Tommi Gaines

Title(s)Associate Adjunct Professor, Medicine
SchoolVc-health Sciences-schools
Address9500 Gilman Drive #
La Jolla CA 92093
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    University of California, Los AngelesDrPHBiostatistics
    San Diego State University, San DiegoMSStatistics
    University of California, RiversideBAMathematics

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Dr. Gaines is a trained biostatistician whose work specializes in modeling the interactions between social conditions, geographic location, and individual characteristics using advanced spatial and statistical analyses from various study designs (cross-sectional, retrospective, and longitudinal). Her current research utilizes geographic information system (GIS) technologies to visualize and analyze the physical features of residential environments as it relates to unsafe sexual and drug using behaviors.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Addressing HIV/STI Awareness and Prevention through a Community-Based Assessment among Rural American Indians
    NIH/NIGMS (subaward) S06GM128703 (subproject: 6328)Oct 1, 2018 - Jul 31, 2022
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Description: Examine local-level conditions in rural reservation-based communities that collectively shape HIV/STI knowledge and prevention.
    Addressing HIV-risk Related Disparities in AIAN women
    NIH/NIAID (administrative supplement) 5R24AI106039Aug 1, 2018 - Jul 31, 2019
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Description: Identify HIV-related disparities in risk and access to prevention services among AIAN women relative to non-AIAN women who underwent voluntary HIV testing in Southern California.
    Developing Typologies of Semi-Rural and Suburban Localities to Understandthe Epidemiology of Prescription Opioid Misuse
    NIH R21DA045293Jul 1, 2018 - Jun 30, 2021
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Description: Combine geospatial analysis, qualitative, and quantitative methods to examine how community conditions shape awareness and utilization of harm reduction and treatment services for opioid users in San Diego County.
    Modeling the Complex Dynamics between Behaviors and Environments Shaping HIV/STIs
    NIH K01DA034523Sep 1, 2012 - Jun 30, 2018
    Role: Principal Investigator

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    Collapse Featured Publications

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Modeling the impact of a supervised consumption site on HIV and HCV transmission among people who inject drugs in three counties in California, USA. Int J Drug Policy. 2024 Aug 29; 132:104557. Killion JA, Jegede OS, Werb D, Davidson PJ, Smith LR, Gaines T, Graff Zivin J, Zúñiga ML, Pines HA, Garfein RS, Strathdee SA, Rivera Saldana C, Martin NK. PMID: 39213827.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    2. A randomized clinical trial testing a health literacy intervention to reduce disparities in access to care among Justice-Impacted Adults (JIA). Health Justice. 2024 Jul 31; 12(1):34. Ojeda VD, Groneman A, Hiller-Venegas S, Moreno M, Schuler B, Barksdale J, Berliant E, Romero N, Edwards TM, Lister Z, Gilmer T, Gaines T, Bazzi A. PMID: 39083138; PMCID: PMC11290280.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    3. Lifetime HIV testing among three samples of adults with histories of incarceration in Southern California. AIDS Care. 2024 Jul 03; 1-8. Ojeda VD, Jaeger MB, Hiller-Venegas S, Parker T, Lyles M, Castillo S, Vega G, Moreno M, Schuler B, Groneman A, Berliant E, Romero N, Edwards TM, Jimenez C, Lister Z, Barksdale J, Bazzi A, Gaines T, Gilmer T. PMID: 38958153.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    4. Community-Identified Implementation Strategies for Promoting the Adoption of HIV Self-Testing in a Southern California American Indian community: A Rapid Qualitative Analysis. AIDS Behav. 2024 Jun; 28(6):2101-2112. Prescott MR, Montoya JL, Perry C, Teran R, Armenta R, Gaines TL. PMID: 38594409; PMCID: PMC11161417.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Overdose mortality incidence and supervised consumption services in Toronto, Canada: an ecological study and spatial analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2024 Feb; 9(2):e79-e87. Rammohan I, Gaines T, Scheim A, Bayoumi A, Werb D. PMID: 38307685.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Cumulative Lifetime Violence and Bacterial Vaginosis Infection in Sexually Transmitted Infections: Findings From a Retrospective Cohort Study Among Black Women at Risk for HIV. AJPM Focus. 2024 Apr; 3(2):100180. Tesfai Y, Lucea MB, Chan E, Asuquo T, Zhu H, Gaines TL, Campbell JC, Stockman JK, Tsuyuki K. PMID: 38445027; PMCID: PMC10912451.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    7. Young, Black/African American, and Latino communities are left behind despite legislative efforts in California to reduce HIV/STI disparities. Front Reprod Health. 2023; 5:1179334. Gaines TL, Werb D, Harris O. PMID: 37779638; PMCID: PMC10538965.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    8. "It's hard for everyone" systemic barriers to home confinement to prevent community spread of COVID-19. Transl Behav Med. 2023 02 28; 13(2):64-72. Omaleki V, Vo AV, Flores M, Majnoonian A, Le T, Nguyen M, Duong D, Hassani A, Wijaya FC, Gonzalez-Zuniga PE, Gaines T, Garfein RS, Fielding-Miller R. PMID: 36271869; PMCID: PMC9620324.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    9. Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schools. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023 Mar; 19:100449. Fielding-Miller R, Karthikeyan S, Gaines T, Garfein RS, Salido RA, Cantu VJ, Kohn L, Martin NK, Wynn A, Wijaya C, Flores M, Omaleki V, Majnoonian A, Gonzalez-Zuniga P, Nguyen M, Vo AV, Le T, Duong D, Hassani A, Tweeten S, Jepsen K, Henson B, Hakim A, Birmingham A, De Hoff P, Mark AM, Nasamran CA, Rosenthal SB, Moshiri N, Fisch KM, Humphrey G, Farmer S, Tubb HM, Valles T, Morris J, Kang J, Khaleghi B, Young C, Akel AD, Eilert S, Eno J, Curewitz K, Laurent LC, Rosing T, Knight R, SEARCH. PMID: 36844610; PMCID: PMC9939935.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18  
    10. Wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary school settings: The Safer at School Early Alert project. medRxiv. 2023 Jan 25. Fielding-Miller R, Karthikeyan S, Gaines T, Garfein RS, Salido RA, Cantu VJ, Kohn L, Martin NK, Wynn A, Wijaya C, Flores M, Omaleki V, Majnoonian A, Gonzalez-Zuniga P, Nguyen M, Vo AV, Le T, Duong D, Hassani A, Tweeten S, Jepsen K, Henson B, Hakim A, Birmingham A, De Hoff P, Mark AM, Nasamran CA, Rosenthal SB, Moshiri N, Fisch KM, Humphrey G, Farmer S, Tubb HM, Valles T, Morris J, Kang J, Khaleghi B, Young C, Akel AD, Eilert S, Eno J, Curewitz K, Laurent LC, Rosing T, Knight R. PMID: 34704096; PMCID: PMC8547528.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    11. COVID-19 disproportionately impacts access to basic needs among households with disabled members. Disabil Health J. 2023 04; 16(2):101443. Streuli S, Garfein RS, Gaines T, Fielding-Miller R. PMID: 36764843; PMCID: PMC9851949.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    12. Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections? PLoS Pathog. 2023 01; 19(1):e1011025. Jenks JD, Aneke CI, Al-Obaidi MM, Egger M, Garcia L, Gaines T, Hoenigl M, Thompson GR. PMID: 36602962.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Detoxification, 12-step meeting attendance, and non-fatal opioid overdoses among a suburban/exurban population with opioid use disorder. J Addict Dis. 2023 Oct-Dec; 41(4):266-273. Clingan SE, Woodruff SI, Gaines TL, Davidson PJ. PMID: 35950698; PMCID: PMC9918603.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    
    14. Wastewater sequencing reveals early cryptic SARS-CoV-2 variant transmission. Nature. 2022 09; 609(7925):101-108. Karthikeyan S, Levy JI, De Hoff P, Humphrey G, Birmingham A, Jepsen K, Farmer S, Tubb HM, Valles T, Tribelhorn CE, Tsai R, Aigner S, Sathe S, Moshiri N, Henson B, Mark AM, Hakim A, Baer NA, Barber T, Belda-Ferre P, Chacón M, Cheung W, Cresini ES, Eisner ER, Lastrella AL, Lawrence ES, Marotz CA, Ngo TT, Ostrander T, Plascencia A, Salido RA, Seaver P, Smoot EW, McDonald D, Neuhard RM, Scioscia AL, Satterlund AM, Simmons EH, Abelman DB, Brenner D, Bruner JC, Buckley A, Ellison M, Gattas J, Gonias SL, Hale M, Hawkins F, Ikeda L, Jhaveri H, Johnson T, Kellen V, Kremer B, Matthews G, McLawhon RW, Ouillet P, Park D, Pradenas A, Reed S, Riggs L, Sanders A, Sollenberger B, Song A, White B, Winbush T, Aceves CM, Anderson C, Gangavarapu K, Hufbauer E, Kurzban E, Lee J, Matteson NL, Parker E, Perkins SA, Ramesh KS, Robles-Sikisaka R, Schwab MA, Spencer E, Wohl S, Nicholson L, McHardy IH, Dimmock DP, Hobbs CA, Bakhtar O, Harding A, Mendoza A, Bolze A, Becker D, Cirulli ET, Isaksson M, Schiabor Barrett KM, Washington NL, Malone JD, Schafer AM, Gurfield N, Stous S, Fielding-Miller R, Garfein RS, Gaines T, Anderson C, Martin NK, Schooley R, Austin B, MacCannell DR, Kingsmore SF, Lee W, Shah S, McDonald E, Yu AT, Zeller M, Fisch KM, Longhurst C, Maysent P, Pride D, Khosla PK, Laurent LC, Yeo GW, Andersen KG, Knight R. PMID: 35798029; PMCID: PMC9433318.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 144     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
    15. Wastewater sequencing uncovers early, cryptic SARS-CoV-2 variant transmission. medRxiv. 2022 Apr 04. Karthikeyan S, Levy JI, De Hoff P, Humphrey G, Birmingham A, Jepsen K, Farmer S, Tubb HM, Valles T, Tribelhorn CE, Tsai R, Aigner S, Sathe S, Moshiri N, Henson B, Mark AM, Hakim A, Baer NA, Barber T, Belda-Ferre P, Chacón M, Cheung W, Cresini ES, Eisner ER, Lastrella AL, Lawrence ES, Marotz CA, Ngo TT, Ostrander T, Plascencia A, Salido RA, Seaver P, Smoot EW, McDonald D, Neuhard RM, Scioscia AL, Satterlund AM, Simmons EH, Abelman DB, Brenner D, Bruner JC, Buckley A, Ellison M, Gattas J, Gonias SL, Hale M, Hawkins F, Ikeda L, Jhaveri H, Johnson T, Kellen V, Kremer B, Matthews G, McLawhon RW, Ouillet P, Park D, Pradenas A, Reed S, Riggs L, Sanders A, Sollenberger B, Song A, White B, Winbush T, Aceves CM, Anderson C, Gangavarapu K, Hufbauer E, Kurzban E, Lee J, Matteson NL, Parker E, Perkins SA, Ramesh KS, Robles-Sikisaka R, Schwab MA, Spencer E, Wohl S, Nicholson L, Mchardy IH, Dimmock DP, Hobbs CA, Bakhtar O, Harding A, Mendoza A, Bolze A, Becker D, Cirulli ET, Isaksson M, Barrett KMS, Washington NL, Malone JD, Schafer AM, Gurfield N, Stous S, Fielding-Miller R, Garfein RS, Gaines T, Anderson C, Martin NK, Schooley R, Austin B, MacCannell DR, Kingsmore SF, Lee W, Shah S, McDonald E, Yu AT, Zeller M, Fisch KM, Longhurst C, Maysent P, Pride D, Khosla PK, Laurent LC, Yeo GW, Andersen KG, Knight R. PMID: 35411350; PMCID: PMC8996633.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    16. Spatial proximity and access to buprenorphine or methadone treatment for opioid use disorder in a sample of people misusing opioids in Southern California. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2022 Jan; 132:108634. Davidson PJ, Bowles JM, Faul M, Gaines TL. PMID: 34625318; PMCID: PMC10465062.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. Collateral Damage: A Narrative Review on Epidemics of Substance Use Disorders and Their Relationships to Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States. Sex Transm Dis. 2021 07 01; 48(7):466-473. Strathdee SA, Bristow CC, Gaines T, Shoptaw S. PMID: 33315749; PMCID: PMC8184578.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    18. "There Is a Lot of Practice in Not Thinking about That": Structural, Interpersonal, and Individual-Level Barriers to HIV/STI Prevention among Reservation Based American Indians. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 03 30; 18(7). Armenta RF, Kellogg D, Montoya JL, Romero R, Armao S, Calac D, Gaines TL. PMID: 33808175; PMCID: PMC8037532.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Transitioning from pharmaceutical opioids: A discrete-time survival analysis of heroin initiation in suburban/exurban communities. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020 Aug 01; 213:108084. Gaines TL, Wagner KD, Mittal ML, Bowles JM, Copulsky E, Faul M, Harding RW, Davidson PJ. PMID: 32544797; PMCID: PMC7371530.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    
    20. Prevalence and correlates of cervical abnormalities among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico. Int J STD AIDS. 2019 08; 30(9):861-867. Bristow CC, Brown B, Marg L, Iñiguez RI, Meckel-Parker K, Silverman JG, Magis-Rodriguez C, Gaines TL, Brouwer KC. PMID: 31159713; PMCID: PMC6901098.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    21. Prevalence of HIV/STIs and correlates with municipal characteristics among female sex workers in 13 Mexican cities. Salud Publica Mex. 2019 Mar-Apr; 61(2):116-124. Patterson TL, Strathdee SA, Semple SJ, Chavarin CV, Abramovitz D, Gaines TL, Mendoza D, Staines H, Aarons GA, Magis Rodríguez C. PMID: 30958954; PMCID: PMC10478761.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Evaluating the impact of global fund withdrawal on needle and syringe provision, cost and use among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico: a costing analysis. BMJ Open. 2019 01 29; 9(1):e026298. Cepeda JA, Burgos JL, Kahn JG, Padilla R, Meza Martinez PE, Segovia LA, Gaines T, Abramovitz D, Rangel G, Magis-Rodriguez C, Vickerman P, Strathdee SA, Martin NK. PMID: 30700490; PMCID: PMC6352756.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Improving police conceptual knowledge of Mexico's law on cannabis possession: Findings from an assessment of a police education program. Am J Addict. 2018 12; 27(8):608-611. Mittal ML, Artamonova I, Baker P, Strathdee SA, Cepeda J, Bañuelos A, Morales M, Arredondo J, Rocha-Jimenez T, Clairgue E, Bustamante E, Patiño E, Gaines T, Beletsky L. PMID: 30516331; PMCID: PMC6487862.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    24. Factors associated with extrajudicial arrest for syringe possession: results of a department-wide survey of municipal police in Tijuana, Mexico. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2018 09 15; 18(1):36. Morales M, Rafful C, Gaines TL, Cepeda JA, Abramovitz D, Artamonova I, Baker P, Clairgue E, Mittal ML, Rocha-Jimenez T, Arredondo J, Kerr T, Bañuelos A, Strathdee SA, Beletsky L. PMID: 30219105; PMCID: PMC6139125.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Predictors of injecting cessation among a cohort of people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 04 01; 185:298-304. Horyniak D, Strathdee SA, West BS, Meacham M, Rangel G, Gaines TL. PMID: 29482055; PMCID: PMC5889739.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Impact of Public Safety Policies on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission Dynamics in Tijuana, Mexico. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 02 10; 66(5):758-764. Mehta SR, Chaillon A, Gaines TL, Gonzalez-Zuniga PE, Stockman JK, Almanza-Reyes H, Chavez JR, Vera A, Wagner KD, Patterson TL, Scott B, Smith DM, Strathdee SA. PMID: 29045592; PMCID: PMC5848227.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    27. The law on the streets: Evaluating the impact of Mexico's drug decriminalization reform on drug possession arrests in Tijuana, Mexico. Int J Drug Policy. 2018 04; 54:1-8. Arredondo J, Gaines T, Manian S, Vilalta C, Bañuelos A, Strathdee SA, Beletsky L. PMID: 29306177; PMCID: PMC5924731.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Structural factors associated with methamphetamine smoking among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018 04; 37 Suppl 1:S294-S302. Conners EE, Gaines TL, Strathdee SA, Magis-Rodriguez C, Brouwer KC. PMID: 29218799; PMCID: PMC5940512.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    29. Perceived Treatment Need and Latent Transitions in Heroin and Methamphetamine Polydrug Use among People who Inject Drugs in Tijuana, Mexico. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2018 Jan-Mar; 50(1):62-71. Meacham MC, Roesch SC, Strathdee SA, Gaines TL. PMID: 28960166; PMCID: PMC5884627.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Latent classes of polydrug and polyroute use and associations with human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviours and overdose among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018 01; 37(1):128-136. Meacham MC, Roesch SC, Strathdee SA, Lindsay S, Gonzalez-Zuniga P, Gaines TL. PMID: 28337798; PMCID: PMC5610926.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. How Underestimates of Need Contribute to Biased Conclusions. Sex Transm Dis. 2016 11; 43(11):696-697. Ford CL, Mesfin MS, Gaines TL, Godette DC. PMID: 27893599; PMCID: PMC5127446.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    32. The Spatial-Temporal Pattern of Policing Following a Drug Policy Reform: Triangulating Self-Reported Arrests With Official Crime Statistics. Subst Use Misuse. 2017 01 28; 52(2):214-222. Gaines TL, Werb D, Arredondo J, Alaniz VM, Vilalta C, Beletsky L. PMID: 27767367; PMCID: PMC5378066.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Prevalence and Correlates of Heroin-Methamphetamine Co-Injection Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in San Diego, California, and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2016 09; 77(5):774-81. Meacham MC, Strathdee SA, Rangel G, Armenta RF, Gaines TL, Garfein RS. PMID: 27588536; PMCID: PMC5015469.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Utilization of Google enterprise tools to georeference survey data among hard-to-reach groups: strategic application in international settings. Int J Health Geogr. 2016 07 28; 15(1):24. Beletsky L, Arredondo J, Werb D, Vera A, Abramovitz D, Amon JJ, Brouwer KC, Strathdee SA, Gaines TL. PMID: 27468764; PMCID: PMC4964042.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    35. Spatial patterns of arrests, police assault and addiction treatment center locations in Tijuana, Mexico. Addiction. 2016 07; 111(7):1246-56. Werb D, Strathdee SA, Vera A, Arredondo J, Beletsky L, Gonzalez-Zuniga P, Gaines T. PMID: 26879179; PMCID: PMC4899159.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. Relationship between a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expanded HIV testing initiative and past-year testing by race/ethnicity: a multilevel analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. AIDS Care. 2016; 28(5):554-60. Gaines TL, Caldwell JT, Ford CL, Mulatu MS, Godette DC. PMID: 27045327; PMCID: PMC4868383.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    37. Trends in HIV Testing Among U.S. Older Adults Prior to and Since Release of CDC's Routine HIV Testing Recommendations: National Findings from the BRFSS. Public Health Rep. 2015 Sep-Oct; 130(5):514-25. Ford CL, Mulatu MS, Godette DC, Gaines TL. PMID: 26327729; PMCID: PMC4529835.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    38. A police education programme to integrate occupational safety and HIV prevention: protocol for a modified stepped-wedge study design with parallel prospective cohorts to assess behavioural outcomes. BMJ Open. 2015 Aug 10; 5(8):e008958. Strathdee SA, Arredondo J, Rocha T, Abramovitz D, Rolon ML, Patiño Mandujano E, Rangel MG, Olivarria HO, Gaines T, Patterson TL, Beletsky L. PMID: 26260350; PMCID: PMC4538275.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    39. Recent HIV Testing Prevalence, Determinants, and Disparities Among U.S. Older Adult Respondents to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Sex Transm Dis. 2015 Aug; 42(8):405-10. Ford CL, Godette DC, Mulatu MS, Gaines TL. PMID: 26165428; PMCID: PMC4869980.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    40. Examining the spatial distribution of law enforcement encounters among people who inject drugs after implementation of Mexico's drug policy reform. J Urban Health. 2015 Apr; 92(2):338-51. Gaines TL, Beletsky L, Arredondo J, Werb D, Rangel G, Vera A, Brouwer K. PMID: 25300503; PMCID: PMC4411320.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    41. Short-term cessation of sex work and injection drug use: evidence from a recurrent event survival analysis. Addict Behav. 2015 Jun; 45:63-9. Gaines TL, Urada LA, Martinez G, Goldenberg SM, Rangel G, Reed E, Patterson TL, Strathdee SA. PMID: 25644589; PMCID: PMC4373980.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    42. Evaluating outcome-correlated recruitment and geographic recruitment bias in a respondent-driven sample of people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico. AIDS Behav. 2014 Dec; 18(12):2325-37. Rudolph AE, Gaines TL, Lozada R, Vera A, Brouwer KC. PMID: 24969586; PMCID: PMC4401495.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    43. The effect of geography on HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Tijuana's red light district. J Urban Health. 2013 Oct; 90(5):915-20. Gaines TL, Rusch ML, Brouwer KC, Lozada R, Perkins EE, Strathdee SA, Patterson TL. PMID: 22689301; PMCID: PMC3795197.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    44. The longitudinal association of venue stability with consistent condom use among female sex workers in two Mexico-USA border cities. Int J STD AIDS. 2013 Jul; 24(7):523-9. Gaines TL, Rudolph AE, Brouwer KC, Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Martinez G, Goldenberg SM, Rusch ML. PMID: 23970766; PMCID: PMC3987857.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    45. Syringe confiscation as an HIV risk factor: the public health implications of arbitrary policing in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. J Urban Health. 2013 Apr; 90(2):284-98. Beletsky L, Lozada R, Gaines T, Abramovitz D, Staines H, Vera A, Rangel G, Arredondo J, Strathdee SA. PMID: 22806453; PMCID: PMC3675719.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 61     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    46. Venue-level correlates of female sex worker registration status: a multilevel analysis of bars in Tijuana, Mexico. Glob Public Health. 2013; 8(4):405-16. Gaines TL, Rusch ML, Brouwer KC, Goldenberg SM, Lozada R, Robertson AM, Perkins E, Strathdee SA, Patterson TL. PMID: 23534477; PMCID: PMC3704167.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    47. Mexico's northern border conflict: collateral damage to health and human rights of vulnerable groups. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2012 May; 31(5):403-10. Beletsky L, Martinez G, Gaines T, Nguyen L, Lozada R, Rangel G, Vera A, McCauley HL, Sorensen A, Strathdee SA. PMID: 22767041; PMCID: PMC3660986.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    48. Associations between child sexual abuse and negative sexual experiences and revictimization among women: does measuring severity matter? Child Abuse Negl. 2011 Nov; 35(11):946-55. Loeb TB, Gaines T, Wyatt GE, Zhang M, Liu H. PMID: 22078081; PMCID: PMC3262588.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    49. Correlates of injury among ED visits: effects of alcohol, risk perception, impulsivity, and sensation seeking behaviors. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2007; 33(1):101-8. Bazargan-Hejazi S, Gaines T, Duan N, Cherpitel CJ. PMID: 17366250.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
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