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    Kimberly Brouwer

    TitleProfessor
    SchoolUniversity of California, San Diego
    DepartmentFamily Medicine and Public Health
    Address9500 Gilman Drive #0725
    CA La Jolla 92093
    Phone858-822-6467
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      Collapse Biography 
      Collapse Education and Training
      University of California, BerkeleyBAMajor: Integrative Biology; Minors: Music, Spanish
      Johns Hopkins UniversityPhDMolecular Epidemiology
      U.S. Centers for Disease Control & PreventionFellowEmerging Infectious Diseases
      University of California, San DiegoK01 Career AwardSocial & Spatial Epidemiology

      Collapse Overview 
      Collapse Overview
      Dr. Kimberly Brouwer is a professor and infectious disease epidemiologist with interest in applying geospatial and mixed methods to developing new approaches to public health challenges. A recurrent theme of her research has been to explore the effect of mobility and marginalization on transmission and diffusion of infectious diseases. She further explores the effect of environmental, structural, and social factors on access to preventive and medical services. Dr. Brouwer is currently collaborating with Mexican and Guatemalan officials in studies of substance use, HIV, and sexually transmitted infections, in an effort to inform appropriate public health interventions. Dr. Brouwer's research interests also encompass the epidemiology of vector-borne and tropical infectious diseases, including being a co-investigator of the Peru-Brazil International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research.

      Dr. Brouwer serves as the Vice Chair for Public Health Education for the Department of Family Medicine & Public Health. She also co-directs the Global Health track of the SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health and teaches Epidemiology 101, a core course of the UCSD Bachelor of Science in Public Health. Further, she facilitates networking and training opportunities for researchers at all levels – but with a focus on young investigators - as part of the UCSD Center for AIDS Research.

      Dr. Brouwer originally earned her Ph.D. in molecular epidemiology from the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, and was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to investigate factors relating to disease severity of schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Prior to her appointment at UC San Diego, she worked as an Emerging Infectious Diseases fellow and researcher in the Division of Parasitic Diseases at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, investigating HIV/malaria interactions in western Kenya. After coming to UCSD, Dr. Brouwer received a K01 career award from the National Institute on Drug Abuse through which she acquired additional skills in spatial epidemiology.


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      Collapse Bibliographic 
      Collapse Publications
      Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
      List All   |   Timeline
      1. Conners EE, Swanson K, Morales-Miranda S, Fernández Casanueva C, Mercer VJ, Brouwer K. HIV Risk Behaviors and Correlates of Inconsistent Condom Use Among Substance Using Migrants at the Mexico/Guatemala Border. AIDS Behav. 2017 Feb 25. PMID: 28238120.
        View in: PubMed
      2. Beletsky L, Arredondo J, Werb D, Vera A, Abramovitz D, Amon JJ, Brouwer K, Strathdee SA, Gaines TL. Utilization of Google enterprise tools to georeference survey data among hard-to-reach groups: strategic application in international settings. Int J Health Geogr. 2016; 15(1):24. PMID: 27468764.
        View in: PubMed
      3. Conners EE, West BS, Roth AM, Meckel-Parker KG, Kwan MP, Magis-Rodriguez C, Staines-Orozco H, Clapp JD, Brouwer K. Quantitative, Qualitative and Geospatial Methods to Characterize HIV Risk Environments. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5):e0155693. PMID: 27191846.
        View in: PubMed
      4. Goldenberg SM, Brouwer K, Jimenez TR, Miranda SM, Mindt MR. Enhancing the Ethical Conduct of HIV Research with Migrant Sex Workers: Human Rights, Policy, and Social Contextual Influences. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5):e0155048. PMID: 27159157; PMCID: PMC4861265.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      5. Rocha-Jiménez T, Brouwer K, Silverman JG, Morales-Miranda S, Goldenberg SM. Exploring the Context and Implementation of Public Health Regulations Governing Sex Work: A Qualitative Study with Migrant Sex Workers in Guatemala. J Immigr Minor Health. 2016 Mar 25. PMID: 27015834.
        View in: PubMed
      6. Rocha-Jiménez T, Brouwer K, Silverman JG, Morales-Miranda S, Goldenberg SM. Migration, violence, and safety among migrant sex workers: a qualitative study in two Guatemalan communities. Cult Health Sex. 2016 Sep; 18(9):965-79. PMID: 27439656.
        View in: PubMed
      7. Conners EE, Vinetz JM, Weeks JR, Brouwer K. A global systematic review of Chagas disease prevalence among migrants. Acta Trop. 2016 Apr; 156:68-78. PMID: 26777312.
        View in: PubMed
      8. Conners EE, Silverman JG, Ulibarri M, Magis-Rodriguez C, Strathdee SA, Staines-Orozco H, Patterson TL, Brouwer K. Structural Determinants of Client Perpetrated Violence Among Female Sex Workers in Two Mexico-U.S. Border Cities. AIDS Behav. 2016 Jan; 20(1):215-24. PMID: 26111732.
        View in: PubMed
      9. Meacham MC, Rudolph AE, Strathdee SA, Rusch ML, Brouwer K, Patterson TL, Vera A, Rangel G, Roesch SC. Polydrug Use and HIV Risk Among People Who Inject Heroin in Tijuana, Mexico: A Latent Class Analysis. Subst Use Misuse. 2015; 50(10):1351-9. PMID: 26444185.
        View in: PubMed
      10. Silverman JG, Servin A, Goldenberg SM, Magis-Rodriguez C, Ritter J, Raj A, Brouwer K. Sexual Violence and HIV Infection Associated With Adolescent vs Adult Entry Into the Sex Trade in Mexico. JAMA. 2015 Aug 4; 314(5):516-8. PMID: 26241604.
        View in: PubMed
      11. Mehta SR, Wertheim JO, Brouwer K, Wagner KD, Chaillon A, Strathdee S, Patterson TL, Rangel MG, Vargas M, Murrell B, Garfein R, Little SJ, Smith DM. HIV Transmission Networks in the San Diego-Tijuana Border Region. EBioMedicine. 2015 Oct; 2(10):1456-63. PMID: 26629540.
        View in: PubMed
      12. Chuquiyauri R, Molina DM, Moss EL, Wang R, Gardner MJ, Brouwer K, Torres S, Gilman RH, Llanos-Cuentas A, Neafsey DE, Felgner P, Liang X, Vinetz JM. Genome-Scale Protein Microarray Comparison of Human Antibody Responses in Plasmodium vivax Relapse and Reinfection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Oct 7; 93(4):801-9. PMID: 26149860.
        View in: PubMed
      13. Gaines TL, Beletsky L, Arredondo J, Werb D, Rangel G, Vera A, Brouwer K. Examining the Spatial Distribution of Law Enforcement Encounters among People Who Inject Drugs after Implementation of Mexico's Drug Policy Reform. J Urban Health. 2015 Apr; 92(2):338-51. PMID: 25300503.
        View in: PubMed
      14. Servin AE, Brouwer K, Gordon L, Rocha-Jimenez T, Staines H, Vera-Monroy RB, Strathdee SA, Silverman JG. Vulnerability Factors and Pathways Leading to Underage Entry into Sex Work in two Mexican-US Border Cities. J Appl Res Child. 2015; 6(1). PMID: 25932343.
        View in: PubMed
      15. Rudolph AE, Gaines TL, Lozada R, Vera A, Brouwer K. Evaluating outcome-correlated recruitment and geographic recruitment bias in a respondent-driven sample of people who inject drugs in tijuana, Mexico. AIDS Behav. 2014 Dec; 18(12):2325-37. PMID: 24969586.
        View in: PubMed
      16. Mackey TK, Liang BA, Cuomo R, Hafen R, Brouwer K, Lee DE. Emerging and reemerging neglected tropical diseases: a review of key characteristics, risk factors, and the policy and innovation environment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014 Oct; 27(4):949-79. PMID: 25278579.
        View in: PubMed
      17. Goldenberg SM, Mindt MR, Jimenez TR, Brouwer K, Miranda SM, Fisher CB. Structural and Interpersonal Benefits and Risks of Participation in HIV Research: Perspectives of Female Sex Workers in Guatemala. Ethics Behav. 2015; 25(2):97-114. PMID: 27840564.
        View in: PubMed
      18. Kori N, Roth AM, Lozada R, Vera A, Brouwer K. Correlates of injecting in an HIV incidence hotspot among substance users in Tijuana, Mexico. Int J Drug Policy. 2014 May; 25(3):525-32. PMID: 24418632.
        View in: PubMed
      19. Gaines TL, Rusch ML, Brouwer K, Lozada R, Perkins EE, Strathdee SA, Patterson TL. The effect of geography on HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Tijuana's red light district. J Urban Health. 2013 Oct; 90(5):915-20. PMID: 22689301.
        View in: PubMed
      20. Chuquiyauri R, Peñataro P, Brouwer K, Fasabi M, Calderon M, Torres S, Gilman RH, Kosek M, Vinetz JM. Microgeographical differences of Plasmodium vivax relapse and re-infection in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013 Aug; 89(2):326-38. PMID: 23836566.
        View in: PubMed
      21. Gaines TL, Rudolph AE, Brouwer K, Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Martinez G, Goldenberg SM, Rusch ML. The longitudinal association of venue stability with consistent condom use among female sex workers in two Mexico-USA border cities. Int J STD AIDS. 2013 Jul; 24(7):523-9. PMID: 23970766.
        View in: PubMed
      22. Gaines TL, Rusch ML, Brouwer K, Goldenberg SM, Lozada R, Robertson AM, Perkins E, Strathdee SA, Patterson TL. Venue-level correlates of female sex worker registration status: a multilevel analysis of bars in Tijuana, Mexico. Glob Public Health. 2013; 8(4):405-16. PMID: 23534477.
        View in: PubMed
      23. Chen NE, Strathdee SA, Rangel G, Patterson TL, Uribe-Salas FJ, Rosen P, Villalobos J, Brouwer K. HIV Risk Behaviours Differ by Workplace Stability Among Mexican Female Sex Workers With Truck Driver Clientele. J Public Health Res. 2012 Dec 28; 1(3):208-13. PMID: 25170465.
        View in: PubMed
      24. Chen NE, Strathdee SA, Rangel G, Patterson TL, Uribe-Salas FJ, Rosen P, Villalobos J, Brouwer K. HIV risk behaviors differ by workplace stability among Mexican female sex workers with truck driver clientele. J Public Health Res. 2012 Dec 28; 1(3). PMID: 24724056.
        View in: PubMed
      25. Chen NE, Strathdee SA, Uribe-Salas FJ, Patterson TL, Rangel MG, Rosen P, Brouwer K. Correlates of STI symptoms among female sex workers with truck driver clients in two Mexican border towns. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12:1000. PMID: 23164289.
        View in: PubMed
      26. Brouwer K, Rusch ML, Weeks JR, Lozada R, Vera A, Magis-Rodríguez C, Strathdee SA. Spatial Epidemiology of HIV among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana, Mexico. Ann Assoc Am Geogr. 2012; 102(5):1190-1199. PMID: 23606753.
        View in: PubMed
      27. Morris MD, Brouwer K, Lozada RM, Gallardo M, Vera A, Strathdee SA. "Injection first": a unique group of injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. Am J Addict. 2012 Jan-Feb; 21(1):23-30. PMID: 22211343.
        View in: PubMed
      28. Brouwer K, Lozada R, Weeks JR, Magis-Rodríguez C, Firestone M, Strathdee SA. Intraurban mobility and its potential impact on the spread of blood-borne infections among drug injectors in Tijuana, Mexico. Subst Use Misuse. 2012 Feb; 47(3):244-53. PMID: 22136446.
        View in: PubMed
      29. Chuquiyauri R, Paredes M, Peñataro P, Torres S, Marin S, Tenorio A, Brouwer K, Abeles S, Llanos-Cuentas A, Gilman RH, Kosek M, Vinetz JM. Socio-demographics and the development of malaria elimination strategies in the low transmission setting. Acta Trop. 2012 Mar; 121(3):292-302. PMID: 22100446.
        View in: PubMed
      30. Midzi N, Mtapuri-Zinyowera S, Sangweme D, Paul NH, Makware G, Mapingure MP, Brouwer K, Mudzori J, Hlerema G, Chadukura V, Mutapi F, Kumar N, Mduluza T. Efficacy of integrated school based de-worming and prompt malaria treatment on helminths -Plasmodium falciparum co-infections: A 33 months follow up study. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2011 Jun 22; 11:9. PMID: 21696629; PMCID: PMC3141662.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      31. Midzi N, Mtapuri-Zinyowera S, Mapingure MP, Paul NH, Sangweme D, Hlerema G, Mutsaka MJ, Tongogara F, Makware G, Chadukura V, Brouwer K, Mutapi F, Kumar N, Mduluza T. Knowledge attitudes and practices of grade three primary schoolchildren in relation to schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminthiasis and malaria in Zimbabwe. BMC Infect Dis. 2011; 11:169. PMID: 21668948.
        View in: PubMed
      32. Pollini RA, Rosen PC, Gallardo M, Robles B, Brouwer K, Macalino GE, Lozada R. Not sold here: limited access to legally available syringes at pharmacies in Tijuana, Mexico. Harm Reduct J. 2011; 8(1):13. PMID: 21609471.
        View in: PubMed
      33. Holmes EC, Ghedin E, Halpin RA, Stockwell TB, Zhang XQ, Fleming R, Davey R, Benson CA, Mehta S, Taplitz R, Liu YT, Brouwer K, Wentworth DE, Lin X, Schooley RT. Extensive geographical mixing of 2009 human H1N1 influenza A virus in a single university community. J Virol. 2011 Jul; 85(14):6923-9. PMID: 21593168.
        View in: PubMed
      34. Rondinelli AJ, Morris MD, Rodwell TC, Moser KS, Paida P, Popper ST, Brouwer K. Under- and over-nutrition among refugees in San Diego County, California. J Immigr Minor Health. 2011 Feb; 13(1):161-8. PMID: 20505992.
        View in: PubMed
      35. Wagner KD, Pollini RA, Patterson TL, Lozada R, Ojeda VD, Brouwer K, Vera A, Volkmann TA, Strathdee SA. Cross-border drug injection relationships among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Jan 15; 113(2-3):236-41. PMID: 20889270.
        View in: PubMed
      36. Mehta SR, Delport W, Brouwer K, Espitia S, Patterson T, Pond SK, Strathdee SA, Smith DM. The relatedness of HIV epidemics in the United States-Mexico border region. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2010 Dec; 26(12):1273-7. PMID: 20977301.
        View in: PubMed
      37. Rusch ML, Brouwer K, Lozada R, Strathdee SA, Magis-Rodríguez C, Patterson TL. Distribution of sexually transmitted diseases and risk factors by work locations among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico. Sex Transm Dis. 2010 Oct; 37(10):608-14. PMID: 20585278.
        View in: PubMed
      38. Midzi N, Mtapuri-Zinyowera S, Mapingure MP, Sangweme D, Chirehwa MT, Brouwer K, Mudzori J, Hlerema G, Mutapi F, Kumar N, Mduluza T. Consequences of polyparasitism on anaemia among primary school children in Zimbabwe. Acta Trop. 2010 Jul-Aug; 115(1-2):103-11. PMID: 20175980.
        View in: PubMed
      39. Morris MD, Popper ST, Rodwell TC, Brodine SK, Brouwer K. Healthcare barriers of refugees post-resettlement. J Community Health. 2009 Dec; 34(6):529-38. PMID: 19705264.
        View in: PubMed
      40. Poon AF, Brouwer K, Strathdee SA, Firestone-Cruz M, Lozada RM, Pond SL, Heckathorn DD, Frost SD. Parsing social network survey data from hidden populations using stochastic context-free grammars. PLoS One. 2009; 4(9):e6777. PMID: 19738904.
        View in: PubMed
      41. Deiss R, Garfein RS, Lozada R, Burgos JL, Brouwer K, Moser KS, Zuniga ML, Rodwell TC, Ojeda VD, Strathdee SA. Influences of cross-border mobility on tuberculosis diagnoses and treatment interruption among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. Am J Public Health. 2009 Aug; 99(8):1491-5. PMID: 19542040.
        View in: PubMed
      42. Ramos R, Ferreira-Pinto JB, Brouwer K, Ramos ME, Lozada RM, Firestone-Cruz M, Strathdee SA. A tale of two cities: Social and environmental influences shaping risk factors and protective behaviors in two Mexico-US border cities. Health Place. 2009 Dec; 15(4):999-1005. PMID: 19464228.
        View in: PubMed
      43. Iñiguez-Stevens E, Brouwer K, Hogg RS, Patterson TL, Lozada R, Magis-Rodríguez C, Elder JP, Viani RM, Strathdee SA. [Estimating the 2006 prevalence of HIV by gender and risk groups in Tijuana, Mexico]. Gac Med Mex. 2009 May-Jun; 145(3):189-95. PMID: 19685824.
        View in: PubMed
      44. Volkow P, Brouwer K, Loza O, Ramos R, Lozada R, Garfein RS, Magis-Rodriguez C, Firestone-Cruz M, Strathdee SA. Cross-border paid plasma donation among injection drug users in two Mexico-U.S. border cities. Int J Drug Policy. 2009 Sep; 20(5):409-12. PMID: 19230645.
        View in: PubMed
      45. Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Ojeda VD, Pollini RA, Brouwer K, Vera A, Cornelius W, Nguyen L, Magis-Rodriguez C, Patterson TL. Differential effects of migration and deportation on HIV infection among male and female injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. PLoS One. 2008; 3(7):e2690. PMID: 18665250.
        View in: PubMed
      46. Midzi N, Sangweme D, Zinyowera S, Mapingure MP, Brouwer K, Munatsi A, Mutapi F, Mudzori J, Kumar N, Woelk G, Mduluza T. The burden of polyparasitism among primary schoolchildren in rural and farming areas in Zimbabwe. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Oct; 102(10):1039-45. PMID: 18656215.
        View in: PubMed
      47. Midzi N, Sangweme D, Zinyowera S, Mapingure MP, Brouwer K, Kumar N, Mutapi F, Woelk G, Mduluza T. Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel treatment against Schistosoma haematobium infection among primary school children in Zimbabwe. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Aug; 102(8):759-66. PMID: 18486169.
        View in: PubMed
      48. Philbin M, Pollini RA, Ramos R, Lozada R, Brouwer K, Ramos ME, Firestone-Cruz M, Case P, Strathdee SA. Shooting gallery attendance among IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico: correlates, prevention opportunities, and the role of the environment. AIDS Behav. 2008 Jul; 12(4):552-60. PMID: 18369723.
        View in: PubMed
      49. Strathdee SA, Case P, Lozada R, Mantsios AR, Alvelais J, Pu M, Brouwer K, Miller CL, Patterson TL. The color of meth: is it related to adverse health outcomes? An exploratory study in Tijuana, Mexico. Am J Addict. 2008 Mar-Apr; 17(2):111-5. PMID: 18393053.
        View in: PubMed
      50. Deiss RG, Brouwer K, Loza O, Lozada RM, Ramos R, Cruz MA, Patterson TL, Heckathorn DD, Frost SD, Strathdee SA. High-risk sexual and drug using behaviors among male injection drug users who have sex with men in 2 Mexico-US border cities. Sex Transm Dis. 2008 Mar; 35(3):243-9. PMID: 18046263.
        View in: PubMed
      51. Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Pollini RA, Brouwer K, Mantsios A, Abramovitz DA, Rhodes T, Latkin CA, Loza O, Alvelais J, Magis-Rodriguez C, Patterson TL. Individual, social, and environmental influences associated with HIV infection among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Mar 1; 47(3):369-76. PMID: 18176320.
        View in: PubMed
      52. Brouwer K, Lozada R, Cornelius WA, Firestone Cruz M, Magis-Rodríguez C, Zúñiga de Nuncio ML, Strathdee SA. Deportation along the U.S.-Mexico border: its relation to drug use patterns and accessing care. J Immigr Minor Health. 2009 Feb; 11(1):1-6. PMID: 18247117.
        View in: PubMed
      53. Case P, Patricia C, Ramos R, Brouwer K, Firestone-Cruz M, Pollini RA, Fraga MA, Patterson TL, Strathdee SA. At the borders, on the edge: use of injected methamphetamine in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008 Feb; 10(1):23-33. PMID: 17516170.
        View in: PubMed
      54. Moyer LB, Brouwer K, Brodine SK, Ramos R, Lozada R, Cruz MF, Magis-Rodriguez C, Strathdee SA. Barriers and missed opportunities to HIV testing among injection drug users in two Mexico--US border cities. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008 Jan; 27(1):39-45. PMID: 18034380.
        View in: PubMed
      55. Pollini RA, Brouwer K, Lozada RM, Ramos R, Cruz MF, Magis-Rodriguez C, Case P, Burris S, Pu M, Frost SD, Palinkas LA, Miller C, Strathdee SA. Syringe possession arrests are associated with receptive syringe sharing in two Mexico-US border cities. Addiction. 2008 Jan; 103(1):101-8. PMID: 18028520.
        View in: PubMed
      56. Miller CL, Firestone M, Ramos R, Burris S, Ramos ME, Case P, Brouwer K, Fraga MA, Strathdee SA. Injecting drug users' experiences of policing practices in two Mexican-U.S. border cities: public health perspectives. Int J Drug Policy. 2008 Aug; 19(4):324-31. PMID: 17997089.
        View in: PubMed
      57. Rachlis B, Brouwer K, Mills EJ, Hayes M, Kerr T, Hogg RS. Migration and transmission of blood-borne infections among injection drug users: understanding the epidemiologic bridge. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Oct 8; 90(2-3):107-19. PMID: 17485179.
        View in: PubMed
      58. White EF, Garfein RS, Brouwer K, Lozada R, Ramos R, Firestone-Cruz M, Pérez SG, Magis-Rodríguez C, Conde-Glez CJ, Strathdee SA. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and HIV infection among injection drug users in two Mexican cities bordering the U.S. Salud Publica Mex. 2007 May-Jun; 49(3):165-72. PMID: 17589770.
        View in: PubMed
      59. Cruz MF, Mantsios A, Ramos R, Case P, Brouwer K, Ramos ME, Fraga WD, Latkin CA, Miller CL, Strathdee SA. A qualitative exploration of gender in the context of injection drug use in two US-Mexico border cities. AIDS Behav. 2007 Mar; 11(2):253-62. PMID: 16865542.
        View in: PubMed
      60. Brouwer K, Mirel LB, Yang C, Lal RB, Kolczak MS, Van Eijk AM, Ayisi J, Otieno JA, Nahlen BL, Steketee R, Shi YP, Lal AA. Subclinical Plasmodium falciparum infection and HIV-1 viral load. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Feb; 13(2):351-3. PMID: 17479917; PMCID: PMC2725849.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      61. Eyzaguirre L, Brouwer K, Nadai Y, Patterson TL, Ramos R, Firestone Cruz M, Orozovich P, Strathdee SA, Carr JK. First molecular surveillance report of HIV type 1 in injecting drug users and female sex workers along the U.S.-Mexico border. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2007 Feb; 23(2):331-4. PMID: 17331041.
        View in: PubMed
      62. Frost SD, Brouwer K, Firestone Cruz MA, Ramos R, Ramos ME, Lozada RM, Magis-Rodriguez C, Strathdee SA. Respondent-driven sampling of injection drug users in two U.S.-Mexico border cities: recruitment dynamics and impact on estimates of HIV and syphilis prevalence. J Urban Health. 2006 Nov; 83(6 Suppl):i83-97. PMID: 17072761.
        View in: PubMed
      63. Bharti AR, Chuquiyauri R, Brouwer K, Stancil J, Lin J, Llanos-Cuentas A, Vinetz JM. Experimental infection of the neotropical malaria vector Anopheles darlingi by human patient-derived Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006 Oct; 75(4):610-6. PMID: 17038681.
        View in: PubMed
      64. Ganoza CA, Matthias MA, Collins-Richards D, Brouwer K, Cunningham CB, Segura ER, Gilman RH, Gotuzzo E, Vinetz JM. Determining risk for severe leptospirosis by molecular analysis of environmental surface waters for pathogenic Leptospira. PLoS Med. 2006 Aug; 3(8):e308. PMID: 16933963.
        View in: PubMed
      65. Brouwer K, Strathdee SA, Magis-Rodríguez C, Bravo-García E, Gayet C, Patterson TL, Bertozzi SM, Hogg RS. Estimated numbers of men and women infected with HIV/AIDS in Tijuana, Mexico. J Urban Health. 2006 Mar; 83(2):299-307. PMID: 16736378.
        View in: PubMed
      66. Brouwer K, Case P, Ramos R, Magis-Rodríguez C, Bucardo J, Patterson TL, Strathdee SA. Trends in production, trafficking, and consumption of methamphetamine and cocaine in Mexico. Subst Use Misuse. 2006; 41(5):707-27. PMID: 16603456.
        View in: PubMed
      67. Strathdee SA, Fraga WD, Case P, Firestone M, Brouwer K, Perez SG, Magis C, Fraga MA. "Vivo para consumirla y la consumo para vivir" ["I live to inject and inject to live"]: high-risk injection behaviors in Tijuana, Mexico. J Urban Health. 2005 Sep; 82(3 Suppl 4):iv58-73. PMID: 16107441.
        View in: PubMed
      68. Magis-Rodríguez C, Brouwer K, Morales S, Gayet C, Lozada R, Ortiz-Mondragón R, Ricketts EP, Strathdee SA. HIV prevalence and correlates of receptive needle sharing among injection drug users in the Mexican-U.s. border city of Tijuana. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2005 Sep; 37(3):333-9. PMID: 16295018.
        View in: PubMed
      69. Brouwer K, Yang C, Parekh S, Mirel LB, Shi YP, Otieno J, Lal AA, Lal RB. Effect of CCR2 chemokine receptor polymorphism on HIV type 1 mother-to-child transmission and child survival in Western Kenya. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2005 May; 21(5):358-62. PMID: 15929697.
        View in: PubMed
      70. Bucardo J, Brouwer K, Magis-Rodríguez C, Ramos R, Fraga M, Perez SG, Patterson TL, Strathdee SA. Historical trends in the production and consumption of illicit drugs in Mexico: implications for the prevention of blood borne infections. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005 Sep 1; 79(3):281-93. PMID: 16102372.
        View in: PubMed
      71. Brouwer K, Lal AA, Mirel LB, Otieno J, Ayisi J, Van Eijk AM, Lal RB, Steketee R, Nahlen BL, Shi YP. Polymorphism of Fc receptor IIa for immunoglobulin G is associated with placental malaria in HIV-1-positive women in western Kenya. J Infect Dis. 2004 Sep 15; 190(6):1192-8. PMID: 15319871.
        View in: PubMed
      72. Brouwer K, Munatsi A, Ndhlovu PD, Wagatsuma Y, Shiff CJ. Urinary schistosomiasis in Zimbabwean school children: predictors of morbidity. Afr Health Sci. 2004 Aug; 4(2):115-8. PMID: 15477190.
        View in: PubMed
      73. Brouwer K, Lal RB, Mirel LB, Yang C, van Eijk AM, Ayisi J, Otieno J, Nahlen BL, Steketee R, Lal AA, Shi YP. Polymorphism of Fc receptor IIa for IgG in infants is associated with susceptibility to perinatal HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 2004 May 21; 18(8):1187-94. PMID: 15166534.
        View in: PubMed
      74. Brouwer K, Ndhlovu PD, Wagatsuma Y, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ. Urinary tract pathology attributed to Schistosoma haematobium: does parasite genetics play a role? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003 Apr; 68(4):456-62. PMID: 12875296.
        View in: PubMed
      75. Brouwer K, Ndhlovu PD, Wagatsuma Y, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ. Epidemiological assessment of Schistosoma haematobium-induced kidney and bladder pathology in rural Zimbabwe. Acta Trop. 2003 Mar; 85(3):339-47. PMID: 12659971.
        View in: PubMed
      76. Brouwer K, Ndhlovu P, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ. Genetic diversity of a population of Schistosoma haematobium derived from schoolchildren in east central Zimbabwe. J Parasitol. 2001 Aug; 87(4):762-9. PMID: 11534639.
        View in: PubMed
      77. Shiff C, Brouwer K, Clow L. Schistosoma haematobium: population genetics of S. haematobium by direct measurement of parasite diversity using RAPD-PCR. Exp Parasitol. 2000 Sep; 96(1):47-51. PMID: 11038320.
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