Karl Hostetler

Title(s)Recall Faculty, Medicine
SchoolVc-health Sciences-schools
Address9500 Gilman Drive #
La Jolla CA 92093
ORCID ORCID Icon0000-0002-1155-2885 Additional info
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Collapse Biography 
Collapse Education and Training
DePauw University, GreencastleBS1961Chemistry
Western Reserve University SOM, ClevelandMD1965Medicine
Collapse Awards and Honors
International Society for Antiviral Research2012Gertrude Elion Memorial Award
John Simon Guggenheim Foundation2008Fellow

Collapse Research 
Collapse Research Activities and Funding
Revising Anti-coronavirus Compounds to Enhance Activity and Optimize Delivery
NIH R01AI161348Sep 1, 2021 - Aug 31, 2024
Role: Co-Principal Investigator
Optimization of HPMPA and CDV Analogs for Treatment of Smallpox
NIH R01AI074057Apr 15, 2008 - Mar 31, 2013
Role: Principal Investigator
POTENT NEW NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS FOR DRUG RESISTANT HIV
NIH R01AI071803Apr 1, 2007 - Mar 31, 2013
Role: Principal Investigator
Lung-Targeted Poxivirus Antivirals
NIH R21AI064615Jul 1, 2005 - Jun 30, 2008
Role: Principal Investigator
ANALOGS OF HPMPA FOR TREATMENT OF SMALLPOX
NIH R01AI066499Apr 1, 2005 - Sep 30, 2007
Role: Principal Investigator
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Collapse Featured Publications

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Collapse Publications
Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
  1. Oral pharmacokinetics and efficacy of oral phospholipid remdesivir nucleoside prodrugs against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2024 10 08; 68(10):e0103924. Carlin AF, Beadle JR, Ardanuy J, Clark AE, Rhodes V, Garretson AF, Murphy JA, Valiaeva N, Schooley RT, Frieman MB, Hostetler KY. PMID: 39240093; PMCID: PMC11459966.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  2. Enhanced broad spectrum in vitro antiviral efficacy of 3-F-4-MeO-Bn, 3-CN, and 4-CN derivatives of lipid remdesivir nucleoside monophosphate prodrugs. Antiviral Res. 2023 11; 219:105718. McMillan RE, Lo MK, Zhang XQ, Beadle JR, Valiaeva N, Garretson AF, Clark AE, Freshman JE, Murphy J, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Schooley RT, Hostetler KY, Carlin AF. PMID: 37758067; PMCID: PMC10790242.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    
  3. 1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phospho-GS-441524 (V2043). Evaluation of Oral V2043 in a Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Additional Phospholipid Esters with Enhanced Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity. J Med Chem. 2023 04 27; 66(8):5802-5819. Carlin AF, Beadle JR, Clark AE, Gully KL, Moreira FR, Baric RS, Graham RL, Valiaeva N, Leibel SL, Bray W, McMillan RE, Freshman JE, Garretson AF, McVicar RN, Rana T, Zhang XQ, Murphy JA, Schooley RT, Hostetler KY. PMID: 37040439; PMCID: PMC10108740.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  4. Broad-Spectrum In Vitro Antiviral Activity of ODBG-P-RVn: An Orally-Available, Lipid-Modified Monophosphate Prodrug of Remdesivir Parent Nucleoside (GS-441524). Microbiol Spectr. 2021 12 22; 9(3):e0153721. Lo MK, Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Chatterjee P, Flint M, Beadle JR, Valiaeva N, Murphy J, Schooley RT, Hostetler KY, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF. PMID: 34817209; PMCID: PMC8612139.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  5. Broad-spectrum in vitro antiviral activity of ODBG-P-RVn: an orally-available, lipid-modified monophosphate prodrug of remdesivir parent nucleoside (GS-441524). bioRxiv. 2021 Aug 10. Lo MK, Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Chatterjee P, Flint M, Beadle JR, Valiaeva N, Schooley RT, Hostetler KY, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou C. PMID: 34401879; PMCID: PMC8366795.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions:
  6. Rethinking Remdesivir: Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Lipid Prodrugs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2021 09 17; 65(10):e0115521. Schooley RT, Carlin AF, Beadle JR, Valiaeva N, Zhang XQ, Clark AE, McMillan RE, Leibel SL, McVicar RN, Xie J, Garretson AF, Smith VI, Murphy J, Hostetler KY. PMID: 34310217; PMCID: PMC8448143.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 40     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  7. Rethinking Remdesivir: Synthesis, Antiviral Activity and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Lipid Prodrugs. bioRxiv. 2021 Jun 07. Schooley RT, Carlin AF, Beadle JR, Valiaeva N, Zhang XQ, Clark AE, McMillan RE, Leibel SL, McVicar RN, Xie J, Garretson AF, Smith VI, Murphy J, Hostetler KY. PMID: 32869033; PMCID: PMC7457622.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
  8. Octadecyloxyethyl benzyl tenofovir: A novel tenofovir diester provides sustained intracellular levels of tenofovir diphosphate. Antiviral Res. 2019 11; 171:104614. Beadle JR, Aldern KA, Zhang XQ, Valiaeva N, Hostetler KY, Schooley RT. PMID: 31550449; PMCID: PMC6927535.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  9. Octadecyloxyethyl Adefovir Exhibits Potent in vitro and in vivo Cytotoxic Activity and Has Synergistic Effects with Ara-C in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Chemotherapy. 2018; 63(4):225-237. Khoury H, He R, Schimmer A, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Minden MD. PMID: 30372692.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  10. Inhibition of adenovirus serotype 14 infection by octadecyloxyethyl esters of (S)-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]- nucleosides in vitro. Antiviral Res. 2018 10; 158:122-126. Kumaki Y, Woolcott JD, Roth JP, Mclean TZ, Smee DF, Barnard DL, Valiaeva N, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY. PMID: 30096340.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsPHPublic Health
  11. Evaluation of ODE-Bn-PMEG, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate prodrug, as an antiviral against productive HPV infection in 3D organotypic epithelial cultures. Antiviral Res. 2018 02; 150:164-173. Banerjee NS, Wang HK, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Chow LT. PMID: 29287913; PMCID: PMC5800947.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  12. A novel lipid prodrug strategy for sustained delivery of hexadecyloxypropyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (HDP-PMEG) on unwanted ocular proliferation. Drug Deliv. 2017 Nov; 24(1):1703-1712. Chen M, Hou J, Tan G, Xie P, Freeman WR, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Cheng L. PMID: 29115885; PMCID: PMC8241053.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Animals
  13. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Octadecyloxyethyl Benzyl 9-[(2-Phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (ODE-Bn-PMEG), a Potent Inhibitor of Transient HPV DNA Amplification. J Med Chem. 2016 12 08; 59(23):10470-10478. Beadle JR, Valiaeva N, Yang G, Yu JH, Broker TR, Aldern KA, Harden EA, Keith KA, Prichard MN, Hartman T, Buckheit RW, Chow LT, Hostetler KY. PMID: 27933957.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  14. Micelle formulation of hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (HDP-CDV) as an intravitreal long-lasting delivery system. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2015 Jan; 89:271-9. Ma F, Nan K, Lee S, Beadle JR, Hou H, Freeman WR, Hostetler KY, Cheng L. PMID: 25513956; PMCID: PMC4355386.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  15. Novel mutations in the gene encoding very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase identified in patients with partial carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency. Muscle Nerve. 2013 Feb; 47(2):224-9. Isackson PJ, Sutton KA, Hostetler KY, Vladutiu GD. PMID: 23169530.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
  16. A novel cytarabine crystalline lipid prodrug: hexadecyloxypropyl cytarabine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Mol Vis. 2012; 18:1907-17. Kim JS, Beadle JR, Freeman WR, Hostetler KY, Hartmann K, Valiaeva N, Kozak I, Conner L, Trahan J, Aldern KA, Cheng L. PMID: 22876115; PMCID: PMC3413433.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  17. Intraocular safety and pharmacokinetics of hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (HDP-CDV) as a long-lasting intravitreal antiviral drug. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Dec 09; 52(13):9391-6. Wang H, Chhablani J, Freeman WR, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Hartmann K, Conner L, Aldern KA, Pearson L, Cheng L. PMID: 22058340; PMCID: PMC3250264.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  18. Inhibition of HIV-1 by octadecyloxyethyl esters of (S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] nucleosides and evaluation of their mechanism of action. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Nov; 55(11):5063-72. Magee WC, Valiaeva N, Beadle JR, Richman DD, Hostetler KY, Evans DH. PMID: 21896914; PMCID: PMC3195056.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  19. Application of kinase bypass strategies to nucleoside antivirals. Antiviral Res. 2011 Nov; 92(2):277-91. Ray AS, Hostetler KY. PMID: 21878354.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
  20. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 9-(S)-[3-alkoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]nucleoside alkoxyalkyl esters: inhibitors of hepatitis C virus and HIV-1 replication. Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Aug 01; 19(15):4616-25. Valiaeva N, Wyles DL, Schooley RT, Hwu JB, Beadle JR, Prichard MN, Hostetler KY. PMID: 21719300; PMCID: PMC3139790.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  21. Synthesis, metabolic stability and antiviral evaluation of various alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir and 9-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine. Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 May 01; 19(9):2950-8. Ruiz J, Beadle JR, Buller RM, Schreiwer J, Prichard MN, Keith KA, Lewis KC, Hostetler KY. PMID: 21493074; PMCID: PMC3104040.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  22. Antiproliferative property of hexadecyloxypropyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy) ethyl] guanine (HDP-PMEG) for unwanted ocular proliferation. Mol Vis. 2011 Mar 02; 17:627-37. Hou J, Li Y, Zhou Z, Valiaeva N, Beadle JR, Hostetler K, Freeman WR, Hu DN, Chen H, Cheng L. PMID: 21386925; PMCID: PMC3049735.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  23. Intraocular pharmacokinetics of a crystalline lipid prodrug, octadecyloxyethyl-cyclic-cidofovir, for cytomegalovirus retinitis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2011 Apr; 27(2):157-62. Cheng L, Beadle JR, Tammewar A, Hostetler KY, Hoh C, Freeman WR. PMID: 21351867; PMCID: PMC3078534.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Animals
  24. Solution structure of a DNA duplex containing the potent anti-poxvirus agent cidofovir. J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Feb 23; 133(7):2264-74. Julien O, Beadle JR, Magee WC, Chatterjee S, Hostetler KY, Evans DH, Sykes BD. PMID: 21280608; PMCID: PMC3051402.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Cells
  25. Oral hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir therapy in pregnant guinea pigs improves outcome in the congenital model of cytomegalovirus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Jan; 55(1):35-41. Bravo FJ, Bernstein DI, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Cardin RD. PMID: 21078944; PMCID: PMC3019685.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Animals
  26. Synthesis and early development of hexadecyloxypropylcidofovir: an oral antipoxvirus nucleoside phosphonate. Viruses. 2010 Oct; 2(10):2213-2225. Hostetler KY. PMID: 21994617; PMCID: PMC3185567.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    
  27. Antiproliferative effects of octadecyloxyethyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine against Me-180 human cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Chemotherapy. 2010; 56(1):54-9. Valiaeva N, Trahan J, Aldern KA, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY. PMID: 20215748; PMCID: PMC2914419.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  28. Antiviral evaluation of octadecyloxyethyl esters of (S)-3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl nucleosides against herpesviruses and orthopoxviruses. Antiviral Res. 2009 Dec; 84(3):254-9. Valiaeva N, Prichard MN, Buller RM, Beadle JR, Hartline CB, Keith KA, Schriewer J, Trahan J, Hostetler KY. PMID: 19800369; PMCID: PMC2787864.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  29. Antischistosomal activity of hexadecyloxypropyl cyclic 9-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine and other alkoxyalkyl esters of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates assessed by schistosome worm killing in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Dec; 53(12):5284-7. Botros SS, William S, Beadle JR, Valiaeva N, Hostetler KY. PMID: 19704122; PMCID: PMC2786359.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  30. Intravitreal crystalline drug delivery for intraocular proliferation diseases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Jan; 51(1):474-81. Cheng L, Hostetler K, Valiaeva N, Tammewar A, Freeman WR, Beadle J, Bartsch DU, Aldern K, Falkenstein I. PMID: 19696179; PMCID: PMC2869063.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  31. Alkoxyalkyl prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates enhance oral antiviral activity and reduce toxicity: current state of the art. Antiviral Res. 2009 May; 82(2):A84-98. Hostetler KY. PMID: 19425198; PMCID: PMC2768545.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 108     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCellsCTClinical Trials
  32. Alkoxyalkyl esters of 9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl) adenine are potent and selective inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro and in HBV transgenic mice in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Jul; 53(7):2865-70. Morrey JD, Korba BE, Beadle JR, Wyles DL, Hostetler KY. PMID: 19398648; PMCID: PMC2704649.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  33. The octadecyloxyethyl ester of (S)-9-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy) propyl]adenine is a potent and selective inhibitor of hepatitis C virus replication in genotype 1A, 1B, and 2A replicons. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Jun; 53(6):2660-2. Wyles DL, Kaihara KA, Korba BE, Schooley RT, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY. PMID: 19289518; PMCID: PMC2687240.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:Cells
  34. Inhibition of herpesvirus replication by hexadecyloxypropyl esters of purine- and pyrimidine-based phosphonomethoxyethyl nucleoside phosphonates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Dec; 52(12):4326-30. Prichard MN, Hartline CB, Harden EA, Daily SL, Beadle JR, Valiaeva N, Kern ER, Hostetler KY. PMID: 18852272; PMCID: PMC2592848.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  35. Effect of oral treatment with (S)-HPMPA, HDP-(S)-HPMPA or ODE-(S)-HPMPA on replication of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in animal models. Antiviral Res. 2008 Aug; 79(2):133-5. Quenelle DC, Collins DJ, Pettway LR, Hartline CB, Beadle JR, Wan WB, Hostetler KY, Kern ER. PMID: 18336926; PMCID: PMC2650230.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  36. Anti-BK virus activity of nucleoside analogs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Apr; 52(4):1519-21. Randhawa P, Zemlicka J, Sauerbrei A, Meier C, Hostetler KY, Beadle JR, Farasati NA, Huang Y, Bradley M. PMID: 18285481; PMCID: PMC2292553.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  37. Cidofovir and (S)-9-[3-hydroxy-(2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine are highly effective inhibitors of vaccinia virus DNA polymerase when incorporated into the template strand. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Feb; 52(2):586-97. Magee WC, Aldern KA, Hostetler KY, Evans DH. PMID: 18056278; PMCID: PMC2224733.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 41     Fields:    Translation:Cells
  38. Intraocular properties of an alkoxyalkyl derivative of cyclic 9-(S)-(3-hydroxyl-2-phosphonomehoxypropyl) adenine, an intravitreally injectable anti-HCMV drug in rabbit and guinea pig. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Oct; 23(5):433-44. Tammewar AM, Cheng L, Hostetler KY, Falkenstein I, Beadle JR, Barron EC, Kozak I, Freeman WR. PMID: 17900229.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  39. Effect of oral treatment with hexadecyloxypropyl-[(S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2- phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine] [(S)-HPMPA] or octadecyloxyethyl-(S)-HPMPA on cowpox or vaccinia virus infections in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Nov; 51(11):3940-7. Quenelle DC, Collins DJ, Herrod BP, Keith KA, Trahan J, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Kern ER. PMID: 17846137; PMCID: PMC2151427.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  40. Evaluation of hexadecyloxypropyl-9-R-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)propyl]- adenine, CMX157, as a potential treatment for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis B virus infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Oct; 51(10):3505-9. Painter GR, Almond MR, Trost LC, Lampert BM, Neyts J, De Clercq E, Korba BE, Aldern KA, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY. PMID: 17646420; PMCID: PMC2043283.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  41. In vitro evaluation of the anti-orf virus activity of alkoxyalkyl esters of CDV, cCDV and (S)-HPMPA. Antiviral Res. 2007 Jul; 75(1):52-7. Dal Pozzo F, Andrei G, Lebeau I, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, De Clercq E, Snoeck R. PMID: 17184854.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  42. Synthesis of the 5-phosphono-pent-2-en-1-yl nucleosides: a new class of antiviral acyclic nucleoside phosphonates. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Feb 15; 15(4):1771-9. Choo H, Beadle JR, Chong Y, Trahan J, Hostetler KY. PMID: 17166725; PMCID: PMC1810563.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  43. Antiviral activities of novel 5-phosphono-pent-2-en-1-yl nucleosides and their alkoxyalkyl phosphonoesters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Feb; 51(2):611-5. Choo H, Beadle JR, Kern ER, Prichard MN, Keith KA, Hartline CB, Trahan J, Aldern KA, Korba BE, Hostetler KY. PMID: 17130297; PMCID: PMC1797766.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  44. Oral 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glycero-3-cidofovir targets the lung and is effective against a lethal respiratory challenge with ectromelia virus in mice. Antiviral Res. 2007 Mar; 73(3):212-8. Hostetler KY, Beadle JR, Trahan J, Aldern KA, Owens G, Schriewer J, Melman L, Buller RM. PMID: 17123638; PMCID: PMC1859865.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  45. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl-phosphate conjugates of cidofovir and adefovir. Antiviral Res. 2007 Jul; 75(1):87-90. Ruiz JC, Beadle JR, Aldern KA, Keith KA, Hartline CB, Kern ER, Hostetler KY. PMID: 17367874; PMCID: PMC1899528.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  46. Mutations in the E9L polymerase gene of cidofovir-resistant vaccinia virus strain WR are associated with the drug resistance phenotype. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Dec; 50(12):4038-43. Kornbluth RS, Smee DF, Sidwell RW, Snarsky V, Evans DH, Hostetler KY. PMID: 16982794; PMCID: PMC1694007.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 30     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  47. Alkoxyalkyl esters of (S)-9-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine are potent inhibitors of the replication of wild-type and drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Aug; 50(8):2857-9. Hostetler KY, Aldern KA, Wan WB, Ciesla SL, Beadle JR. PMID: 16870786; PMCID: PMC1538655.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  48. Activities of alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir (CDV), cyclic CDV, and (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine against orthopoxviruses in cell monolayers and in organotypic cultures. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Jul; 50(7):2525-9. Lebeau I, Andrei G, Dal Pozzo F, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, De Clercq E, van den Oord J, Snoeck R. PMID: 16801436; PMCID: PMC1489770.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  49. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl esters of acyclic purine and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphonates against HIV-1 in vitro. Antiviral Res. 2006 Oct; 72(1):10-9. Valiaeva N, Beadle JR, Aldern KA, Trahan J, Hostetler KY. PMID: 16630664.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  50. Ether lipid ester derivatives of cidofovir inhibit polyomavirus BK replication in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Apr; 50(4):1564-6. Randhawa P, Farasati NA, Shapiro R, Hostetler KY. PMID: 16569886; PMCID: PMC1426942.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 32     Fields:    Translation:Cells
  51. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl derivatives of 9-(S)-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine against cytomegalovirus and orthopoxviruses. J Med Chem. 2006 Mar 23; 49(6):2010-5. Beadle JR, Wan WB, Ciesla SL, Keith KA, Hartline C, Kern ER, Hostetler KY. PMID: 16539388.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  52. Enhanced antiproliferative effects of alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir in human cervical cancer cells in vitro. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Jan; 5(1):156-9. Hostetler KY, Rought S, Aldern KA, Trahan J, Beadle JR, Corbeil J. PMID: 16432174.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  53. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of alkoxyalkyl esters of phosphonopropoxymethyl-guanine and phosphonopropoxymethyl-diaminopurine. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2006; 17(2):89-95. Ruiz JC, Aldern KA, Beadle JR, Hartline CB, Kern ER, Hostetler KY. PMID: 17042330.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  54. Comparative activities of lipid esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir against replication of herpesviruses in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Sep; 49(9):3724-33. Williams-Aziz SL, Hartline CB, Harden EA, Daily SL, Prichard MN, Kushner NL, Beadle JR, Wan WB, Hostetler KY, Kern ER. PMID: 16127046; PMCID: PMC1195409.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 65     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  55. Mechanism of inhibition of vaccinia virus DNA polymerase by cidofovir diphosphate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Aug; 49(8):3153-62. Magee WC, Hostetler KY, Evans DH. PMID: 16048917; PMCID: PMC1196213.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 66     Fields:    
  56. Intraocular properties of hexadecyloxypropyl-cyclic-cidofovir in Guinea pigs. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jun; 21(3):205-9. Lu S, Cheng L, Hostetler KY, Koh HJ, Beadle JR, Davidson MC, Freeman WR. PMID: 15969637.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Animals
  57. Comparison of the antiviral activities of alkoxyalkyl and alkyl esters of cidofovir against human and murine cytomegalovirus replication in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 Feb; 49(2):656-62. Wan WB, Beadle JR, Hartline C, Kern ER, Ciesla SL, Valiaeva N, Hostetler KY. PMID: 15673748; PMCID: PMC547274.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 32     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  58. Characterization and treatment of cidofovir-resistant vaccinia (WR strain) virus infections in cell culture and in mice. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2005; 16(3):203-11. Smee DF, Wandersee MK, Bailey KW, Hostetler KY, Holy A, Sidwell RW. PMID: 16004083.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  59. Ether lipid-ester prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: activity against adenovirus replication in vitro. J Infect Dis. 2005 Feb 01; 191(3):396-9. Hartline CB, Gustin KM, Wan WB, Ciesla SL, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Kern ER. PMID: 15633099.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 54     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  60. Characterization of a novel intraocular drug-delivery system using crystalline lipid antiviral prodrugs of ganciclovir and cyclic cidofovir. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Nov; 45(11):4138-44. Cheng L, Hostetler KY, Lee J, Koh HJ, Beadle JR, Bessho K, Toyoguchi M, Aldern K, Bovet JM, Freeman WR. PMID: 15505067; PMCID: PMC2666013.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  61. Oral treatment of murine cytomegalovirus infections with ether lipid esters of cidofovir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Sep; 48(9):3516-22. Kern ER, Collins DJ, Wan WB, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Quenelle DC. PMID: 15328119; PMCID: PMC514741.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  62. Design and development of oral drugs for the prophylaxis and treatment of smallpox infection. Trends Biotechnol. 2004 Aug; 22(8):423-7. Painter GR, Hostetler KY. PMID: 15283988.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 32     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  63. Oral activity of ether lipid ester prodrugs of cidofovir against experimental human cytomegalovirus infection. J Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 01; 190(3):499-503. Bidanset DJ, Beadle JR, Wan WB, Hostetler KY, Kern ER. PMID: 15243923.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 46     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  64. Effects of four antiviral substances on lethal vaccinia virus (IHD strain) respiratory infections in mice. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004 May; 23(5):430-7. Smee DF, Wong MH, Bailey KW, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Sidwell RW. PMID: 15120719.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  65. Inhibitory activity of alkoxyalkyl and alkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir against orthopoxvirus replication in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 May; 48(5):1869-71. Keith KA, Wan WB, Ciesla SL, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Kern ER. PMID: 15105146; PMCID: PMC400568.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
  66. Oral treatment of cowpox and vaccinia virus infections in mice with ether lipid esters of cidofovir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Feb; 48(2):404-12. Quenelle DC, Collins DJ, Wan WB, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Kern ER. PMID: 14742188; PMCID: PMC321539.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 68     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  67. Efficacy of oral active ether lipid analogs of cidofovir in a lethal mousepox model. Virology. 2004 Jan 20; 318(2):474-81. Buller RM, Owens G, Schriewer J, Melman L, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY. PMID: 14972516.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 73     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  68. Esterification of cidofovir with alkoxyalkanols increases oral bioavailability and diminishes drug accumulation in kidney. Antiviral Res. 2003 Aug; 59(3):163-71. Ciesla SL, Trahan J, Wan WB, Beadle JR, Aldern KA, Painter GR, Hostetler KY. PMID: 12927306.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 80     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  69. Ganciclovir release rates in vitreous from different formulations of 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-phospho-ganciclovir. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Apr; 19(2):161-9. Cheng L, Hostetler KY, Toyoguchi M, Beadle JR, Rodanant N, Gardner MF, Aldern KA, Bergeron-Lynn G, Freeman WR. PMID: 12804061.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  70. Increased antiviral activity of 1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl-[2-(14)C]cidofovir in MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts is explained by unique cellular uptake and metabolism. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Mar; 63(3):678-81. Aldern KA, Ciesla SL, Winegarden KL, Hostetler KY. PMID: 12606777.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 63     Fields:    
  71. Alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir exhibit multiple-log enhancement of antiviral activity against cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus replication in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Aug; 46(8):2381-6. Beadle JR, Hartline C, Aldern KA, Rodriguez N, Harden E, Kern ER, Hostetler KY. PMID: 12121908; PMCID: PMC127379.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 79     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  72. Enhanced inhibition of orthopoxvirus replication in vitro by alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Apr; 46(4):991-5. Kern ER, Hartline C, Harden E, Keith K, Rodriguez N, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY. PMID: 11897580; PMCID: PMC127114.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 82     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  73. Treatment or prevention of herpes simplex virus retinitis with intravitreally injectable crystalline 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-phospho-ganciclovir. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002 Feb; 43(2):515-21. Cheng L, Hostetler KY, Chaidhawangul S, Gardner MF, Beadle JR, Toyoguchi M, Bergeron-Lynn G, Freeman WR. PMID: 11818399.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  74. In vitro and in vivo activity of 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-phospho-ganciclovir and 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-phospho-penciclovir in cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2001 Jan; 12(1):61-70. Hostetler KY, Rybak RJ, Beadle JR, Gardner MF, Aldern KA, Wright KN, Kern ER. PMID: 11437323.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
  75. Antiviral activities of oral 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-phosphoacyclovir and acyclovir in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Jul; 44(7):1964-9. Hostetler KY, Beadle JR, Hornbuckle WE, Bellezza CA, Tochkov IA, Cote PJ, Gerin JL, Korba BE, Tennant BC. PMID: 10858362; PMCID: PMC89993.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
  76. In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of sn-2-substituted 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphonoformate analogues and synergy with zidovudine. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2000 May; 11(3):213-9. Hostetler KY, Hammond JL, Kini GD, Hostetler SE, Beadle JR, Aldern KA, Chou TC, Richman DD, Mellors JW. PMID: 10901292.
    View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
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