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David Welsh

Title(s)Emeritus Professor, Psychiatry
SchoolVc-health Sciences-schools
Address9500 Gilman Drive #
La Jolla CA 92093
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    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse overview
    NOTE: Dr. Welsh is now retired and no longer takes trainees.

    Biography
    Dr. Welsh earned his undergraduate degree at Stanford University, where he began a long-standing interest in circadian rhythms and sleep. In graduate work at Harvard Medical School, he discovered that individual brain cells can generate circadian rhythms. He received a Ph.D. in Neurobiology and an M.D. from Harvard in 1997, then completed a residency in general psychiatry at Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, in Pittsburgh. After two years as a postdoctoral research fellow, he joined the faculty of the UCSD Department of Psychiatry in 2003. He has been a Professor in the Department, and a Staff Psychiatrist at the VA San Diego Healthcare System. He is now retired.

    Research Interests
    In mammals, a hierarchical system of circadian clock cells in the brain and throughout the body orchestrates daily patterns of physiology and behavior. These daily patterns persist under constant conditions as "circadian rhythms". Dr. Welsh has studied circadian rhythms in single cells using bioluminescence imaging to monitor clock gene expression. He is interested in the autonomy, heterogeneity, and coupling of cellular circadian clocks, particularly the "master" clock cells of the brain, the neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. He is also interested in how defects in these mechanisms may contribute to sleep and circadian rhythm disorders in humans.

    Clinical Focus
    Dr. Welsh has been a Staff Psychiatrist at the VA San Diego Healthcare System. He practiced general adult psychiatry in the mood disorders clinic.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse research activities and funding
    Circadian dysfunction and Epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
    NIH RF1AG061831Feb 1, 2019 - Jan 31, 2024
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Circadian dysfunction and Epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
    NIH/NIA R01AG061831Feb 1, 2019 - Nov 30, 2023
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Cellular Circadian Clocks in Mood Disorders
    NIH I01BX001146Jan 1, 2012 - Mar 31, 2021
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Circadian Clock Cells: Autonomy Persistence and Calcium Dependence
    NIH R01MH082945Jun 1, 2008 - Jun 28, 2013
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Circadian Clock Cells: Autonomy, Coupling, and Subtypes
    NIH K08MH067657Apr 1, 2003 - Mar 31, 2008
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Correction: Life Course Stressors, Latent Coping Strategies, Alcohol Use, and Adherence among People with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2025 Feb; 29(2):600. Gill A, Clum G, Molina P, Welsh D, Ferguson T, Theall KP. PMID: 39692967; PMCID: PMC11813951.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    2. Pathways from violence exposure to medication non-adherence: exploration of mental health symptoms and coping in people living with HIV in the U.S. South. AIDS Care. 2025 Mar; 37(3):372-383. Clum G, Madkour AS, Judson J, Tokarz S, Smith E, Stojanovski K, Ferguson T, Welsh D, Molina P, Theall K. PMID: 39847686.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    3. Life Course Stressors, Latent Coping Strategies, Alcohol Use, and Adherence among People with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2025 Feb; 29(2):589-599. Gill A, Clum G, Molina P, Welsh D, Ferguson T, Theall KP. PMID: 39546146; PMCID: PMC11814058.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    4. Sustaining Lifelong Competency of Surgeons: Multimodality Empowerment Personal and Institutional Strategy. J Am Coll Surg. 2024 Aug 01; 239(2):187-189. Rosengart TK, Chen JH, Gantt NL, Angelos P, Warshaw AL, Rosen JE, Perrier ND, Kaups KL, Doherty GM, Zoumpou T, Ashley SW, Doscher W, Welsh D, Savarise M, Sutherland MJ, Sidawy AN, Kopelan AM. PMID: 38591782.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Circadian modulation by time-restricted feeding rescues brain pathology and improves memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Metab. 2023 10 03; 35(10):1704-1721.e6. Whittaker DS, Akhmetova L, Carlin D, Romero H, Welsh DK, Colwell CS, Desplats P. PMID: 37607543; PMCID: PMC10591997.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 39     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    6. Impact of Alcohol on Bone Health in People Living With HIV: Integrating Clinical Data From Serum Bone Markers With Morphometric Analysis in a Non-Human Primate Model. JBMR Plus. 2023 Jan; 7(1):e10703. Denys A, Norman A, Perrien DS, Suva LJ, Simon L, McDaniel LS, Ferguson T, Pedersen K, Welsh D, Molina PE, Ronis MJ. PMID: 36699637; PMCID: PMC9850440.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3  
    7. Seasonal changes in day length induce multisynaptic neurotransmitter switching to regulate hypothalamic network activity and behavior. Sci Adv. 2022 Sep 02; 8(35):eabn9867. Porcu A, Nilsson A, Booreddy S, Barnes SA, Welsh DK, Dulcis D. PMID: 36054362; PMCID: PMC10848959.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    
    8. Deletion of Six3 in post-proliferative neurons produces weakened SCN circadian output, improved metabolic function, and dwarfism in male mice. Mol Metab. 2022 03; 57:101431. Meadows JD, Breuer JA, Lavalle SN, Hirschenberger MR, Patel MM, Nguyen D, Kim A, Cassin J, Gorman MR, Welsh DK, Mellon PL, Hoffmann HM. PMID: 34974160; PMCID: PMC8810556.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    9. The transcription factors SIX3 and VAX1 are required for suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian output and fertility in female mice. J Neurosci Res. 2021 10; 99(10):2625-2645. Hoffmann HM, Meadows JD, Breuer JA, Yaw AM, Nguyen D, Tonsfeldt KJ, Chin AY, Devries BM, Trang C, Oosterhouse HJ, Lee JS, Doser JW, Gorman MR, Welsh DK, Mellon PL. PMID: 34212416; PMCID: PMC8577618.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    10. Factors associated with phosphatidylethanol (PEth) sensitivity for detecting unhealthy alcohol use: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 06; 45(6):1166-1187. Hahn JA, Murnane PM, Vittinghoff E, Muyindike WR, Emenyonu NI, Fatch R, Chamie G, Haberer JE, Francis JM, Kapiga S, Jacobson K, Myers B, Couture MC, DiClemente RJ, Brown JL, So-Armah K, Sulkowski M, Marcus GM, Woolf-King S, Cook RL, Richards VL, Molina P, Ferguson T, Welsh D, Piano MR, Phillips SA, Stewart S, Afshar M, Page K, McGinnis K, Fiellin DA, Justice AC, Bryant K, Saitz R. PMID: 33837975; PMCID: PMC8254773.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. Circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder patient-derived neurons predict lithium response: preliminary studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2021 07; 26(7):3383-3394. Mishra HK, Ying NM, Luis A, Wei H, Nguyen M, Nakhla T, Vandenburgh S, Alda M, Berrettini WH, Brennand KJ, Calabrese JR, Coryell WH, Frye MA, Gage FH, Gershon ES, McInnis MG, Nievergelt CM, Nurnberger JI, Shilling PD, Oedegaard KJ, Zandi PP, Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder Study, Kelsoe JR, Welsh DK, McCarthy MJ. PMID: 33674753; PMCID: PMC8418615.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    12. Collection of Mouse Brain Slices for Bioluminescence Imaging of Circadian Clock Networks. Methods Mol Biol. 2021; 2130:287-294. Evans JA, Welsh DK, Davidson AJ. PMID: 33284452.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    13. Vulnerability to helpless behavior is regulated by the circadian clock component CRYPTOCHROME in the mouse nucleus accumbens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 06 16; 117(24):13771-13782. Porcu A, Vaughan M, Nilsson A, Arimoto N, Lamia K, Welsh DK. PMID: 32487727; PMCID: PMC7306774.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    14. Effects of BMAL1 Manipulation on the Brain's Master Circadian Clock and Behavior. Yale J Biol Med. 2019 06; 92(2):251-258. Haque SN, Booreddy SR, Welsh DK. PMID: 31249486; PMCID: PMC6585533.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    15. Chronotype and cellular circadian rhythms predict the clinical response to lithium maintenance treatment in patients with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019 02; 44(3):620-628. McCarthy MJ, Wei H, Nievergelt CM, Stautland A, Maihofer AX, Welsh DK, Shilling P, Alda M, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Anand A, Andreasson OA, Balaraman Y, Berrettini WH, Bertram H, Brennand KJ, Calabrese JR, Calkin CV, Claasen A, Conroy C, Coryell WH, Craig DW, D'Arcangelo N, Demodena A, Djurovic S, Feeder S, Fisher C, Frazier N, Frye MA, Gage FH, Gao K, Garnham J, Gershon ES, Glazer K, Goes F, Goto T, Harrington G, Jakobsen P, Kamali M, Karberg E, Kelly M, Leckband SG, Lohoff F, McInnis MG, Mondimore F, Morken G, Nurnberger JI, Obral S, Oedegaard KJ, Ortiz A, Ritchey M, Ryan K, Schinagle M, Schoeyen H, Schwebel C, Shaw M, Shekhtman T, Slaney C, Stapp E, Szelinger S, Tarwater B, Zandi PP, Kelsoe JR. PMID: 30487653; PMCID: PMC6333516.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 51     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    16. Prospects for circadian treatment of mood disorders. Ann Med. 2018 12; 50(8):637-654. Hühne A, Welsh DK, Landgraf D. PMID: 30265156.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. Circadian rhythm bifurcation induces flexible phase resetting by reducing circadian amplitude. Eur J Neurosci. 2020 06; 51(12):2329-2342. Noguchi T, Harrison EM, Sun J, May D, Ng A, Welsh DK, Gorman MR. PMID: 30044021.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    18. Acid Suspends the Circadian Clock in Hypoxia through Inhibition of mTOR. Cell. 2018 06 28; 174(1):72-87.e32. Walton ZE, Patel CH, Brooks RC, Yu Y, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Riddle M, Porcu A, Jiang T, Ecker BL, Tameire F, Koumenis C, Weeraratna AT, Welsh DK, Gillies R, Alwine JC, Zhang L, Powell JD, Dang CV. PMID: 29861175; PMCID: PMC6398937.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 127     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    19. Long-term in vivo recording of circadian rhythms in brains of freely moving mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 04 17; 115(16):4276-4281. Mei L, Fan Y, Lv X, Welsh DK, Zhan C, Zhang EE. PMID: 29610316; PMCID: PMC5910830.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 40     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    20. Photoperiod-Induced Neuroplasticity in the Circadian System. Neural Plast. 2018; 2018:5147585. Porcu A, Riddle M, Dulcis D, Welsh DK. PMID: 29681926; PMCID: PMC5851158.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    21. Increasing temperature decreases the predatory effect of the intertidal shanny Lipophrys pholis on an amphipod prey. J Fish Biol. 2018 Jan; 92(1):150-164. South J, Welsh D, Anton A, Sigwart JD, Dick JTA. PMID: 29139120.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    22. Calcium Circadian Rhythmicity in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Modulation. eNeuro. 2017 Jul-Aug; 4(4). Noguchi T, Leise TL, Kingsbury NJ, Diemer T, Wang LL, Henson MA, Welsh DK. PMID: 28828400; PMCID: PMC5562299.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 40     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    23. Cellular circadian oscillators in the suprachiasmatic nucleus remain coupled in the absence of connexin-36. Neuroscience. 2017 08 15; 357:1-11. Diemer T, Landgraf D, Noguchi T, Pan H, Moreno JL, Welsh DK. PMID: 28576728; PMCID: PMC5556374.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    24. Enhancing circadian clock function in cancer cells inhibits tumor growth. BMC Biol. 2017 02 14; 15(1):13. Kiessling S, Beaulieu-Laroche L, Blum ID, Landgraf D, Welsh DK, Storch KF, Labrecque N, Cermakian N. PMID: 28196531; PMCID: PMC5310078.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 94     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    25. Cardiomyocyte Circadian Oscillations Are Cell-Autonomous, Amplified by β-Adrenergic Signaling, and Synchronized in Cardiac Ventricle Tissue. PLoS One. 2016; 11(7):e0159618. Beesley S, Noguchi T, Welsh DK. PMID: 27459195; PMCID: PMC4961434.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    26. Functional Contributions of Strong and Weak Cellular Oscillators to Synchrony and Light-shifted Phase Dynamics. J Biol Rhythms. 2016 08; 31(4):337-51. Roberts L, Leise TL, Welsh DK, Holmes TC. PMID: 27221103.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    27. Disinhibition of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase restores the amplification of circadian rhythms by lithium in cells from bipolar disorder patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016 08; 26(8):1310-9. McCarthy MJ, Wei H, Landgraf D, Le Roux MJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 27216486.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    28. The mood stabilizer valproic acid opposes the effects of dopamine on circadian rhythms. Neuropharmacology. 2016 08; 107:262-270. Landgraf D, Joiner WJ, McCarthy MJ, Kiessling S, Barandas R, Young JW, Cermakian N, Welsh DK. PMID: 27033596.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    29. Genetic Disruption of Circadian Rhythms in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Causes Helplessness, Behavioral Despair, and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice. Biol Psychiatry. 2016 12 01; 80(11):827-835. Landgraf D, Long JE, Proulx CD, Barandas R, Malinow R, Welsh DK. PMID: 27113500; PMCID: PMC5102810.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 95     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    30. Erratum: Cellular Bioluminescence Imaging. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2016 Mar 01; 2016(3):pdb.err091751. Welsh DK, Noguchi T. PMID: 26933240.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    31. Lithium effects on circadian rhythms in fibroblasts and suprachiasmatic nucleus slices from Cry knockout mice. Neurosci Lett. 2016 Apr 21; 619:49-53. Noguchi T, Lo K, Diemer T, Welsh DK. PMID: 26930624; PMCID: PMC5139912.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    32. NPAS2 Compensates for Loss of CLOCK in Peripheral Circadian Oscillators. PLoS Genet. 2016 Feb; 12(2):e1005882. Landgraf D, Wang LL, Diemer T, Welsh DK. PMID: 26895328; PMCID: PMC4760943.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 52     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    33. Circadian Clocks as Modulators of Metabolic Comorbidity in Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015 Dec; 17(12):98. Barandas R, Landgraf D, McCarthy MJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 26483181.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Depression-like behaviour in mice is associated with disrupted circadian rhythms in nucleus accumbens and periaqueductal grey. Eur J Neurosci. 2016 05; 43(10):1309-20. Landgraf D, Long JE, Welsh DK. PMID: 26414405.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    35. Calcium channel genes associated with bipolar disorder modulate lithium's amplification of circadian rhythms. Neuropharmacology. 2016 Feb; 101:439-48. McCarthy MJ, Le Roux MJ, Wei H, Beesley S, Kelsoe JR, Welsh DK. PMID: 26476274; PMCID: PMC4681663.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    36. Chronic Binge Alcohol Administration Increases Intestinal T-Cell Proliferation and Turnover in Rhesus Macaques. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Aug; 39(8):1373-9. Veazey RS, Amedee A, Wang X, Bernice Kaack M, Porretta C, Dufour J, Welsh D, Happel K, Pahar B, Molina PE, Nelson S, Bagby GJ. PMID: 26146859; PMCID: PMC4515194.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    37. Photoperiodic and circadian bifurcation theories of depression and mania. F1000Res. 2015; 4:107. Kripke DF, Elliott JA, Welsh DK, Youngstedt SD. PMID: 26180634; PMCID: PMC4490783.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    
    38. Dissociation of learned helplessness and fear conditioning in mice: a mouse model of depression. PLoS One. 2015; 10(4):e0125892. Landgraf D, Long J, Der-Avakian A, Streets M, Welsh DK. PMID: 25928892; PMCID: PMC4416012.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    39. Light evokes rapid circadian network oscillator desynchrony followed by gradual phase retuning of synchrony. Curr Biol. 2015 Mar 30; 25(7):858-67. Roberts L, Leise TL, Noguchi T, Galschiodt AM, Houl JH, Welsh DK, Holmes TC. PMID: 25754644; PMCID: PMC4399721.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 35     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    40. Circadian clock and stress interactions in the molecular biology of psychiatric disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014 Oct; 16(10):483. Landgraf D, McCarthy MJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 25135782.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 79     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    41. Cell type-specific functions of period genes revealed by novel adipocyte and hepatocyte circadian clock models. PLoS Genet. 2014 Apr; 10(4):e1004244. Ramanathan C, Xu H, Khan SK, Shen Y, Gitis PJ, Welsh DK, Hogenesch JB, Liu AC. PMID: 24699442; PMCID: PMC3974647.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 48     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    42. The role of the circadian clock in animal models of mood disorders. Behav Neurosci. 2014 Jun; 128(3):344-59. Landgraf D, McCarthy MJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 24660657.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 32     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    43. Genetic and clinical factors predict lithium's effects on PER2 gene expression rhythms in cells from bipolar disorder patients. Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Oct 22; 3:e318. McCarthy MJ, Wei H, Marnoy Z, Darvish RM, McPhie DL, Cohen BM, Welsh DK. PMID: 24150227; PMCID: PMC3818008.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 67     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    44. Fibroblast PER2 circadian rhythmicity depends on cell density. J Biol Rhythms. 2013 Jun; 28(3):183-92. Noguchi T, Wang LL, Welsh DK. PMID: 23735497; PMCID: PMC3760388.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    45. Circadian clock period inversely correlates with illness severity in cells from patients with alcohol use disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013 Aug; 37(8):1304-10. McCarthy MJ, Fernandes M, Kranzler HR, Covault JM, Welsh DK. PMID: 23550834; PMCID: PMC3706548.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    46. Cry1-/- circadian rhythmicity depends on SCN intercellular coupling. J Biol Rhythms. 2012 Dec; 27(6):443-52. Evans JA, Pan H, Liu AC, Welsh DK. PMID: 23223370; PMCID: PMC3578226.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    47. Cellular circadian clocks in mood disorders. J Biol Rhythms. 2012 Oct; 27(5):339-52. McCarthy MJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 23010657.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 106     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    48. Bayesian statistical analysis of circadian oscillations in fibroblasts. J Theor Biol. 2012 Dec 07; 314:182-91. Cohen AL, Leise TL, Welsh DK. PMID: 22982138; PMCID: PMC3478438.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    49. Cellular bioluminescence imaging. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2012 Aug 01; 2012(8). Welsh DK, Noguchi T. PMID: 22854570.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 42     Fields:    
    50. Identification of small molecule activators of cryptochrome. Science. 2012 Aug 31; 337(6098):1094-7. Hirota T, Lee JW, St John PC, Sawa M, Iwaisako K, Noguchi T, Pongsawakul PY, Sonntag T, Welsh DK, Brenner DA, Doyle FJ, Schultz PG, Kay SA. PMID: 22798407; PMCID: PMC3589997.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 263     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    51. Fibroblast circadian rhythms of PER2 expression depend on membrane potential and intracellular calcium. Chronobiol Int. 2012 Jul; 29(6):653-64. Noguchi T, Wang CW, Pan H, Welsh DK. PMID: 22734566; PMCID: PMC3491983.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    52. Persistent cell-autonomous circadian oscillations in fibroblasts revealed by six-week single-cell imaging of PER2::LUC bioluminescence. PLoS One. 2012; 7(3):e33334. Leise TL, Wang CW, Gitis PJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 22479387; PMCID: PMC3315561.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 53     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    53. A survey of genomic studies supports association of circadian clock genes with bipolar disorder spectrum illnesses and lithium response. PLoS One. 2012; 7(2):e32091. McCarthy MJ, Nievergelt CM, Kelsoe JR, Welsh DK. PMID: 22384149; PMCID: PMC3285204.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 79     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    54. Functional genetic variation in the Rev-Erbα pathway and lithium response in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Genes Brain Behav. 2011 Nov; 10(8):852-61. McCarthy MJ, Nievergelt CM, Shekhtman T, Kripke DF, Welsh DK, Kelsoe JR. PMID: 21781277; PMCID: PMC3461952.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 32     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    55. Wavelet measurement suggests cause of period instability in mammalian circadian neurons. J Biol Rhythms. 2011 Aug; 26(4):353-62. Meeker K, Harang R, Webb AB, Welsh DK, Doyle FJ, Bonnet G, Herzog ED, Petzold LR. PMID: 21775294; PMCID: PMC3472003.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    56. Characterization of orderly spatiotemporal patterns of clock gene activation in mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus. Eur J Neurosci. 2011 May; 33(10):1851-65. Foley NC, Tong TY, Foley D, Lesauter J, Welsh DK, Silver R. PMID: 21488990; PMCID: PMC3423955.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 41     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    57. Duplications of the neuropeptide receptor gene VIPR2 confer significant risk for schizophrenia. Nature. 2011 Mar 24; 471(7339):499-503. Vacic V, McCarthy S, Malhotra D, Murray F, Chou HH, Peoples A, Makarov V, Yoon S, Bhandari A, Corominas R, Iakoucheva LM, Krastoshevsky O, Krause V, Larach-Walters V, Welsh DK, Craig D, Kelsoe JR, Gershon ES, Leal SM, Dell Aquila M, Morris DW, Gill M, Corvin A, Insel PA, McClellan J, King MC, Karayiorgou M, Levy DL, DeLisi LE, Sebat J. PMID: 21346763; PMCID: PMC3351382.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 168     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    58. Emergence of noise-induced oscillations in the central circadian pacemaker. PLoS Biol. 2010 Oct 12; 8(10):e1000513. Ko CH, Yamada YR, Welsh DK, Buhr ED, Liu AC, Zhang EE, Ralph MR, Kay SA, Forger DB, Takahashi JS. PMID: 20967239; PMCID: PMC2953532.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 115     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    59. Suprachiasmatic nucleus: cell autonomy and network properties. Annu Rev Physiol. 2010; 72:551-77. Welsh DK, Takahashi JS, Kay SA. PMID: 20148688; PMCID: PMC3758475.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 572     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    60. Quantification of circadian rhythms in single cells. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009 Nov; 5(11):e1000580. Westermark PO, Welsh DK, Okamura H, Herzel H. PMID: 19956762; PMCID: PMC2776301.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 41     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    61. A model of the cell-autonomous mammalian circadian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jul 07; 106(27):11107-12. Mirsky HP, Liu AC, Welsh DK, Kay SA, Doyle FJ. PMID: 19549830; PMCID: PMC2699375.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 92     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    62. Expression of the circadian clock gene Period2 in the hippocampus: possible implications for synaptic plasticity and learned behaviour. ASN Neuro. 2009 Jun 10; 1(3). Wang LM, Dragich JM, Kudo T, Odom IH, Welsh DK, O'Dell TJ, Colwell CS. PMID: 19570032; PMCID: PMC2695588.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 107     Fields:    
    63. Redundant function of REV-ERBalpha and beta and non-essential role for Bmal1 cycling in transcriptional regulation of intracellular circadian rhythms. PLoS Genet. 2008 Feb 29; 4(2):e1000023. Liu AC, Tran HG, Zhang EE, Priest AA, Welsh DK, Kay SA. PMID: 18454201; PMCID: PMC2265523.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 234     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    64. Reciprocity between phase shifts and amplitude changes in the mammalian circadian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 18; 104(51):20356-61. Pulivarthy SR, Tanaka N, Welsh DK, De Haro L, Verma IM, Panda S. PMID: 18077393; PMCID: PMC2154435.
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    65. Beyond intuitive modeling: combining biophysical models with innovative experiments to move the circadian clock field forward. J Biol Rhythms. 2007 Jun; 22(3):200-10. Forger D, Gonze D, Virshup D, Welsh DK. PMID: 17517910.
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    66. Intercellular coupling confers robustness against mutations in the SCN circadian clock network. Cell. 2007 May 04; 129(3):605-16. Liu AC, Welsh DK, Ko CH, Tran HG, Zhang EE, Priest AA, Buhr ED, Singer O, Meeker K, Verma IM, Doyle FJ, Takahashi JS, Kay SA. PMID: 17482552; PMCID: PMC3749832.
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    67. Gate cells see the light. J Biol Rhythms. 2007 Feb; 22(1):26-8. Welsh DK. PMID: 17229922.
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    68. VIP activates and couples clock cells. Focus on "Disrupted neuronal activity rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-deficient mice". J Neurophysiol. 2007 Mar; 97(3):1885-6. Welsh DK. PMID: 17251373.
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    69. Exploring spatiotemporal organization of SCN circuits. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2007; 72:527-41. Yan L, Karatsoreos I, Lesauter J, Welsh DK, Kay S, Foley D, Silver R. PMID: 18419312; PMCID: PMC3281753.
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    70. Feedback repression is required for mammalian circadian clock function. Nat Genet. 2006 Mar; 38(3):312-9. Sato TK, Yamada RG, Ukai H, Baggs JE, Miraglia LJ, Kobayashi TJ, Welsh DK, Kay SA, Ueda HR, Hogenesch JB. PMID: 16474406; PMCID: PMC1994933.
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    71. Bioluminescence imaging in living organisms. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2005 Feb; 16(1):73-8. Welsh DK, Kay SA. PMID: 15722018.
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    72. Real-time reporting of circadian-regulated gene expression by luciferase imaging in plants and mammalian cells. Methods Enzymol. 2005; 393:269-88. Welsh DK, Imaizumi T, Kay SA. PMID: 15817294.
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    73. Bioluminescence imaging of individual fibroblasts reveals persistent, independently phased circadian rhythms of clock gene expression. Curr Biol. 2004 Dec 29; 14(24):2289-95. Welsh DK, Yoo SH, Liu AC, Takahashi JS, Kay SA. PMID: 15620658; PMCID: PMC3777438.
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    74. The role of chronobiology in sleep disorders medicine. Sleep Med Rev. 2003 Dec; 7(6):455-73. Monk TH, Welsh DK. PMID: 15018090.
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    75. A sleep diary and questionnaire study of naturally short sleepers. J Sleep Res. 2001 Sep; 10(3):173-9. Monk TH, Buysse DJ, Welsh DK, Kennedy KS, Rose LR. PMID: 11696070.
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    76. Genome-wide gene expression profiles of the developing mouse hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jul 17; 98(15):8862-7. Mody M, Cao Y, Cui Z, Tay KY, Shyong A, Shimizu E, Pham K, Schultz P, Welsh D, Tsien JZ. PMID: 11438693; PMCID: PMC37526.
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    77. Gap junctions couple astrocytes but not neurons in dissociated cultures of rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain Res. 1996 Jan 08; 706(1):30-6. Welsh DK, Reppert SM. PMID: 8720489.
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    78. Individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phased circadian firing rhythms. Neuron. 1995 Apr; 14(4):697-706. Welsh DK, Logothetis DE, Meister M, Reppert SM. PMID: 7718233.
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    79. Lithium lengthens circadian period in a diurnal primate, Saimiri sciureus. Biol Psychiatry. 1990 Jul 15; 28(2):117-26. Welsh DK, Moore-Ede MC. PMID: 2116188.
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    80. Aluminum fluoride reveals a phosphoinositide system within the suprachiasmatic region of rat hypothalamus. Brain Res. 1990 Jan 22; 507(2):181-8. Nadakavukaren JJ, Welsh DK, Reppert SM. PMID: 2159821.
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    81. Effect of running wheel availability on circadian patterns of sleep and wakefulness in mice. Physiol Behav. 1988; 43(6):771-77. Welsh D, Richardson GS, Dement WC. PMID: 3237790.
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    82. Effect of age on the circadian pattern of sleep and wakefulness in the mouse. J Gerontol. 1986 Sep; 41(5):579-86. Welsh DK, Richardson GS, Dement WC. PMID: 3745812.
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    83. Precision of circadian wake and activity onset timing in the mouse. J Comp Physiol A. 1986 Jun; 158(6):827-34. Welsh DK, Engel EM, Richardson GS, Dement WC, Engle EM. PMID: 3735167.
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    84. Regular 48-hour cycling of sleep duration and mood in a 35-year-old woman: use of lithium in time isolation. Biol Psychiatry. 1986 May; 21(5-6):527-37. Welsh DK, Nino-Murcia G, Gander PH, Keenan S, Dement WC. PMID: 3083878.
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    85. A circadian rhythm of hippocampal theta activity in the mouse. Physiol Behav. 1985 Oct; 35(4):533-8. Welsh DK, Richardson GS, Dement WC. PMID: 4070426.
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