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Jeffrey Schwimmer

Title(s)Professor Of Clinical, Pediatrics
SchoolHealth Sciences
Phone858-966-8907
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    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Development of MR-based biomarker panels for NAFLD - A NASH CRN Ancillary Study
    NIH/NIDDK R56DK090350Sep 24, 2012 - Jun 30, 2012
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Adipose and Fatty Liver in the Metabolic Syndrome
    NIH/NIDDK R21DK071486May 1, 2005 - Apr 30, 2008
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse ORNG Applications 
    Collapse Clinical Trials

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
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    1. Goyal NP, Sawh MC, Ugalde-Nicalo P, Angeles JE, Proudfoot JA, Newton KP, Middleton MS, Sirlin CB, Schwimmer JB. Evaluation of Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers for Early-phase Clinical Trials of Steatohepatitis in Adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020 Jan; 70(1):99-105. PMID: 31633654.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Cunha GM, Thai TT, Hamilton G, Covarrubias Y, Schlein A, Middleton MS, Wiens CN, McMillan A, Agni R, Funk LM, Campos GM, Horgan S, Jacobson G, Wolfson T, Gamst A, Schwimmer JB, Reeder SB, Sirlin CB. Accuracy of common proton density fat fraction thresholds for magnitude- and complex-based chemical shift-encoded MRI for assessing hepatic steatosis in patients with obesity. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2019 Nov 28. PMID: 31781899.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Banini BA, Cazanave SC, Yates KP, Asgharpour A, Vincent R, Mirshahi F, Le P, Contos MJ, Tonascia J, Chalasani NP, Kowdley KV, McCullough AJ, Behling CA, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE, Sanyal AJ. Haptoglobin 2 Allele is Associated With Histologic Response to Vitamin E in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2019 Nov/Dec; 53(10):750-758. PMID: 30586008.
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    4. Hong CW, Hamilton G, Hooker C, Park CC, Tran CA, Henderson WC, Hooker JC, Fazeli Dehkordy S, Schwimmer JB, Reeder SB, Sirlin CB. Measurement of spleen fat on MRI-proton density fat fraction arises from reconstruction of noise. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2019 10; 44(10):3295-3303. PMID: 31172210.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Vos MB, Dimick-Santos L, Mehta R, Omokaro SO, Taminiau J, Schabel E, Kleiner DE, Szitanyi P, Socha P, Schwimmer JB, Noviello S, Silberg DG, Torstenson R, Miller V, Lavine JE. Factors to Consider in Development of Drugs for Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2019 12; 157(6):1448-1456.e1. PMID: 31520612.
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    6. Sawh MC, Newton KP, Goyal NP, Angeles JE, Harlow K, Bross C, Schlein AN, Hooker JC, Sy EZ, Glaser KJ, Yin M, Ehman RL, Sirlin CB, Schwimmer JB. Normal range for MR elastography measured liver stiffness in children without liver disease. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2020 Mar; 51(3):919-927. PMID: 31452280.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Schwimmer JB, Johnson JS, Angeles JE, Behling C, Belt PH, Borecki I, Bross C, Durelle J, Goyal NP, Hamilton G, Holtz ML, Lavine JE, Mitreva M, Newton KP, Pan A, Simpson PM, Sirlin CB, Sodergren E, Tyagi R, Yates KP, Weinstock GM, Salzman NH. Microbiome Signatures Associated With Steatohepatitis and Moderate to Severe Fibrosis in Children With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2019 10; 157(4):1109-1122. PMID: 31255652.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Shapiro WL, Yu EL, Arin JC, Murray KF, Ali S, Desai NK, Xanthakos SA, Lin HC, Alkhouri N, Abdou R, Abrams SH, Butler MW, Faasse SA, Gillis LA, Hadley TA, Jain AK, Kavan M, Kordy K, Lee P, Panganiban J, Pohl JF, Potter C, Rudolph B, Sundaram SS, Joshi S, Proudfoot JA, Goyal NP, Harlow KE, Newton KP, Schwimmer JB. Clinical Practice Approach to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Pediatric Gastroenterologists in the United States. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019 02; 68(2):182-189. PMID: 30640271.
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    9. Covarrubias Y, Fowler KJ, Mamidipalli A, Hamilton G, Wolfson T, Leinhard OD, Jacobsen G, Horgan S, Schwimmer JB, Reeder SB, Sirlin CB. Pilot study on longitudinal change in pancreatic proton density fat fraction during a weight-loss surgery program in adults with obesity. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019 Oct; 50(4):1092-1102. PMID: 30701611.
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    10. Schwimmer JB, Ugalde-Nicalo P, Welsh JA, Angeles JE, Cordero M, Harlow KE, Alazraki A, Durelle J, Knight-Scott J, Newton KP, Cleeton R, Knott C, Konomi J, Middleton MS, Travers C, Sirlin CB, Hernandez A, Sekkarie A, McCracken C, Vos MB. Effect of a Low Free Sugar Diet vs Usual Diet on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adolescent Boys: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 01 22; 321(3):256-265. PMID: 30667502.
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    11. Pooler BD, Wiens CN, McMillan A, Artz NS, Schlein A, Covarrubias Y, Hooker J, Schwimmer JB, Funk LM, Campos GM, Greenberg JA, Jacobsen G, Horgan S, Wolfson T, Gamst AC, Sirlin CB, Reeder SB. Monitoring Fatty Liver Disease with MRI Following Bariatric Surgery: A Prospective, Dual-Center Study. Radiology. 2019 03; 290(3):682-690. PMID: 30561273.
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    12. Yu EL, Golshan S, Harlow KE, Angeles JE, Durelle J, Goyal NP, Newton KP, Sawh MC, Hooker J, Sy EZ, Middleton MS, Sirlin CB, Schwimmer JB. Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children with Obesity. J Pediatr. 2019 Apr; 207:64-70. PMID: 30559024.
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    13. Newfield RS, Graves CL, Newbury RO, Schwimmer JB, Proudfoot JA, Say DS, Feldstein AE. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in pediatric type 2 diabetes: Metabolic and histologic characteristics in 38 subjects. Pediatr Diabetes. 2019 02; 20(1):41-47. PMID: 30467936.
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    14. Nobili V, Schwimmer JB, Vajro P. Breastfeeding and NAFLD from the maternal side of the mother-infant dyad. J Hepatol. 2019 01; 70(1):13-14. PMID: 30414736.
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    15. Schwimmer MH, Sawh MC, Heskett KM, Goyal NP, Newton KP, Schwimmer JB. A Bibliometric Analysis of Clinical and Translational Research in Pediatric Gastroenterology From 1970 to 2017. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 11; 67(5):564-569. PMID: 29901549.
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    16. Bashir MR, Wolfson T, Gamst AC, Fowler KJ, Ohliger M, Shah SN, Alazraki A, Trout AT, Behling C, Allende DS, Loomba R, Sanyal A, Schwimmer J, Lavine JE, Shen W, Tonascia J, Van Natta ML, Mamidipalli A, Hooker J, Kowdley KV, Middleton MS, Sirlin CB. Hepatic R2* is more strongly associated with proton density fat fraction than histologic liver iron scores in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019 05; 49(5):1456-1466. PMID: 30318834.
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    17. Elbel EE, Lavine JE, Downes M, Van Natta M, Yu R, Schwimmer JB, Behling C, Brunt EM, Tonascia J, Evans R. Hepatic Nuclear Receptor Expression Associates with Features of Histology in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun. 2018 Oct; 2(10):1213-1226. PMID: 30288476.
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    18. Rausch JC, Lavine JE, Chalasani N, Guo X, Kwon S, Schwimmer JB, Molleston JP, Loomba R, Brunt EM, Chen YI, Goodarzi MO, Taylor KD, Yates KP, Rotter JI. Genetic Variants Associated With Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Boys With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 05; 66(5):789-796. PMID: 29470286.
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    19. Park CC, Hooker C, Hooker JC, Bass E, Haufe W, Schlein A, Covarrubias Y, Heba E, Bydder M, Wolfson T, Gamst A, Loomba R, Schwimmer J, Hernando D, Reeder SB, Middleton M, Sirlin CB, Hamilton G. Assessment of a high-SNR chemical-shift-encoded MRI with complex reconstruction for proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimation overall and in the low-fat range. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019 01; 49(1):229-238. PMID: 29707848.
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    20. Harlow KE, Africa JA, Wells A, Belt PH, Behling CA, Jain AK, Molleston JP, Newton KP, Rosenthal P, Vos MB, Xanthakos SA, Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB. Clinically Actionable Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Pediatr. 2018 07; 198:76-83.e2. PMID: 29661561.
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    21. Middleton MS, Van Natta ML, Heba ER, Alazraki A, Trout AT, Masand P, Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, Doo E, Tonascia J, Lavine JE, Shen W, Hamilton G, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB. Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging hepatic proton density fat fraction in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2018 03; 67(3):858-872. PMID: 29028128.
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    22. Luo RB, Suzuki T, Hooker JC, Covarrubias Y, Schlein A, Liu S, Schwimmer JB, Reeder SB, Funk LM, Greenberg JA, Campos GM, Sandler BJ, Horgan S, Sirlin CB, Jacobsen GR. How bariatric surgery affects liver volume and fat density in NAFLD patients. Surg Endosc. 2018 04; 32(4):1675-1682. PMID: 29218660.
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    23. Bydder M, Hamilton G, de Rochefort L, Desai A, Heba ER, Loomba R, Schwimmer JB, Szeverenyi NM, Sirlin CB. Sources of systematic error in proton density fat fraction (PDFF) quantification in the liver evaluated from magnitude images with different numbers of echoes. NMR Biomed. 2018 Jan; 31(1). PMID: 29130539.
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    24. Schwimmer JB, Behling C, Angeles JE, Paiz M, Durelle J, Africa J, Newton KP, Brunt EM, Lavine JE, Abrams SH, Masand P, Krishnamurthy R, Wong K, Ehman RL, Yin M, Glaser KJ, Dzyubak B, Wolfson T, Gamst AC, Hooker J, Haufe W, Schlein A, Hamilton G, Middleton MS, Sirlin CB. Magnetic resonance elastography measured shear stiffness as a biomarker of fibrosis in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2017 11; 66(5):1474-1485. PMID: 28493388.
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    25. Goyal NP, Schwimmer JB. The Genetics of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2018 02; 22(1):59-71. PMID: 29128061.
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    26. Wattacheril J, Lavine JE, Chalasani NP, Guo X, Kwon S, Schwimmer J, Molleston JP, Loomba R, Brunt EM, Chen YI, Goodarzi MO, Taylor KD, Yates KP, Tonascia J, Rotter JI. Genome-Wide Associations Related to Hepatic Histology in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hispanic Boys. J Pediatr. 2017 11; 190:100-107.e2. PMID: 28918882.
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    27. Perito ER, Ajmera V, Bass NM, Rosenthal P, Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Yates KP, Diehl AM, Molleston JP, Murray KF, Scheimann A, Gill R, Glidden D, Aouizerat B. Association Between Cytokines and Liver Histology in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun. 2017 Sep; 1(7):609-622. PMID: 29130075.
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    28. Osier E, Wang AS, Tollefson MM, Cordoro KM, Daniels SR, Eichenfield A, Gelfand JM, Gottlieb AB, Kimball AB, Lebwohl M, Mehta NN, Paller AS, Schwimmer JB, Styne DM, Van Voorhees AS, Tom WL, Eichenfield LF. Pediatric Psoriasis Comorbidity Screening Guidelines. JAMA Dermatol. 2017 07 01; 153(7):698-704. PMID: 28514463.
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    29. Mamidipalli A, Hamilton G, Manning P, Hong CW, Park CC, Wolfson T, Hooker J, Heba E, Schlein A, Gamst A, Durelle J, Paiz M, Middleton MS, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB. Cross-sectional correlation between hepatic R2* and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in children with hepatic steatosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2018 02; 47(2):418-424. PMID: 28543915.
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    30. Newton KP, Feldman HS, Chambers CD, Wilson L, Behling C, Clark JM, Molleston JP, Chalasani N, Sanyal AJ, Fishbein MH, Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB. Low and High Birth Weights Are Risk Factors for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children. J Pediatr. 2017 08; 187:141-146.e1. PMID: 28366357.
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    31. Haufe WM, Wolfson T, Hooker CA, Hooker JC, Covarrubias Y, Schlein AN, Hamilton G, Middleton MS, Angeles JE, Hernando D, Reeder SB, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB. Accuracy of PDFF estimation by magnitude-based and complex-based MRI in children with MR spectroscopy as a reference. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017 12; 46(6):1641-1647. PMID: 28323377.
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    32. Africa JA, Behling CA, Brunt EM, Zhang N, Luo Y, Wells A, Hou J, Belt PH, Kohil R, Lavine JE, Molleston JP, Newton KP, Whitington PF, Schwimmer JB. In Children With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Zone 1 Steatosis Is Associated With Advanced Fibrosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 03; 16(3):438-446.e1. PMID: 28286193.
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    33. Manning P, Murphy P, Wang K, Hooker J, Wolfson T, Middleton MS, Newton KP, Behling C, Awai HI, Durelle J, Paiz MN, Angeles JE, De La Pena D, McCutchan JA, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB. Liver histology and diffusion-weighted MRI in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A MAGNET study. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017 10; 46(4):1149-1158. PMID: 28225568.
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    34. Vos MB, Abrams SH, Barlow SE, Caprio S, Daniels SR, Kohli R, Mouzaki M, Sathya P, Schwimmer JB, Sundaram SS, Xanthakos SA. NASPGHAN Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: Recommendations from the Expert Committee on NAFLD (ECON) and the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017 02; 64(2):319-334. PMID: 28107283.
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    35. Yu NY, Wolfson T, Middleton MS, Hamilton G, Gamst A, Angeles JE, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB. Bone marrow fat content is correlated with hepatic fat content in paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Radiol. 2017 May; 72(5):425.e9-425.e14. PMID: 28063601.
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    36. Remigio-Baker RA, Allison MA, Forbang NI, Loomba R, Anderson CAM, Budoff M, Schwimmer JB, Blumenthal RS, Ouyang P, Criqui MH. Race/ethnic and sex disparities in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-abdominal aortic calcification association: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2017 03; 258:89-96. PMID: 28235711.
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    37. Newton KP, Hou J, Crimmins NA, Lavine JE, Barlow SE, Xanthakos SA, Africa J, Behling C, Donithan M, Clark JM, Schwimmer JB. Prevalence of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Children With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JAMA Pediatr. 2016 Oct 03; 170(10):e161971. PMID: 27478956.
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    38. Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE, Wilson LA, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Xanthakos SA, Kohli R, Barlow SE, Vos MB, Karpen SJ, Molleston JP, Whitington PF, Rosenthal P, Jain AK, Murray KF, Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, Van Natta ML, Clark JM, Tonascia J, Doo E. In Children With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Cysteamine Bitartrate Delayed Release Improves Liver Enzymes but Does Not Reduce Disease Activity Scores. Gastroenterology. 2016 12; 151(6):1141-1154.e9. PMID: 27569726.
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    39. Africa JA, Newton KP, Schwimmer JB. Lifestyle Interventions Including Nutrition, Exercise, and Supplements for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children. Dig Dis Sci. 2016 May; 61(5):1375-86. PMID: 27041377.
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    40. Nobili V, Alisi A, Newton KP, Schwimmer JB. Comparison of the Phenotype and Approach to Pediatric vs Adult Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2016 Jun; 150(8):1798-810. PMID: 27003600.
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    41. Schwimmer JB. Clinical advances in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2016 May; 63(5):1718-25. PMID: 27100147.
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    42. Kohli R, Sunduram S, Mouzaki M, Ali S, Sathya P, Abrams S, Xanthakos SA, Vos M, Schwimmer JB. Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Report from the Expert Committee on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (ECON). J Pediatr. 2016 05; 172:9-13. PMID: 26749112.
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    43. Goyal NP, Schwimmer JB. The Progression and Natural History of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2016 May; 20(2):325-38. PMID: 27063272.
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    44. Achmad E, Yokoo T, Hamilton G, Heba ER, Hooker JC, Changchien C, Schroeder M, Wolfson T, Gamst A, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE, Sirlin CB, Middleton MS. Feasibility of and agreement between MR imaging and spectroscopic estimation of hepatic proton density fat fraction in children with known or suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Abdom Imaging. 2015 Oct; 40(8):3084-90. PMID: 26205992.
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    45. Tyagi A, Yeganeh O, Levin Y, Hooker JC, Hamilton GC, Wolfson T, Gamst A, Zand AK, Heba E, Loomba R, Schwimmer J, Middleton MS, Sirlin CB. Intra- and inter-examination repeatability of magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnitude-based MRI, and complex-based MRI for estimation of hepatic proton density fat fraction in overweight and obese children and adults. Abdom Imaging. 2015 Oct; 40(8):3070-7. PMID: 26350282.
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    46. Saab S, Manne V, Nieto J, Schwimmer JB, Chalasani NP. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Latinos. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jan; 14(1):5-12; quiz e9-10. PMID: 25976180.
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    47. Xanthakos SA, Schwimmer JB. Paediatric gastroenterology. On a knife-edge--weight-loss surgery for NAFLD in adolescents. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jun; 12(6):316-8. PMID: 25869913.
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    48. Zand KA, Shah A, Heba E, Wolfson T, Hamilton G, Lam J, Chen J, Hooker JC, Gamst AC, Middleton MS, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB. Accuracy of multiecho magnitude-based MRI (M-MRI) for estimation of hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in children. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2015 Nov; 42(5):1223-32. PMID: 25847512.
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    49. Schwimmer JB, Middleton MS, Behling C, Newton KP, Awai HI, Paiz MN, Lam J, Hooker JC, Hamilton G, Fontanesi J, Sirlin CB. Magnetic resonance imaging and liver histology as biomarkers of hepatic steatosis in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2015 Jun; 61(6):1887-95. PMID: 25529941.
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    50. Ugalde-Nicalo PA, Schwimmer JB. On the origin of pediatric nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015 Feb; 60(2):147-8. PMID: 25373858.
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    51. Artz NS, Haufe WM, Hooker CA, Hamilton G, Wolfson T, Campos GM, Gamst AC, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB, Reeder SB. Reproducibility of MR-based liver fat quantification across field strength: Same-day comparison between 1.5T and 3T in obese subjects. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2015 Sep; 42(3):811-7. PMID: 25620624.
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    52. Schwimmer JB, Zepeda A, Newton KP, Xanthakos SA, Behling C, Hallinan EK, Donithan M, Tonascia J. Longitudinal assessment of high blood pressure in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One. 2014; 9(11):e112569. PMID: 25419656.
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    53. Awai HI, Yu EL, Ellis LS, Schwimmer JB. Liver toxicity of anabolic androgenic steroid use in an adolescent with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Sep; 59(3):e32-3. PMID: 23568051.
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    54. Vuppalanchi R, Jain AK, Deppe R, Yates K, Comerford M, Masuoka HC, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Loomba R, Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, Molleston JP, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE, Tonascia J, Chalasani N. Relationship between changes in serum levels of keratin 18 and changes in liver histology in children and adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Dec; 12(12):2121-30.e1-2. PMID: 24846279.
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    55. Newton KP, Awai HI, Feldstein AE, Schwimmer JB. Letter: gender-associated cell-free microRNA profiles in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease--authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014 May; 39(9):999. PMID: 24689350.
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    56. Molleston JP, Schwimmer JB, Yates KP, Murray KF, Cummings OW, Lavine JE, Brunt EM, Scheimann AO, Unalp-Arida A. Histological abnormalities in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and normal or mildly elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. J Pediatr. 2014 Apr; 164(4):707-713.e3. PMID: 24360992.
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    57. Negrete LM, Middleton MS, Clark L, Wolfson T, Gamst AC, Lam J, Changchien C, Deyoung-Dominguez IM, Hamilton G, Loomba R, Schwimmer J, Sirlin CB. Inter-examination precision of magnitude-based MRI for estimation of segmental hepatic proton density fat fraction in obese subjects. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014 May; 39(5):1265-71. PMID: 24136736.
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    58. Schwimmer JB, Newton KP, Awai HI, Choi LJ, Garcia MA, Ellis LL, Vanderwall K, Fontanesi J. Paediatric gastroenterology evaluation of overweight and obese children referred from primary care for suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Nov; 38(10):1267-77. PMID: 24117728.
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    59. Awai HI, Newton KP, Sirlin CB, Behling C, Schwimmer JB. Evidence and recommendations for imaging liver fat in children, based on systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 May; 12(5):765-73. PMID: 24090729.
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    60. Johnson BL, Schroeder ME, Wolfson T, Gamst AC, Hamilton G, Shiehmorteza M, Loomba R, Schwimmer JB, Reeder S, Middleton MS, Sirlin CB. Effect of flip angle on the accuracy and repeatability of hepatic proton density fat fraction estimation by complex data-based, T1-independent, T2*-corrected, spectrum-modeled MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014 Feb; 39(2):440-7. PMID: 23596052.
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    61. Schwimmer JB. Clinical trials for adolescent obesity: cooking up an alphabet stew of what to do. JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Apr; 167(4):391-3. PMID: 23381196.
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    62. Swiderska-Syn M, Suzuki A, Guy CD, Schwimmer JB, Abdelmalek MF, Lavine JE, Diehl AM. Hedgehog pathway and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2013 May; 57(5):1814-25. PMID: 23300059.
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    63. Tang A, Tan J, Sun M, Hamilton G, Bydder M, Wolfson T, Gamst AC, Middleton M, Brunt EM, Loomba R, Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: MR imaging of liver proton density fat fraction to assess hepatic steatosis. Radiology. 2013 May; 267(2):422-31. PMID: 23382291.
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    64. Dunn W, Sanyal AJ, Brunt EM, Unalp-Arida A, Donohue M, McCullough AJ, Schwimmer JB. Modest alcohol consumption is associated with decreased prevalence of steatohepatitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). J Hepatol. 2012 Aug; 57(2):384-91. PMID: 22521357.
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    65. Guerrerio AL, Colvin RM, Schwartz AK, Molleston JP, Murray KF, Diehl A, Mohan P, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE, Torbenson MS, Scheimann AO. Choline intake in a large cohort of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Apr; 95(4):892-900. PMID: 22338037.
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    66. Suzuki A, Abdelmalek MF, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE, Scheimann AO, Unalp-Arida A, Yates KP, Sanyal AJ, Guy CD, Diehl AM. Association between puberty and features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Jul; 10(7):786-94. PMID: 22343513.
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    67. Vos MB, Colvin R, Belt P, Molleston JP, Murray KF, Rosenthal P, Schwimmer JB, Tonascia J, Unalp A, Lavine JE. Correlation of vitamin E, uric acid, and diet composition with histologic features of pediatric NAFLD. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012 Jan; 54(1):90-6. PMID: 22197855.
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    68. Pardee PE, Dunn W, Schwimmer JB. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with low bone mineral density in obese children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Jan; 35(2):248-54. PMID: 22111971.
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    69. Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Van Natta ML, Molleston JP, Murray KF, Rosenthal P, Abrams SH, Scheimann AO, Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Tonascia J, Ünalp A, Clark JM, Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, Hoofnagle JH, Robuck PR. Effect of vitamin E or metformin for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: the TONIC randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2011 Apr 27; 305(16):1659-68. PMID: 21521847.
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    70. Dohil R, Schmeltzer S, Cabrera BL, Wang T, Durelle J, Duke KB, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE. Enteric-coated cysteamine for the treatment of paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011 May; 33(9):1036-44. PMID: 21395631.
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    71. Barshop NJ, Capparelli EV, Sirlin CB, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE. Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Feb; 52(2):198-202. PMID: 21240014.
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    72. Yokoo T, Shiehmorteza M, Hamilton G, Wolfson T, Schroeder ME, Middleton MS, Bydder M, Gamst AC, Kono Y, Kuo A, Patton HM, Horgan S, Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB. Estimation of hepatic proton-density fat fraction by using MR imaging at 3.0 T. Radiology. 2011 Mar; 258(3):749-59. PMID: 21212366.
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    73. Kistler KD, Brunt EM, Clark JM, Diehl AM, Sallis JF, Schwimmer JB. Physical activity recommendations, exercise intensity, and histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Mar; 106(3):460-8; quiz 469. PMID: 21206486.
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    74. Gabbert C, Donohue M, Arnold J, Schwimmer JB. Adenovirus 36 and obesity in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2010 Oct; 126(4):721-6. PMID: 20855385.
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    75. Patton HM, Yates K, Unalp-Arida A, Behling CA, Huang TT, Rosenthal P, Sanyal AJ, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE. Association between metabolic syndrome and liver histology among children with nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Sep; 105(9):2093-102. PMID: 20372110.
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    76. Schwimmer JB, Dunn W, Norman GJ, Pardee PE, Middleton MS, Kerkar N, Sirlin CB. SAFETY study: alanine aminotransferase cutoff values are set too high for reliable detection of pediatric chronic liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2010 Apr; 138(4):1357-64, 1364.e1-2. PMID: 20064512.
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    77. Lindbäck SM, Gabbert C, Johnson BL, Smorodinsky E, Sirlin CB, Garcia N, Pardee PE, Kistler KD, Schwimmer JB. Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive review. Adv Pediatr. 2010; 57(1):85-140. PMID: 21056736.
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    78. Kistler KD, Molleston J, Unalp A, Abrams SH, Behling C, Schwimmer JB. Symptoms and quality of life in obese children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Feb 01; 31(3):396-406. PMID: 19863497.
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    79. Loomba R, Sirlin CB, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE. Advances in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2009 Oct; 50(4):1282-93. PMID: 19637286.
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    80. Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Molleston JP, Scheimann AO, Murray KF, Abrams SH, Rosenthal P, Sanyal AJ, Robuck PR, Brunt EM, Unalp A, Tonascia J. Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children: TONIC trial design. Contemp Clin Trials. 2010 Jan; 31(1):62-70. PMID: 19761871.
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    81. Pardee PE, Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB. Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and the implications for bariatric surgery. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2009 Aug; 18(3):144-51. PMID: 19573756.
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    82. Hamilton G, Middleton MS, Bydder M, Yokoo T, Schwimmer JB, Kono Y, Patton HM, Lavine JE, Sirlin CB. Effect of PRESS and STEAM sequences on magnetic resonance spectroscopic liver fat quantification. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009 Jul; 30(1):145-52. PMID: 19557733.
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    83. Barshop NJ, Francis CS, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a comorbidity of childhood obesity. Ped Health. 2009 Jun 01; 3(3):271-281. PMID: 20556232.
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    84. David K, Kowdley KV, Unalp A, Kanwal F, Brunt EM, Schwimmer JB. Quality of life in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: baseline data from the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis clinical research network. Hepatology. 2009 Jun; 49(6):1904-12. PMID: 19434741.
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    85. Yokoo T, Bydder M, Hamilton G, Middleton MS, Gamst AC, Wolfson T, Hassanein T, Patton HM, Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: diagnostic and fat-grading accuracy of low-flip-angle multiecho gradient-recalled-echo MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology. 2009 Apr; 251(1):67-76. PMID: 19221054.
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    86. Schwimmer JB, Celedon MA, Lavine JE, Salem R, Campbell N, Schork NJ, Shiehmorteza M, Yokoo T, Chavez A, Middleton MS, Sirlin CB. Heritability of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2009 May; 136(5):1585-92. PMID: 19208353.
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    87. Cassidy FH, Yokoo T, Aganovic L, Hanna RF, Bydder M, Middleton MS, Hamilton G, Chavez AD, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB. Fatty liver disease: MR imaging techniques for the detection and quantification of liver steatosis. Radiographics. 2009 Jan-Feb; 29(1):231-60. PMID: 19168847.
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    88. Caprio S, Daniels SR, Drewnowski A, Kaufman FR, Palinkas LA, Rosenbloom AL, Schwimmer JB. Influence of race, ethnicity, and culture on childhood obesity: implications for prevention and treatment. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Dec; 16(12):2566-77. PMID: 19279654.
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    89. Caprio S, Daniels SR, Drewnowski A, Kaufman FR, Palinkas LA, Rosenbloom AL, Schwimmer JB. Influence of race, ethnicity, and culture on childhood obesity: implications for prevention and treatment: a consensus statement of Shaping America's Health and the Obesity Society. Diabetes Care. 2008 Nov; 31(11):2211-21. PMID: 18955718.
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    90. Rubinstein E, Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB. Hepatic, cardiovascular, and endocrine outcomes of the histological subphenotypes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 2008 Nov; 28(4):380-5. PMID: 18956294.
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    91. Patton HM, Lavine JE, Van Natta ML, Schwimmer JB, Kleiner D, Molleston J. Clinical correlates of histopathology in pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2008 Dec; 135(6):1961-1971.e2. PMID: 19013463.
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    92. Dunn W, Xu R, Wingard DL, Rogers C, Angulo P, Younossi ZM, Schwimmer JB. Suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality risk in a population-based cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Sep; 103(9):2263-71. PMID: 18684196.
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    93. Andrews DB, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE. Fast break on the fat brake: mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta regulation of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Hepatology. 2008 Aug; 48(2):355-7. PMID: 18666254.
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    94. Schwimmer JB, Pardee PE, Lavine JE, Blumkin AK, Cook S. Cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Circulation. 2008 Jul 15; 118(3):277-83. PMID: 18591439.
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    95. Dunn W, Xu R, Schwimmer JB. Modest wine drinking and decreased prevalence of suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2008 Jun; 47(6):1947-54. PMID: 18454505.
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    96. Barshop NJ, Sirlin CB, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE. Review article: epidemiology, pathogenesis and potential treatments of paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jul; 28(1):13-24. PMID: 18397387.
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    97. Stovitz SD, Pardee PE, Vazquez G, Duval S, Schwimmer JB. Musculoskeletal pain in obese children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr. 2008 Apr; 97(4):489-93. PMID: 18363957.
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    98. Bydder M, Yokoo T, Hamilton G, Middleton MS, Chavez AD, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE, Sirlin CB. Relaxation effects in the quantification of fat using gradient echo imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 2008 Apr; 26(3):347-59. PMID: 18093781.
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    99. Dunn W, Schwimmer JB. The obesity epidemic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2008 Feb; 10(1):67-72. PMID: 18417045.
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    100. Stovitz SD, Schwimmer JB, Martinez H, Story MT. Pediatric obesity: the unique issues in Latino-American male youth. Am J Prev Med. 2008 Feb; 34(2):153-60. PMID: 18201646.
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    101. Pardee PE, Norman GJ, Lustig RH, Preud'homme D, Schwimmer JB. Television viewing and hypertension in obese children. Am J Prev Med. 2007 Dec; 33(6):439-43. PMID: 18022058.
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    102. Schwimmer JB. Definitive diagnosis and assessment of risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents. Semin Liver Dis. 2007 Aug; 27(3):312-8. PMID: 17682977.
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    103. Aceves SS, Newbury RO, Dohil R, Schwimmer J, Bastian JF. Distinguishing eosinophilic esophagitis in pediatric patients: clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features of an emerging disorder. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2007 Mar; 41(3):252-6. PMID: 17426462.
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    104. Varni JW, Lane MM, Burwinkle TM, Fontaine EN, Youssef NN, Schwimmer JB, Pardee PE, Pohl JF, Easley DJ. Health-related quality of life in pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a comparative analysis. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2006 Dec; 27(6):451-8. PMID: 17164617.
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    105. Schwimmer JB, Deutsch R, Kahen T, Lavine JE, Stanley C, Behling C. Prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2006 Oct; 118(4):1388-93. PMID: 17015527.
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    106. Patton HM, Sirlin C, Behling C, Middleton M, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE. Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a critical appraisal of current data and implications for future research. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Oct; 43(4):413-27. PMID: 17033514.
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    107. Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB. Clinical Research Network launches TONIC trial for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Feb; 42(2):129-30. PMID: 16456401.
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    108. Schwimmer JB, Behling C, Newbury R, Deutsch R, Nievergelt C, Schork NJ, Lavine JE. Histopathology of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2005 Sep; 42(3):641-9. PMID: 16116629.
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    109. Xanthakos SA, Schwimmer JB, Melin-Aldana H, Rothenberg ME, Witte DP, Cohen MB. Prevalence and outcome of allergic colitis in healthy infants with rectal bleeding: a prospective cohort study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005 Jul; 41(1):16-22. PMID: 15990624.
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    110. Schwimmer JB, McGreal N, Deutsch R, Finegold MJ, Lavine JE. Influence of gender, race, and ethnicity on suspected fatty liver in obese adolescents. Pediatrics. 2005 May; 115(5):e561-5. PMID: 15867021.
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    111. Schwimmer JB, Middleton MS, Deutsch R, Lavine JE. A phase 2 clinical trial of metformin as a treatment for non-diabetic paediatric non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Apr 01; 21(7):871-9. PMID: 15801922.
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    112. Schwimmer JB, Khorram O, Chiu V, Schwimmer WB. Abnormal aminotransferase activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2005 Feb; 83(2):494-7. PMID: 15705403.
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    113. Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the pediatric population. Clin Liver Dis. 2004 Aug; 8(3):549-58, viii-ix. PMID: 15331063.
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    114. Schwimmer JB. Managing overweight in older children and adolescents. Pediatr Ann. 2004 Jan; 33(1):39-44. PMID: 14981868.
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    115. Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE. Lumen and the liver--together again in NASHville. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003 Oct; 37(4):523-4. PMID: 14579849.
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    116. Schwimmer JB, Deutsch R, Rauch JB, Behling C, Newbury R, Lavine JE. Obesity, insulin resistance, and other clinicopathological correlates of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pediatr. 2003 Oct; 143(4):500-5. PMID: 14571229.
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    117. Schwimmer JB, Burwinkle TM, Varni JW. Health-related quality of life of severely obese children and adolescents. JAMA. 2003 Apr 09; 289(14):1813-9. PMID: 12684360.
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    118. Schwimmer JB, Ee L, Zheng S, Tso P. Glutamine promotes triglyceride absorption in a dose-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002 Feb; 282(2):G317-23. PMID: 11804853.
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    119. Gambhir SS, Czernin J, Schwimmer J, Silverman DH, Coleman RE, Phelps ME. A tabulated summary of the FDG PET literature. J Nucl Med. 2001 May; 42(5 Suppl):1S-93S. PMID: 11483694.
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    120. Park KC, Schwimmer J, Shepherd JE, Phelps ME, Czernin JR, Schiepers C, Gambhir SS. Decision analysis for the cost-effective management of recurrent colorectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2001 Mar; 233(3):310-9. PMID: 11224617.
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    121. Huebner RH, Park KC, Shepherd JE, Schwimmer J, Czernin J, Phelps ME, Gambhir SS. A meta-analysis of the literature for whole-body FDG PET detection of recurrent colorectal cancer. J Nucl Med. 2000 Jul; 41(7):1177-89. PMID: 10914907.
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    122. Schwimmer JB, Balistreri WF. Transmission, natural history, and treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in the pediatric population. Semin Liver Dis. 2000; 20(1):37-46. PMID: 10895430.
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