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Kimberly Brouwer

Title(s)Professor, Family Medicine and Public Health
SchoolVc-health Sciences-schools
Address9500 Gilman Drive #0725
La Jolla CA 92093
Phone8/8-22--6467
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    Collapse Biography 
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    University of California, BerkeleyBAMajor: Integrative Biology; Minors: Music, Spanish
    Johns Hopkins UniversityPhDMolecular Epidemiology
    U.S. Centers for Disease Control & PreventionFellowEmerging Infectious Diseases
    University of California, San DiegoK01 Career AwardSocial & Spatial Epidemiology

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    Dr. Kimberly Brouwer is a professor and infectious disease epidemiologist with expertise in applying both qualitative and quantitative methods to developing new approaches to public health challenges. A recurrent theme of her research has been to explore the effect of mobility and marginalization on transmission and diffusion of infectious diseases. She further explores the effect of environmental, structural, spatial, and social factors on access to preventive and medical services. Dr. Brouwer is currently collaborating with care providers and community stakeholders to inform integration of smoking cessation into HIV care. Her research interests also encompass the epidemiology of vector-borne and tropical infectious diseases, including helping to conduct a Chagas disease prevalence study in San Diego County.

    Dr. Brouwer serves as the Vice Chair for Public Health Education and Interim Global Health Division Chief for the Department of Family Medicine & Public Health. She also co-directs the Global Health track of the SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health. She teaches a core course for the UCSD Bachelor of Science in Public Health (Epidemiology 101) and Infectious Diseases & Emerging Trends (FMPH 418) in the Masters of Public Health program. Further, she facilitates networking and training opportunities for researchers at all levels – but with a focus on young investigators - as part of the UCSD Center for AIDS Research.

    Dr. Brouwer originally earned her Ph.D. in molecular epidemiology from the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, and was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to investigate factors relating to disease severity of schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Prior to her appointment at UC San Diego, she worked as an Emerging Infectious Diseases fellow and researcher in the Division of Parasitic Diseases at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, investigating HIV/malaria interactions in western Kenya. After coming to UCSD, Dr. Brouwer received a K01 career award from the National Institute on Drug Abuse through which she acquired additional skills in social and spatial epidemiology.

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    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Exploring the Context and Implementation of Public Health Regulations Governing Sex Work: A Qualitative Study with Migrant Sex Workers in Guatemala. J Immigr Minor Health. 2017 10; 19(5):1235-1244. Rocha-Jiménez T, Brouwer KC, Silverman JG, Morales-Miranda S, Goldenberg SM. PMID: 27015834.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    2. Public Response to a Proposed Field Trial of Genetically Engineered Mosquitoes in the United States. JAMA. 2017 08 15; 318(7):662-664. Bloss CS, Stoler J, Brouwer KC, Bietz M, Cheung C. PMID: 28810013.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsPHPublic Health
    3. Motherhood and Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Female Sex Workers in the Mexico-US Border Region. Sex Transm Dis. 2017 08; 44(8):477-482. Servin AE, Reed E, Brouwer KC, Magis-Rodriguez C, Boyce S, Strathdee SA, Silverman JG. PMID: 28703726.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    4. HIV Risk Behaviors and Correlates of Inconsistent Condom Use Among Substance Using Migrants at the Mexico/Guatemala Border. AIDS Behav. 2017 Jul; 21(7):2033-2045. Conners EE, Swanson K, Morales-Miranda S, Fernández Casanueva C, Mercer VJ, Brouwer KC. PMID: 28238120.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Utilization of Google enterprise tools to georeference survey data among hard-to-reach groups: strategic application in international settings. Int J Health Geogr. 2016 07 28; 15(1):24. Beletsky L, Arredondo J, Werb D, Vera A, Abramovitz D, Amon JJ, Brouwer KC, Strathdee SA, Gaines TL. PMID: 27468764.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Quantitative, Qualitative and Geospatial Methods to Characterize HIV Risk Environments. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5):e0155693. Conners EE, West BS, Roth AM, Meckel-Parker KG, Kwan MP, Magis-Rodriguez C, Staines-Orozco H, Clapp JD, Brouwer KC. PMID: 27191846.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    7. Enhancing the Ethical Conduct of HIV Research with Migrant Sex Workers: Human Rights, Policy, and Social Contextual Influences. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5):e0155048. Goldenberg SM, Brouwer KC, Jimenez TR, Miranda SM, Mindt MR. PMID: 27159157.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. Migration, violence, and safety among migrant sex workers: a qualitative study in two Guatemalan communities. Cult Health Sex. 2016 09; 18(9):965-79. Rocha-Jiménez T, Brouwer KC, Silverman JG, Morales-Miranda S, Goldenberg SM. PMID: 27439656.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. A global systematic review of Chagas disease prevalence among migrants. Acta Trop. 2016 Apr; 156:68-78. Conners EE, Vinetz JM, Weeks JR, Brouwer KC. PMID: 26777312.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. Structural Determinants of Client Perpetrated Violence Among Female Sex Workers in Two Mexico-U.S. Border Cities. AIDS Behav. 2016 Jan; 20(1):215-24. Conners EE, Silverman JG, Ulibarri M, Magis-Rodriguez C, Strathdee SA, Staines-Orozco H, Patterson TL, Brouwer KC. PMID: 26111732.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. Polydrug Use and HIV Risk Among People Who Inject Heroin in Tijuana, Mexico: A Latent Class Analysis. Subst Use Misuse. 2015; 50(10):1351-9. Meacham MC, Rudolph AE, Strathdee SA, Rusch ML, Brouwer KC, Patterson TL, Vera A, Rangel G, Roesch SC. PMID: 26444185.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Sexual Violence and HIV Infection Associated With Adolescent vs Adult Entry Into the Sex Trade in Mexico. JAMA. 2015 Aug 04; 314(5):516-8. Silverman JG, Servin A, Goldenberg SM, Magis-Rodriguez C, Ritter J, Raj A, Brouwer KC. PMID: 26241604.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. HIV Transmission Networks in the San Diego-Tijuana Border Region. EBioMedicine. 2015 Oct; 2(10):1456-63. Mehta SR, Wertheim JO, Brouwer KC, Wagner KD, Chaillon A, Strathdee S, Patterson TL, Rangel MG, Vargas M, Murrell B, Garfein R, Little SJ, Smith DM. PMID: 26629540.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
    14. Genome-Scale Protein Microarray Comparison of Human Antibody Responses in Plasmodium vivax Relapse and Reinfection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015 Oct; 93(4):801-9. Chuquiyauri R, Molina DM, Moss EL, Wang R, Gardner MJ, Brouwer KC, Torres S, Gilman RH, Llanos-Cuentas A, Neafsey DE, Felgner P, Liang X, Vinetz JM. PMID: 26149860.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    15. Examining the spatial distribution of law enforcement encounters among people who inject drugs after implementation of Mexico's drug policy reform. J Urban Health. 2015 Apr; 92(2):338-51. Gaines TL, Beletsky L, Arredondo J, Werb D, Rangel G, Vera A, Brouwer K. PMID: 25300503.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Vulnerability Factors and Pathways Leading to Underage Entry into Sex Work in two Mexican-US Border Cities. J Appl Res Child. 2015; 6(1). Servin AE, Brouwer KC, Gordon L, Rocha-Jimenez T, Staines H, Vera-Monroy RB, Strathdee SA, Silverman JG. PMID: 25932343.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    17. Evaluating outcome-correlated recruitment and geographic recruitment bias in a respondent-driven sample of people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico. AIDS Behav. 2014 Dec; 18(12):2325-37. Rudolph AE, Gaines TL, Lozada R, Vera A, Brouwer KC. PMID: 24969586.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Emerging and reemerging neglected tropical diseases: a review of key characteristics, risk factors, and the policy and innovation environment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014 Oct; 27(4):949-79. Mackey TK, Liang BA, Cuomo R, Hafen R, Brouwer KC, Lee DE. PMID: 25278579.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsPHPublic Health
    19. Structural and Interpersonal Benefits and Risks of Participation in HIV Research: Perspectives of Female Sex Workers in Guatemala. Ethics Behav. 2015; 25(2):97-114. Goldenberg SM, Mindt MR, Jimenez TR, Brouwer KC, Miranda SM, Fisher CB. PMID: 27840564.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    20. Correlates of injecting in an HIV incidence hotspot among substance users in Tijuana, Mexico. Int J Drug Policy. 2014 May; 25(3):525-32. Kori N, Roth AM, Lozada R, Vera A, Brouwer KC. PMID: 24418632.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. The effect of geography on HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Tijuana's red light district. J Urban Health. 2013 Oct; 90(5):915-20. Gaines TL, Rusch ML, Brouwer KC, Lozada R, Perkins EE, Strathdee SA, Patterson TL. PMID: 22689301.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Microgeographical differences of Plasmodium vivax relapse and re-infection in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013 Aug; 89(2):326-38. Chuquiyauri R, Peñataro P, Brouwer KC, Fasabi M, Calderon M, Torres S, Gilman RH, Kosek M, Vinetz JM. PMID: 23836566.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    23. The longitudinal association of venue stability with consistent condom use among female sex workers in two Mexico-USA border cities. Int J STD AIDS. 2013 Jul; 24(7):523-9. Gaines TL, Rudolph AE, Brouwer KC, Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Martinez G, Goldenberg SM, Rusch ML. PMID: 23970766.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    24. Venue-level correlates of female sex worker registration status: a multilevel analysis of bars in Tijuana, Mexico. Glob Public Health. 2013; 8(4):405-16. Gaines TL, Rusch ML, Brouwer KC, Goldenberg SM, Lozada R, Robertson AM, Perkins E, Strathdee SA, Patterson TL. PMID: 23534477.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. HIV Risk Behaviours Differ by Workplace Stability Among Mexican Female Sex Workers With Truck Driver Clientele. J Public Health Res. 2012 Dec 28; 1(3):208-13. Chen NE, Strathdee SA, Rangel G, Patterson TL, Uribe-Salas FJ, Rosen P, Villalobos J, Brouwer KC. PMID: 25170465.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    26. HIV risk behaviors differ by workplace stability among Mexican female sex workers with truck driver clientele. J Public Health Res. 2012 12 28; 1(3). Chen NE, Strathdee SA, Rangel G, Patterson TL, Uribe-Salas FJ, Rosen P, Villalobos J, Brouwer KC. PMID: 24724056.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    27. Correlates of STI symptoms among female sex workers with truck driver clients in two Mexican border towns. BMC Public Health. 2012 Nov 20; 12:1000. Chen NE, Strathdee SA, Uribe-Salas FJ, Patterson TL, Rangel MG, Rosen P, Brouwer KC. PMID: 23164289.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Spatial Epidemiology of HIV among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana, Mexico. Ann Assoc Am Geogr. 2012; 102(5):1190-1199. Brouwer KC, Rusch ML, Weeks JR, Lozada R, Vera A, Magis-Rodríguez C, Strathdee SA. PMID: 23606753.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    29. "Injection first": a unique group of injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. Am J Addict. 2012 Jan-Feb; 21(1):23-30. Morris MD, Brouwer KC, Lozada RM, Gallardo M, Vera A, Strathdee SA. PMID: 22211343.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Intraurban mobility and its potential impact on the spread of blood-borne infections among drug injectors in Tijuana, Mexico. Subst Use Misuse. 2012 Feb; 47(3):244-53. Brouwer KC, Lozada R, Weeks JR, Magis-Rodríguez C, Firestone M, Strathdee SA. PMID: 22136446.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. Socio-demographics and the development of malaria elimination strategies in the low transmission setting. Acta Trop. 2012 Mar; 121(3):292-302. Chuquiyauri R, Paredes M, Peñataro P, Torres S, Marin S, Tenorio A, Brouwer KC, Abeles S, Llanos-Cuentas A, Gilman RH, Kosek M, Vinetz JM. PMID: 22100446.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsPHPublic Health
    32. Efficacy of integrated school based de-worming and prompt malaria treatment on helminths -Plasmodium falciparum co-infections: A 33 months follow up study. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2011 Jun 22; 11:9. Midzi N, Mtapuri-Zinyowera S, Sangweme D, Paul NH, Makware G, Mapingure MP, Brouwer KC, Mudzori J, Hlerema G, Chadukura V, Mutapi F, Kumar N, Mduluza T. PMID: 21696629.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    
    33. Knowledge attitudes and practices of grade three primary schoolchildren in relation to schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminthiasis and malaria in Zimbabwe. BMC Infect Dis. 2011 Jun 13; 11:169. Midzi N, Mtapuri-Zinyowera S, Mapingure MP, Paul NH, Sangweme D, Hlerema G, Mutsaka MJ, Tongogara F, Makware G, Chadukura V, Brouwer KC, Mutapi F, Kumar N, Mduluza T. PMID: 21668948.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsPHPublic Health
    34. Not sold here: limited access to legally available syringes at pharmacies in Tijuana, Mexico. Harm Reduct J. 2011 May 24; 8:13. Pollini RA, Rosen PC, Gallardo M, Robles B, Brouwer KC, Macalino GE, Lozada R. PMID: 21609471.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    
    35. Extensive geographical mixing of 2009 human H1N1 influenza A virus in a single university community. J Virol. 2011 Jul; 85(14):6923-9. Holmes EC, Ghedin E, Halpin RA, Stockwell TB, Zhang XQ, Fleming R, Davey R, Benson CA, Mehta S, Taplitz R, Liu YT, Brouwer KC, Wentworth DE, Lin X, Schooley RT. PMID: 21593168.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    36. Under- and over-nutrition among refugees in San Diego County, California. J Immigr Minor Health. 2011 Feb; 13(1):161-8. Rondinelli AJ, Morris MD, Rodwell TC, Moser KS, Paida P, Popper ST, Brouwer KC. PMID: 20505992.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Cross-border drug injection relationships among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Jan 15; 113(2-3):236-41. Wagner KD, Pollini RA, Patterson TL, Lozada R, Ojeda VD, Brouwer KC, Vera A, Volkmann TA, Strathdee SA. PMID: 20889270.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    38. The relatedness of HIV epidemics in the United States-Mexico border region. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2010 Dec; 26(12):1273-7. Mehta SR, Delport W, Brouwer KC, Espitia S, Patterson T, Pond SK, Strathdee SA, Smith DM. PMID: 20977301.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    39. Distribution of sexually transmitted diseases and risk factors by work locations among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico. Sex Transm Dis. 2010 Oct; 37(10):608-14. Rusch ML, Brouwer KC, Lozada R, Strathdee SA, Magis-Rodríguez C, Patterson TL. PMID: 20585278.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    40. Consequences of polyparasitism on anaemia among primary school children in Zimbabwe. Acta Trop. 2010 Jul-Aug; 115(1-2):103-11. Midzi N, Mtapuri-Zinyowera S, Mapingure MP, Sangweme D, Chirehwa MT, Brouwer KC, Mudzori J, Hlerema G, Mutapi F, Kumar N, Mduluza T. PMID: 20175980.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    41. Healthcare barriers of refugees post-resettlement. J Community Health. 2009 Dec; 34(6):529-38. Morris MD, Popper ST, Rodwell TC, Brodine SK, Brouwer KC. PMID: 19705264.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 41     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    42. Parsing social network survey data from hidden populations using stochastic context-free grammars. PLoS One. 2009 Sep 07; 4(9):e6777. Poon AF, Brouwer KC, Strathdee SA, Firestone-Cruz M, Lozada RM, Pond SL, Heckathorn DD, Frost SD. PMID: 19738904.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    43. Influences of cross-border mobility on tuberculosis diagnoses and treatment interruption among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. Am J Public Health. 2009 Aug; 99(8):1491-5. Deiss R, Garfein RS, Lozada R, Burgos JL, Brouwer KC, Moser KS, Zuniga ML, Rodwell TC, Ojeda VD, Strathdee SA. PMID: 19542040.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    44. A tale of two cities: Social and environmental influences shaping risk factors and protective behaviors in two Mexico-US border cities. Health Place. 2009 Dec; 15(4):999-1005. Ramos R, Ferreira-Pinto JB, Brouwer KC, Ramos ME, Lozada RM, Firestone-Cruz M, Strathdee SA. PMID: 19464228.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    45. [Estimating the 2006 prevalence of HIV by gender and risk groups in Tijuana, Mexico]. Gac Med Mex. 2009 May-Jun; 145(3):189-95. Iñiguez-Stevens E, Brouwer KC, Hogg RS, Patterson TL, Lozada R, Magis-Rodríguez C, Elder JP, Viani RM, Strathdee SA. PMID: 19685824.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    46. Cross-border paid plasma donation among injection drug users in two Mexico-U.S. border cities. Int J Drug Policy. 2009 Sep; 20(5):409-12. Volkow P, Brouwer KC, Loza O, Ramos R, Lozada R, Garfein RS, Magis-Rodriguez C, Firestone-Cruz M, Strathdee SA. PMID: 19230645.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    47. Differential effects of migration and deportation on HIV infection among male and female injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. PLoS One. 2008 Jul 30; 3(7):e2690. Strathdee SA, Lozada R, Ojeda VD, Pollini RA, Brouwer KC, Vera A, Cornelius W, Nguyen L, Magis-Rodriguez C, Patterson TL. PMID: 18665250.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 70     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    48. The burden of polyparasitism among primary schoolchildren in rural and farming areas in Zimbabwe. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Oct; 102(10):1039-45. Midzi N, Sangweme D, Zinyowera S, Mapingure MP, Brouwer KC, Munatsi A, Mutapi F, Mudzori J, Kumar N, Woelk G, Mduluza T. PMID: 18656215.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 38     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    49. Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel treatment against Schistosoma haematobium infection among primary school children in Zimbabwe. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Aug; 102(8):759-66. Midzi N, Sangweme D, Zinyowera S, Mapingure MP, Brouwer KC, Kumar N, Mutapi F, Woelk G, Mduluza T. PMID: 18486169.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 30     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsPHPublic Health
    50. Shooting gallery attendance among IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico: correlates, prevention opportunities, and the role of the environment. AIDS Behav. 2008 Jul; 12(4):552-60. Philbin M, Pollini RA, Ramos R, Lozada R, Brouwer KC, Ramos ME, Firestone-Cruz M, Case P, Strathdee SA. PMID: 18369723.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    51. High-risk sexual and drug using behaviors among male injection drug users who have sex with men in 2 Mexico-US border cities. Sex Transm Dis. 2008 Mar; 35(3):243-9. Deiss RG, Brouwer KC, Loza O, Lozada RM, Ramos R, Cruz MA, Patterson TL, Heckathorn DD, Frost SD, Strathdee SA. PMID: 18046263.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    52. Deportation along the U.S.-Mexico border: its relation to drug use patterns and accessing care. J Immigr Minor Health. 2009 Feb; 11(1):1-6. Brouwer KC, Lozada R, Cornelius WA, Firestone Cruz M, Magis-Rodríguez C, Zúñiga de Nuncio ML, Strathdee SA. PMID: 18247117.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 48     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    53. At the borders, on the edge: use of injected methamphetamine in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. J Immigr Minor Health. 2008 Feb; 10(1):23-33. Case P, Patricia C, Ramos R, Brouwer KC, Firestone-Cruz M, Pollini RA, Fraga MA, Patterson TL, Strathdee SA. PMID: 17516170.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    54. Barriers and missed opportunities to HIV testing among injection drug users in two Mexico--US border cities. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008 Jan; 27(1):39-45. Moyer LB, Brouwer KC, Brodine SK, Ramos R, Lozada R, Cruz MF, Magis-Rodriguez C, Strathdee SA. PMID: 18034380.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
    55. Syringe possession arrests are associated with receptive syringe sharing in two Mexico-US border cities. Addiction. 2008 Jan; 103(1):101-8. Pollini RA, Brouwer KC, Lozada RM, Ramos R, Cruz MF, Magis-Rodriguez C, Case P, Burris S, Pu M, Frost SD, Palinkas LA, Miller C, Strathdee SA. PMID: 18028520.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 62     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    56. Injecting drug users' experiences of policing practices in two Mexican-U.S. border cities: public health perspectives. Int J Drug Policy. 2008 Aug; 19(4):324-31. Miller CL, Firestone M, Ramos R, Burris S, Ramos ME, Case P, Brouwer KC, Fraga MA, Strathdee SA. PMID: 17997089.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    57. Migration and transmission of blood-borne infections among injection drug users: understanding the epidemiologic bridge. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Oct 08; 90(2-3):107-19. Rachlis B, Brouwer KC, Mills EJ, Hayes M, Kerr T, Hogg RS. PMID: 17485179.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    58. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and HIV infection among injection drug users in two Mexican cities bordering the U.S. Salud Publica Mex. 2007 May-Jun; 49(3):165-72. White EF, Garfein RS, Brouwer KC, Lozada R, Ramos R, Firestone-Cruz M, Pérez SG, Magis-Rodríguez C, Conde-Glez CJ, Strathdee SA. PMID: 17589770.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    59. A qualitative exploration of gender in the context of injection drug use in two US-Mexico border cities. AIDS Behav. 2007 Mar; 11(2):253-62. Cruz MF, Mantsios A, Ramos R, Case P, Brouwer KC, Ramos ME, Fraga WD, Latkin CA, Miller CL, Strathdee SA. PMID: 16865542.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    60. Subclinical Plasmodium falciparum infection and HIV-1 viral load. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Feb; 13(2):351-3. Brouwer KC, Mirel LB, Yang C, Lal RB, Kolczak MS, Van Eijk AM, Ayisi J, Otieno JA, Nahlen BL, Steketee R, Shi YP, Lal AA. PMID: 17479917.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    61. First molecular surveillance report of HIV type 1 in injecting drug users and female sex workers along the U.S.-Mexico border. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2007 Feb; 23(2):331-4. Eyzaguirre L, Brouwer KC, Nadai Y, Patterson TL, Ramos R, Firestone Cruz M, Orozovich P, Strathdee SA, Carr JK. PMID: 17331041.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    62. Respondent-driven sampling of injection drug users in two U.S.-Mexico border cities: recruitment dynamics and impact on estimates of HIV and syphilis prevalence. J Urban Health. 2006 Nov; 83(6 Suppl):i83-97. Frost SD, Brouwer KC, Firestone Cruz MA, Ramos R, Ramos ME, Lozada RM, Magis-Rodriguez C, Strathdee SA. PMID: 17072761.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 64     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    63. Determining risk for severe leptospirosis by molecular analysis of environmental surface waters for pathogenic Leptospira. PLoS Med. 2006 Aug; 3(8):e308. Ganoza CA, Matthias MA, Collins-Richards D, Brouwer KC, Cunningham CB, Segura ER, Gilman RH, Gotuzzo E, Vinetz JM. PMID: 16933963.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 57     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
    64. Estimated numbers of men and women infected with HIV/AIDS in Tijuana, Mexico. J Urban Health. 2006 Mar; 83(2):299-307. Brouwer KC, Strathdee SA, Magis-Rodríguez C, Bravo-García E, Gayet C, Patterson TL, Bertozzi SM, Hogg RS. PMID: 16736378.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 63     Fields:    Translation:HumansPHPublic Health
    65. Trends in production, trafficking, and consumption of methamphetamine and cocaine in Mexico. Subst Use Misuse. 2006; 41(5):707-27. Brouwer KC, Case P, Ramos R, Magis-Rodríguez C, Bucardo J, Patterson TL, Strathdee SA. PMID: 16603456.
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    66. HIV prevalence and correlates of receptive needle sharing among injection drug users in the Mexican-U.s. border city of Tijuana. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2005 Sep; 37(3):333-9. Magis-Rodríguez C, Brouwer KC, Morales S, Gayet C, Lozada R, Ortiz-Mondragón R, Ricketts EP, Strathdee SA. PMID: 16295018.
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    67. "Vivo para consumirla y la consumo para vivir" ["I live to inject and inject to live"]: high-risk injection behaviors in Tijuana, Mexico. J Urban Health. 2005 Sep; 82(3 Suppl 4):iv58-73. Strathdee SA, Fraga WD, Case P, Firestone M, Brouwer KC, Perez SG, Magis C, Fraga MA. PMID: 16107441.
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    68. Historical trends in the production and consumption of illicit drugs in Mexico: implications for the prevention of blood borne infections. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005 Sep 01; 79(3):281-93. Bucardo J, Brouwer KC, Magis-Rodríguez C, Ramos R, Fraga M, Perez SG, Patterson TL, Strathdee SA. PMID: 16102372.
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    69. Polymorphism of Fc receptor IIa for immunoglobulin G is associated with placental malaria in HIV-1-positive women in western Kenya. J Infect Dis. 2004 Sep 15; 190(6):1192-8. Brouwer KC, Lal AA, Mirel LB, Otieno J, Ayisi J, Van Eijk AM, Lal RB, Steketee R, Nahlen BL, Shi YP. PMID: 15319871.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    70. Urinary schistosomiasis in Zimbabwean school children: predictors of morbidity. Afr Health Sci. 2004 Aug; 4(2):115-8. Brouwer KC, Munatsi A, Ndhlovu PD, Wagatsuma Y, Shiff CJ. PMID: 15477190.
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    71. Polymorphism of Fc receptor IIa for IgG in infants is associated with susceptibility to perinatal HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 2004 May 21; 18(8):1187-94. Brouwer KC, Lal RB, Mirel LB, Yang C, van Eijk AM, Ayisi J, Otieno J, Nahlen BL, Steketee R, Lal AA, Shi YP. PMID: 15166534.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    72. Urinary tract pathology attributed to Schistosoma haematobium: does parasite genetics play a role? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003 Apr; 68(4):456-62. Brouwer KC, Ndhlovu PD, Wagatsuma Y, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ. PMID: 12875296.
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    73. Epidemiological assessment of Schistosoma haematobium-induced kidney and bladder pathology in rural Zimbabwe. Acta Trop. 2003 Mar; 85(3):339-47. Brouwer KC, Ndhlovu PD, Wagatsuma Y, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ. PMID: 12659971.
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    74. Genetic diversity of a population of Schistosoma haematobium derived from schoolchildren in east central Zimbabwe. J Parasitol. 2001 Aug; 87(4):762-9. Brouwer KC, Ndhlovu P, Munatsi A, Shiff CJ. PMID: 11534639.
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    75. Schistosoma haematobium: population genetics of S. haematobium by direct measurement of parasite diversity using RAPD-PCR. Exp Parasitol. 2000 Sep; 96(1):47-51. Shiff C, Brouwer KC, Clow L. PMID: 11038320.
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