Tim Brown

Title(s)Associate Adjunct Professor, Neurosciences
SchoolVc-health Sciences-schools
Address9500 Gilman Drive #
La Jolla CA 92093
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    Tim Brown is the Kavli Sandstrom Timmons Endowed Faculty Fellow in Human Brain Development in the Department of Neurosciences at the UCSD School of Medicine. As a scientist, researcher, and professor, he directs the Sentia Laboratory for Childhood Systems Neuroscience. Dr. Brown trained as both a cognitive neurophysiologist and clinician in pediatric neuropsychology studying human functional brain organization, brain and cognitive development, and neurodevelopmental disorders, specializing in structural and functional brain imaging and neurophysiological recording.

    Dr. Brown's research has examined many aspects of human brain anatomy, physiology, development, and cognitive function from infancy through adulthood. He has studied the brain mechanisms of reading and language development, executive functions and cognitive control, perinatal stroke, genetic disorders, education and learning, and developing musical abilities. His research with children and adults has combined experimental behavioral, cognitive, and brain imaging techniques including positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalography (EEG), event-related potentials (ERP), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (f/MRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and autonomic nervous system recording.

    Dr. Brown has been a member of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping since 1997. His research has been published in many peer-reviewed scientific journals, including Science, Nature, Current Biology, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Neuropsychology Review, Cerebral Cortex, Neurology, Journal of Pediatrics, Neuroimage: Clinical, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Genes, Brain, and Behavior, Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental Neuropsychology, Laterality, Neuropsychologia, Scientific Studies of Reading, Developmental Science, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, Social Neuroscience, Neuroimage, Human Brain Mapping, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Radiology, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal of Management Education, Translational Psychiatry, Early Human Development, Neuropsychology, School Psychology Review, Archives of General Psychiatry, and the International Journal of Music in Early Childhood. He was founding Editor-In-Chief of the interdisciplinary open source peer-reviewed journal Educational Neuroscience.

    Dr. Brown was a traveling, singing missionary as a child, and he was previously employed as a busboy, waiter, bartender, and professional pizza photographer. Currently, he uses principles derived from research on human functional brain organization to create electronic music released under the artist name Motor Overflow.

    Collapse Research 
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    14/24 The Healthy Brain & Child Development National Consortium
    NIH U01DA055369Sep 30, 2021 - Jun 30, 2026
    Role: Co-Investigator
    Large-scale nested studies of the impact of music on brain and behavioral development
    NIH R01AA028411Sep 15, 2019 - Aug 31, 2022
    Role: Co-Investigator
    ABCD-USA Consortium: Data Analysis, Informatics and Resource Center
    NIH U24DA041123Sep 30, 2015 - Mar 31, 2027
    Role: Co-Investigator
    Examination of Neurobehavioral Development Using the PING Data Resource
    NIH R01DA038958Jul 1, 2014 - May 31, 2018
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Neurobehavioral Contributors to Math Failure: A Reward-Based Learning Framework
    NIH R24HD075489Sep 28, 2012 - Jun 30, 2017
    Role: Co-Investigator
    Williams Syndrome: A Model for Linking Genes, Neural Systems and Social Phenotype
    NIH P01HD033113Mar 5, 1996 - Feb 28, 2016
    Role: Co-Investigator
    Center for the Study of the Neural Bases of Language and Learning
    NIH P50NS022343Jun 30, 2014
    Role: Co-Investigator

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    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Leveraging the adolescent brain cognitive development study to improve behavioral prediction from neuroimaging in smaller replication samples. Cereb Cortex. 2024 06 04; 34(6). Makowski C, Brown TT, Zhao W, Hagler DJ, Parekh P, Garavan H, Nichols TE, Jernigan TL, Dale AM. PMID: 38880786; PMCID: PMC11180541.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    
    2. White matter and literacy: A dynamic system in flux. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2024 Feb; 65:101341. Roy E, Richie-Halford A, Kruper J, Narayan M, Bloom D, Nedelec P, Rauschecker AM, Sugrue LP, Brown TT, Jernigan TL, McCandliss BD, Rokem A, Yeatman JD. PMID: 38219709; PMCID: PMC10825614.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    3. Leveraging the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study to improve behavioral prediction from neuroimaging in smaller replication samples. bioRxiv. 2023 Oct 01. Makowski C, Brown TT, Zhao W, Hagler DJ, Parekh P, Garavan H, Nichols TE, Jernigan TL, Dale AM. PMID: 37398195; PMCID: PMC10312746.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    4. Do aggregate, multimodal structural neuroimaging measures replicate regional developmental differences observed in highly cited cellular histological studies? Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2022 04; 54:101086. Hagler DJ, Thompson WK, Chen CH, Reuter C, Akshoomoff N, Brown TT, Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study. PMID: 35220023; PMCID: PMC8889098.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    5. Variations in brain morphometry among healthy preschoolers born preterm. Early Hum Dev. 2020 Jan; 140:104929. Hasler HM, Brown TT, Akshoomoff N. PMID: 31751933; PMCID: PMC7231635.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    
    6. Patterns of structural lateralization in cortical language areas of older adolescents. Laterality. 2019 Jul; 24(4):450-481. Scheppele M, Evans JL, Brown TT. PMID: 30417734.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. Williams Syndrome neuroanatomical score associates with GTF2IRD1 in large-scale magnetic resonance imaging cohorts: a proof of concept for multivariate endophenotypes. Transl Psychiatry. 2018 06 08; 8(1):114. Fan CC, Schork AJ, Brown TT, Spencer BE, Akshoomoff N, Chen CH, Kuperman JM, Hagler DJ, Steen VM, Le Hellard S, Håberg AK, Espeseth T, Andreassen OA, Dale AM, Jernigan TL, Halgren E, Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics Study, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. PMID: 29884845; PMCID: PMC5993783.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. Neuroanatomical correlates of emotion-processing in children with unilateral brain lesion: A preliminary study of limbic system organization. Soc Neurosci. 2018 12; 13(6):688-700. Ng R, Lai P, Brown TT, Järvinen A, Halgren E, Bellugi U, Trauner D. PMID: 28990866; PMCID: PMC6117211.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    9. A multisample study of longitudinal changes in brain network architecture in 4-13-year-old children. Hum Brain Mapp. 2018 01; 39(1):157-170. Wierenga LM, van den Heuvel MP, Oranje B, Giedd JN, Durston S, Peper JS, Brown TT, Crone EA, The Pediatric Longitudinal Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study. PMID: 28960629; PMCID: PMC5783977.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. Cortical morphology of the pars opercularis and its relationship to motor-inhibitory performance in a longitudinal, developing cohort. Brain Struct Funct. 2018 Jan; 223(1):211-220. Curley LB, Newman E, Thompson WK, Brown TT, Hagler DJ, Akshoomoff N, Reuter C, Dale AM, Jernigan TL. PMID: 28756486; PMCID: PMC5772141.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. Williams syndrome-specific neuroanatomical profile and its associations with behavioral features. Neuroimage Clin. 2017; 15:343-347. Fan CC, Brown TT, Bartsch H, Kuperman JM, Hagler DJ, Schork A, Searcy Y, Bellugi U, Halgren E, Dale AM. PMID: 28560159; PMCID: PMC5443907.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Through Thick and Thin: a Need to Reconcile Contradictory Results on Trajectories in Human Cortical Development. Cereb Cortex. 2017 02 01; 27(2):1472-1481. Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Giedd J, Dale AM, Brown TT. PMID: 28365755; PMCID: PMC6075596.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 115     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    13. Individual differences in human brain development. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2017 Jan; 8(1-2). Brown TT. PMID: 27906499; PMCID: PMC5682852.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. A human neurodevelopmental model for Williams syndrome. Nature. 2016 08 18; 536(7616):338-43. Chailangkarn T, Trujillo CA, Freitas BC, Hrvoj-Mihic B, Herai RH, Yu DX, Brown TT, Marchetto MC, Bardy C, McHenry L, Stefanacci L, Järvinen A, Searcy YM, DeWitt M, Wong W, Lai P, Ard MC, Hanson KL, Romero S, Jacobs B, Dale AM, Dai L, Korenberg JR, Gage FH, Bellugi U, Halgren E, Semendeferi K, Muotri AR. PMID: 27509850; PMCID: PMC4995142.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 94     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    15. Dyslexia and language impairment associated genetic markers influence cortical thickness and white matter in typically developing children. Brain Imaging Behav. 2016 Mar; 10(1):272-82. Eicher JD, Montgomery AM, Akshoomoff N, Amaral DG, Bloss CS, Libiger O, Schork NJ, Darst BF, Casey BJ, Chang L, Ernst T, Frazier J, Kaufmann WE, Keating B, Kenet T, Kennedy D, Mostofsky S, Murray SS, Sowell ER, Bartsch H, Kuperman JM, Brown TT, Hagler DJ, Dale AM, Jernigan TL, Gruen JR, Pediatric Imaging Neurocognition Genetics Study. PMID: 25953057; PMCID: PMC4639472.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Toward an integrative science of the developing human mind and brain: Focus on the developing cortex. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2016 Apr; 18:2-11. Jernigan TL, Brown TT, Bartsch H, Dale AM. PMID: 26347228; PMCID: PMC4762760.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. Structural integrity of the limbic-prefrontal connection: Neuropathological correlates of anxiety in Williams syndrome. Soc Neurosci. 2016; 11(2):187-92. Ng R, Brown TT, Järvinen AM, Erhart M, Korenberg JR, Bellugi U, Halgren E. PMID: 26214361; PMCID: PMC4729666.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Anxiety is related to indices of cortical maturation in typically developing children and adolescents. Brain Struct Funct. 2016 07; 221(6):3013-25. Newman E, Thompson WK, Bartsch H, Hagler DJ, Chen CH, Brown TT, Kuperman JM, McCabe C, Chung Y, Libiger O, Akshoomoff N, Bloss CS, Casey BJ, Chang L, Ernst TM, Frazier JA, Gruen JR, Kennedy DN, Murray SS, Sowell ER, Schork N, Kenet T, Kaufmann WE, Mostofsky S, Amaral DG, Dale AM, Jernigan TL. PMID: 26183468; PMCID: PMC5064818.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Modeling the 3D geometry of the cortical surface with genetic ancestry. Curr Biol. 2015 Aug 03; 25(15):1988-92. Fan CC, Bartsch H, Schork AJ, Chen CH, Wang Y, Lo MT, Brown TT, Kuperman JM, Hagler DJ, Schork NJ, Jernigan TL, Dale AM, Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study. PMID: 26166778; PMCID: PMC4786069.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. The Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) Data Repository. Neuroimage. 2016 Jan 01; 124(Pt B):1149-1154. Jernigan TL, Brown TT, Hagler DJ, Akshoomoff N, Bartsch H, Newman E, Thompson WK, Bloss CS, Murray SS, Schork N, Kennedy DN, Kuperman JM, McCabe C, Chung Y, Libiger O, Maddox M, Casey BJ, Chang L, Ernst TM, Frazier JA, Gruen JR, Sowell ER, Kenet T, Kaufmann WE, Mostofsky S, Amaral DG, Dale AM, Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics Study. PMID: 25937488; PMCID: PMC4628902.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 159     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Variability of magnetoencephalographic sensor sensitivity measures as a function of age, brain volume and cortical area. Clin Neurophysiol. 2014 Oct; 125(10):1973-84. Irimia A, Erhart MJ, Brown TT. PMID: 24589347; PMCID: PMC4133309.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Atypical right hemisphere specialization for object representations in an adolescent with specific language impairment. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014; 8:82. Brown TT, Erhart M, Avesar D, Dale AM, Halgren E, Evans JL. PMID: 24592231; PMCID: PMC3924145.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6  
    23. Genome-wide association study of shared components of reading disability and language impairment. Genes Brain Behav. 2013 Nov; 12(8):792-801. Eicher JD, Powers NR, Miller LL, Akshoomoff N, Amaral DG, Bloss CS, Libiger O, Schork NJ, Darst BF, Casey BJ, Chang L, Ernst T, Frazier J, Kaufmann WE, Keating B, Kenet T, Kennedy D, Mostofsky S, Murray SS, Sowell ER, Bartsch H, Kuperman JM, Brown TT, Hagler DJ, Dale AM, Jernigan TL, St Pourcain B, Davey Smith G, Ring SM, Gruen JR, Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study. PMID: 24024963; PMCID: PMC3904347.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 57     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    24. Age-related changes in tissue signal properties within cortical areas important for word understanding in 12- to 19-month-old infants. Cereb Cortex. 2014 Jul; 24(7):1948-55. Travis KE, Curran MM, Torres C, Leonard MK, Brown TT, Dale AM, Elman JL, Halgren E. PMID: 23448869; PMCID: PMC4051897.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Gray matter structure and morphosyntax within a spoken narrative in typically developing children and children with high functioning autism. Dev Neuropsychol. 2013; 38(7):461-80. Mills BD, Lai J, Brown TT, Erhart M, Halgren E, Reilly J, Appelbaum M, Moses P. PMID: 24138216.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Long-term influence of normal variation in neonatal characteristics on human brain development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Dec 04; 109(49):20089-94. Walhovd KB, Fjell AM, Brown TT, Kuperman JM, Chung Y, Hagler DJ, Roddey JC, Erhart M, McCabe C, Akshoomoff N, Amaral DG, Bloss CS, Libiger O, Schork NJ, Darst BF, Casey BJ, Chang L, Ernst TM, Frazier J, Gruen JR, Kaufmann WE, Murray SS, van Zijl P, Mostofsky S, Dale AM, Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study. PMID: 23169628; PMCID: PMC3523836.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 74     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    27. Multimodal imaging of the self-regulating developing brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Nov 27; 109(48):19620-5. Fjell AM, Walhovd KB, Brown TT, Kuperman JM, Chung Y, Hagler DJ, Venkatraman V, Roddey JC, Erhart M, McCabe C, Akshoomoff N, Amaral DG, Bloss CS, Libiger O, Darst BF, Schork NJ, Casey BJ, Chang L, Ernst TM, Gruen JR, Kaufmann WE, Kenet T, Frazier J, Murray SS, Sowell ER, van Zijl P, Mostofsky S, Jernigan TL, Dale AM, Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study. PMID: 23150548; PMCID: PMC3511748.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 105     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Brain development during the preschool years. Neuropsychol Rev. 2012 Dec; 22(4):313-33. Brown TT, Jernigan TL. PMID: 23007644; PMCID: PMC3511633.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 118     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    29. Neuroanatomical assessment of biological maturity. Curr Biol. 2012 Sep 25; 22(18):1693-8. Brown TT, Kuperman JM, Chung Y, Erhart M, McCabe C, Hagler DJ, Venkatraman VK, Akshoomoff N, Amaral DG, Bloss CS, Casey BJ, Chang L, Ernst TM, Frazier JA, Gruen JR, Kaufmann WE, Kenet T, Kennedy DN, Murray SS, Sowell ER, Jernigan TL, Dale AM. PMID: 22902750; PMCID: PMC3461087.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 181     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    30. Prospective motion correction improves diagnostic utility of pediatric MRI scans. Pediatr Radiol. 2011 Dec; 41(12):1578-82. Kuperman JM, Brown TT, Ahmadi ME, Erhart MJ, White NS, Roddey JC, Shankaranarayanan A, Han ET, Rettmann D, Dale AM. PMID: 21779892; PMCID: PMC3933373.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 37     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. Language proficiency modulates the recruitment of non-classical language areas in bilinguals. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 24; 6(3):e18240. Leonard MK, Torres C, Travis KE, Brown TT, Hagler DJ, Dale AM, Elman JL, Halgren E. PMID: 21455315; PMCID: PMC3063800.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    32. Spatiotemporal neural dynamics of word understanding in 12- to 18-month-old-infants. Cereb Cortex. 2011 Aug; 21(8):1832-9. Travis KE, Leonard MK, Brown TT, Hagler DJ, Curran M, Dale AM, Elman JL, Halgren E. PMID: 21209121; PMCID: PMC3138516.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    33. Prospective motion correction of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging data in children. Neuroimage. 2010 Oct 15; 53(1):139-45. Brown TT, Kuperman JM, Erhart M, White NS, Roddey JC, Shankaranarayanan A, Han ET, Rettmann D, Dale AM. PMID: 20542120; PMCID: PMC3146240.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 72     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Spatiotemporal dynamics of bilingual word processing. Neuroimage. 2010 Feb 15; 49(4):3286-94. Leonard MK, Brown TT, Travis KE, Gharapetian L, Hagler DJ, Dale AM, Elman JL, Halgren E. PMID: 20004256; PMCID: PMC2824560.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    35. fMRI reveals novel functional neuroanatomy in a child with perinatal stroke. Neurology. 2006 Dec 26; 67(12):2246-9. Fair DA, Brown TT, Petersen SE, Schlaggar BL. PMID: 17190956.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. A comparison of analysis of variance and correlation methods for investigating cognitive development with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dev Neuropsychol. 2006; 30(1):531-46. Fair DA, Brown TT, Petersen SE, Schlaggar BL. PMID: 16925474.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Does human functional brain organization shift from diffuse to focal with development? Dev Sci. 2006 Jan; 9(1):9-11. Brown TT, Petersen SE, Schlaggar BL. PMID: 16445388.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    38. Developmental changes in human cerebral functional organization for word generation. Cereb Cortex. 2005 Mar; 15(3):275-90. Brown TT, Lugar HM, Coalson RS, Miezin FM, Petersen SE, Schlaggar BL. PMID: 15297366.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 172     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    39. Shared and distinct neurophysiological components of the digits forward and backward tasks as revealed by functional neuroimaging. Neuropsychologia. 2004; 42(13):1781-7. Gerton BK, Brown TT, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Kohn P, Holt JL, Olsen RK, Berman KF. PMID: 15351627.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 68     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    40. Functional neuroanatomical differences between adults and school-age children in the processing of single words. Science. 2002 May 24; 296(5572):1476-9. Schlaggar BL, Brown TT, Lugar HM, Visscher KM, Miezin FM, Petersen SE. PMID: 12029136.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 156     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    41. Neurodevelopmental dysfunction among nonreferred children with idiopathic megalencephaly. J Pediatr. 1997 Aug; 131(2):320-4. Sandler AD, Knudsen MW, Brown TT, Christian RM. PMID: 9290626.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
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