Buxton RB, Prisk GK, Hopkins SR. The gravitational distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratio is more uniform in prone than supine posture in the normal human lung. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013 Aug 01; 115(3):313-24. PMID: 23620488.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Simon AB, Griffeth VE, Wong EC, Buxton RB. A novel method of combining blood oxygenation and blood flow sensitive magnetic resonance imaging techniques to measure the cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism responses to an unknown neural stimulus. PLoS One. 2013; 8(1):e54816. PMID: 23382977.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Blockley NP, Griffeth VE, Germuska MA, Bulte DP, Buxton RB. An analysis of the use of hyperoxia for measuring venous cerebral blood volume: comparison of the existing method with a new analysis approach. Neuroimage. 2013 May 15; 72:33-40. PMID: 23370053.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Leontiev O, Buracas GT, Liang C, Ances BM, Perthen JE, Shmuel A, Buxton RB. Coupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism is conserved for chromatic and luminance stimuli in human visual cortex. Neuroimage. 2013 Mar; 68:221-8. PMID: 23238435.
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    32. Asadi AK, Cronin MV, Sá RC, Theilmann RJ, Holverda S, Hopkins SR, Buxton RB, Prisk GK. Spatial-temporal dynamics of pulmonary blood flow in the healthy human lung in response to altered FI(O2). J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013 Jan 01; 114(1):107-18. PMID: 23104691.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Liang CL, Ances BM, Perthen JE, Moradi F, Liau J, Buracas GT, Hopkins SR, Buxton RB. Luminance contrast of a visual stimulus modulates the BOLD response more than the cerebral blood flow response in the human brain. Neuroimage. 2013 Jan 01; 64:104-11. PMID: 22963855.
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    34. Blockley NP, Griffeth VE, Simon AB, Buxton RB. A review of calibrated blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) methods for the measurement of task-induced changes in brain oxygen metabolism. NMR Biomed. 2013 Aug; 26(8):987-1003. PMID: 22945365.
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    35. Robertson HT, Buxton RB. Imaging for lung physiology: what do we wish we could measure? J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012 Jul; 113(2):317-27. PMID: 22582217.
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    36. Buxton RB. Dynamic models of BOLD contrast. Neuroimage. 2012 Aug 15; 62(2):953-61. PMID: 22245339.
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    37. Blockley NP, Griffeth VE, Buxton RB. A general analysis of calibrated BOLD methodology for measuring CMRO2 responses: comparison of a new approach with existing methods. Neuroimage. 2012 Mar; 60(1):279-89. PMID: 22155329.
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    38. Devor A, Sakadzic S, Saisan PA, Yaseen MA, Roussakis E, Srinivasan VJ, Vinogradov SA, Rosen BR, Buxton RB, Dale AM, Boas DA. "Overshoot" of O2 is required to maintain baseline tissue oxygenation at locations distal to blood vessels. J Neurosci. 2011 Sep 21; 31(38):13676-81. PMID: 21940458.
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    39. Small SA, Schobel SA, Buxton RB, Witter MP, Barnes CA. A pathophysiological framework of hippocampal dysfunction in ageing and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011 Sep 07; 12(10):585-601. PMID: 21897434.
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    40. Buracas GT, Jung Y, Lee J, Buxton RB, Wong EC, Liu TT. On multiple alternating steady states induced by periodic spin phase perturbation waveforms. Magn Reson Med. 2012 May; 67(5):1412-8. PMID: 21826730.
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    41. Moradi F, Buracas GT, Buxton RB. Attention strongly increases oxygen metabolic response to stimulus in primary visual cortex. Neuroimage. 2012 Jan 02; 59(1):601-7. PMID: 21839179.
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    42. Griffeth VE, Buxton RB. A theoretical framework for estimating cerebral oxygen metabolism changes using the calibrated-BOLD method: modeling the effects of blood volume distribution, hematocrit, oxygen extraction fraction, and tissue signal properties on the BOLD signal. Neuroimage. 2011 Sep 01; 58(1):198-212. PMID: 21669292.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Arai TJ, Prisk GK, Holverda S, Sá RC, Theilmann RJ, Henderson AC, Cronin MV, Buxton RB, Hopkins SR. Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of pulmonary perfusion using calibrated arterial spin labeling. J Vis Exp. 2011 May 30; (51). PMID: 21673635.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Griffeth VE, Perthen JE, Buxton RB. Prospects for quantitative fMRI: investigating the effects of caffeine on baseline oxygen metabolism and the response to a visual stimulus in humans. Neuroimage. 2011 Aug 01; 57(3):809-16. PMID: 21586328.
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    45. Thesen T, Leontiev O, Song T, Dehghani N, Hagler DJ, Huang M, Buxton R, Halgren E. Depression of cortical activity in humans by mild hypercapnia. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012 Mar; 33(3):715-26. PMID: 21500313.
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    46. Ances BM, Vaida F, Cherner M, Yeh MJ, Liang CL, Gardner C, Grant I, Ellis RJ, Buxton RB. HIV and chronic methamphetamine dependence affect cerebral blood flow. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2011 Sep; 6(3):409-19. PMID: 21431471.
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    47. Ances B, Vaida F, Ellis R, Buxton R. Test-retest stability of calibrated BOLD-fMRI in HIV- and HIV+ subjects. Neuroimage. 2011 Feb 01; 54(3):2156-62. PMID: 20932922.
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    48. Sá RC, Cronin MV, Henderson AC, Holverda S, Theilmann RJ, Arai TJ, Dubowitz DJ, Hopkins SR, Buxton RB, Prisk GK. Vertical distribution of specific ventilation in normal supine humans measured by oxygen-enhanced proton MRI. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010 Dec; 109(6):1950-9. PMID: 20930129.
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    49. Hopkins SR, Arai TJ, Henderson AC, Levin DL, Buxton RB, Kim Prisk G. Lung volume does not alter the distribution of pulmonary perfusion in dependent lung in supine humans. J Physiol. 2010 Dec 01; 588(Pt 23):4759-68. PMID: 20921195.
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    50. Love T, Swinney D, Wong E, Buxton R. Perfusion imaging and stroke: A more sensitive measure of the brain bases of cognitive deficits. Aphasiology. 2002; 16(9):873-883. PMID: 30906100.
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    51. Tian P, Teng IC, May LD, Kurz R, Lu K, Scadeng M, Hillman EM, De Crespigny AJ, D'Arceuil HE, Mandeville JB, Marota JJ, Rosen BR, Liu TT, Boas DA, Buxton RB, Dale AM, Devor A. Cortical depth-specific microvascular dilation underlies laminar differences in blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI signal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Aug 24; 107(34):15246-51. PMID: 20696904.
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    52. Buxton RB. Interpreting oxygenation-based neuroimaging signals: the importance and the challenge of understanding brain oxygen metabolism. Front Neuroenergetics. 2010; 2:8. PMID: 20616882.
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    53. Ances BM, Vaida F, Yeh MJ, Liang CL, Buxton RB, Letendre S, McCutchan JA, Ellis RJ. HIV infection and aging independently affect brain function as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Infect Dis. 2010 Feb 01; 201(3):336-40. PMID: 20047503.
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    54. Henderson AC, Prisk GK, Levin DL, Hopkins SR, Buxton RB. Characterizing pulmonary blood flow distribution measured using arterial spin labeling. NMR Biomed. 2009 Dec; 22(10):1025-35. PMID: 19492332.
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    55. Theilmann RJ, Arai TJ, Samiee A, Dubowitz DJ, Hopkins SR, Buxton RB, Prisk GK. Quantitative MRI measurement of lung density must account for the change in T(2) (*) with lung inflation. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009 Sep; 30(3):527-34. PMID: 19630079.
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    56. Fleisher AS, Sherzai A, Taylor C, Langbaum JB, Chen K, Buxton RB. Resting-state BOLD networks versus task-associated functional MRI for distinguishing Alzheimer's disease risk groups. Neuroimage. 2009 Oct 01; 47(4):1678-90. PMID: 19539034.
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    57. Dubowitz DJ, Dyer EA, Theilmann RJ, Buxton RB, Hopkins SR. Early brain swelling in acute hypoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Jul; 107(1):244-52. PMID: 19423837.
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    58. Ances BM, Liang CL, Leontiev O, Perthen JE, Fleisher AS, Lansing AE, Buxton RB. Effects of aging on cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and blood oxygenation level dependent responses to visual stimulation. Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Apr; 30(4):1120-32. PMID: 18465743.
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    59. Fleisher AS, Podraza KM, Bangen KJ, Taylor C, Sherzai A, Sidhar K, Liu TT, Dale AM, Buxton RB. Cerebral perfusion and oxygenation differences in Alzheimer's disease risk. Neurobiol Aging. 2009 Nov; 30(11):1737-48. PMID: 18325636.
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    60. Buracas GT, Liu TT, Buxton RB, Frank LR, Wong EC. Imaging periodic currents using alternating balanced steady-state free precession. Magn Reson Med. 2008 Jan; 59(1):140-8. PMID: 18050317.
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    61. Ances BM, Leontiev O, Perthen JE, Liang C, Lansing AE, Buxton RB. Regional differences in the coupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism changes in response to activation: implications for BOLD-fMRI. Neuroimage. 2008 Feb 15; 39(4):1510-21. PMID: 18164629.
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    62. Perthen JE, Lansing AE, Liau J, Liu TT, Buxton RB. Caffeine-induced uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism: a calibrated BOLD fMRI study. Neuroimage. 2008 Mar 01; 40(1):237-47. PMID: 18191583.
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    63. Dyer EA, Hopkins SR, Perthen JE, Buxton RB, Dubowitz DJ. Regional cerebral blood flow during acute hypoxia in individuals susceptible to acute mountain sickness. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2008 Feb 29; 160(3):267-76. PMID: 18088570.
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    64. Wu WC, Buxton RB, Wong EC. Vascular space occupancy weighted imaging with control of residual blood signal and higher contrast-to-noise ratio. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2007 Oct; 26(10):1319-27. PMID: 17948723.
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    65. Prisk GK, Yamada K, Henderson AC, Arai TJ, Levin DL, Buxton RB, Hopkins SR. Pulmonary perfusion in the prone and supine postures in the normal human lung. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Sep; 103(3):883-94. PMID: 17569767.
      View in: PubMed
    66. Brown GG, Perthen JE, Liu TT, Buxton RB. A primer on functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropsychol Rev. 2007 Jun; 17(2):107-25. PMID: 17468956.
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    67. Hopkins SR, Henderson AC, Levin DL, Yamada K, Arai T, Buxton RB, Prisk GK. Vertical gradients in regional lung density and perfusion in the supine human lung: the Slinky effect. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Jul; 103(1):240-8. PMID: 17395757.
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    68. Leontiev O, Dubowitz DJ, Buxton RB. CBF/CMRO2 coupling measured with calibrated BOLD fMRI: sources of bias. Neuroimage. 2007 Jul 15; 36(4):1110-22. PMID: 17524665.
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    69. Levin DL, Buxton RB, Spiess JP, Arai T, Balouch J, Hopkins SR. Effects of age on pulmonary perfusion heterogeneity measured by magnetic resonance imaging. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 May; 102(5):2064-70. PMID: 17303711.
      View in: PubMed
    70. Leontiev O, Buxton RB. Reproducibility of BOLD, perfusion, and CMRO2 measurements with calibrated-BOLD fMRI. Neuroimage. 2007 Mar; 35(1):175-84. PMID: 17208013.
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    71. Jezzard P, Buxton RB. The clinical potential of functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006 Jun; 23(6):787-93. PMID: 16649209.
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    72. Henderson AC, Levin DL, Hopkins SR, Olfert IM, Buxton RB, Prisk GK. Steep head-down tilt has persisting effects on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Aug; 101(2):583-9. PMID: 16601308.
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    73. Buxton RB. Quantifying CBF with arterial spin labeling. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005 Dec; 22(6):723-6. PMID: 16261574.
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    74. Sirlin CB, Vera DR, Corbeil JA, Caballero MB, Buxton RB, Mattrey RF. Gadolinium-DTPA-dextran: a macromolecular MR blood pool contrast agent. Acad Radiol. 2004 Dec; 11(12):1361-9. PMID: 15596374.
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    75. Liu TT, Behzadi Y, Restom K, Uludag K, Lu K, Buracas GT, Dubowitz DJ, Buxton RB. Caffeine alters the temporal dynamics of the visual BOLD response. Neuroimage. 2004 Dec; 23(4):1402-13. PMID: 15589104.
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    76. Uludag K, Dubowitz DJ, Yoder EJ, Restom K, Liu TT, Buxton RB. Coupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption during physiological activation and deactivation measured with fMRI. Neuroimage. 2004 Sep; 23(1):148-55. PMID: 15325361.
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    77. Uludag K, Buxton RB. Measuring the effects of indomethacin on changes in cerebral oxidative metabolism and cerebral blood flow during sensorimotor activation. Magn Reson Med. 2004 May; 51(5):1088-9; author reply 1090. PMID: 15122696.
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    78. Buxton RB, Uludag K, Dubowitz DJ, Liu TT. Modeling the hemodynamic response to brain activation. Neuroimage. 2004; 23 Suppl 1:S220-33. PMID: 15501093.
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    79. Obata T, Liu TT, Miller KL, Luh WM, Wong EC, Frank LR, Buxton RB. Discrepancies between BOLD and flow dynamics in primary and supplementary motor areas: application of the balloon model to the interpretation of BOLD transients. Neuroimage. 2004 Jan; 21(1):144-53. PMID: 14741651.
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    80. Brown GG, Eyler Zorrilla LT, Georgy B, Kindermann SS, Wong EC, Buxton RB. BOLD and perfusion response to finger-thumb apposition after acetazolamide administration: differential relationship to global perfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2003 Jul; 23(7):829-37. PMID: 12843786.
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    81. Frank LR, Wong EC, Liu TT, Buxton RB. Increased diffusion sensitivity with hyperechos. Magn Reson Med. 2003 Jun; 49(6):1098-105. PMID: 12768588.
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    82. Stiles J, Moses P, Roe K, Akshoomoff NA, Trauner D, Hesselink J, Wong EC, Frank LR, Buxton RB. Alternative brain organization after prenatal cerebral injury: convergent fMRI and cognitive data. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2003 May; 9(4):604-22. PMID: 12755173.
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    83. Stiles J, Moses P, Passarotti A, Dick FK, Buxton R. Exploring developmental change in the neural bases of higher cognitive functions: the promise of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dev Neuropsychol. 2003; 24(2-3):641-68. PMID: 14561565.
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    84. Reber PJ, Wong EC, Buxton RB. Comparing the brain areas supporting nondeclarative categorization and recognition memory. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2002 Aug; 14(2):245-57. PMID: 12067697.
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    85. Moses P, Roe K, Buxton RB, Wong EC, Frank LR, Stiles J. Functional MRI of global and local processing in children. Neuroimage. 2002 Jun; 16(2):415-24. PMID: 12030826.
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    86. Liu TT, Wong EC, Frank LR, Buxton RB. Analysis and design of perfusion-based event-related fMRI experiments. Neuroimage. 2002 May; 16(1):269-82. PMID: 11969334.
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    87. Reber PJ, Wong EC, Buxton RB. Encoding activity in the medial temporal lobe examined with anatomically constrained fMRI analysis. Hippocampus. 2002; 12(3):363-76. PMID: 12099487.
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    88. Buxton RB, Frank LR, Wong EC, Siewert B, Warach S, Edelman RR. A general kinetic model for quantitative perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med. 1998 Sep; 40(3):383-96. PMID: 9727941.
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