Elaine Muchmore

Title(s)Senate Emeritus, Medicine
SchoolVc-health Sciences-schools
Address9500 Gilman Drive #
La Jolla CA 92093
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    Research Interests
    Dr. Muchmore has been active in delineating the effective components of resident supervision in the academic environment; she also maintains a small laboratory investigating the regulation of expression of selected cell surface sialic acid modifications. In her role as a clinician educator and administrator at the VA, she has worked with a small team to develop an electronic chart-based tool to measure the time spent performing direct and indirect supervision of resident trainees. It has been demonstrated that using this metric in outpatient settings, there is a direct correlation between direct supervision time required and stage of training. Her group is now working to launch use of this tool widely, with the goal of better assessing the quantity and quality of resident supervision in the academically-affiliated VA medical centers. She has also worked to define training milestones for Internal Medicine-based fellowships, and for Hematology/Oncology.

    Education and Training
    BS, MA - Biology, Stanford University - 1967-1972
    MD - University of California, Davis - 1975-1979
    Resident - Virginia Mason Hospital, Seattle - 1979-1982
    Fellow - Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Diego - 1983-1987

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Detection of Non-Human Sialic Acid in Biotherapeutic Applications
    NIH R41GM080959Mar 7, 2008 - Mar 6, 2011
    Role: Principal Investigator
    N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID HYDROXYLASE
    NIH R29GM043165Dec 1, 1989 - Jun 30, 1995
    Role: Principal Investigator

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    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Prevalence and Correlates of Prohibited Questions in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Fellowship Interviews During 1 Appointment Year. Acad Med. 2025 Mar 01; 100(3):340-350. Scribner KA, West CP, Myers AL, Muchmore EA, Goldstein RB. PMID: 38857337.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    2. Exploring Competency-Based Medical Education Through the Lens of the UME-GME Transition: A Qualitative Study. Acad Med. 2024 01 01; 99(1):83-90. Zetkulic M, Moriarty JP, Amin A, Angus S, Dalal B, Fazio S, Hemmer P, Laird-Fick HS, Muchmore E, Nixon LJ, Olson A, Choe JH. PMID: 37699535; PMCID: PMC11809725.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    
    3. Perspectives on the quality and utility of letters conforming to the AAIM guidelines. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2021 Mar 23; 11(2):175-179. Williams C, Alweis R, Roth T, Luther V, Pile J, Elkins S, Nagalla S, Muchmore EA. PMID: 33889315; PMCID: PMC8043528.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    4. Internal Medicine 2035: Preparing the Future Generation of Internists. J Grad Med Educ. 2020 Dec; 12(6):797-800. Yun HC, Cable CT, Pizzimenti D, Desai SS, Muchmore EA, Vasilias J, Thomas C, Nasca TJ, Lieh-Lai MW. PMID: 33391612; PMCID: PMC7771588.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    
    5. Reducing Trainee Stress by Delaying the Pediatric Fellowship Start Date. Pediatrics. 2020 09; 146(3). Mink RB, Wininger DA, Turner A, Leslie LK, Balmer DF, Hofkosh D, McGuinness GA, Muchmore EA. PMID: 32848027.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. AAIM Guidelines for Interview and Post-Interview Communication for Graduate Medical Education Recruitment. Am J Med. 2019 09; 132(9):1106-1111. Alweis RL, Williams CM, Luther VP, Simmons DL, Kopelman R, Angus SV, Liao S, Nagalla S, Muchmore EA. PMID: 31175844.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    7. Inappropriate Communication During Internal Medicine Fellowship Recruitment: A Mixed-Methods Analysis. Am J Med. 2019 06; 132(6):770-775. Williams CM, Alweis RL, O'Connor AB, Dalal B, Rai D, Abdullah A, Kopelman R, Cornett P, Frank MO, Luther VP, Muchmore EA. PMID: 30851262.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    8. Internal medicine fellowship directors' perspectives on the quality and utility of letters conforming to residency program director letter of recommendation guidelines. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2018; 8(4):173-176. O'Connor AB, Williams CM, Dalal B, Sulistio MS, Roth TK, Milne CK, Collichio FA, Muchmore EA, Alweis R. PMID: 30181820; PMCID: PMC6116145.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6  
    9. The American Society of Hematology and ASCO Curricular Milestones for Assessment of Fellows in Hematology/Oncology: Development, Reflection, and Next Steps. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2018 May 23; 38:887-893. Collichio F, Muchmore EA. PMID: 30231329.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. Problematic communications during 2016 fellowship recruitment in internal medicine. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2017; 7(5):277-281. Cornett PA, Williams C, Alweis RL, McConville J, Frank M, Dalal B, Kopelman RI, Luther VP, O'connor AB, Muchmore EA. PMID: 29147467; PMCID: PMC5676963.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    11. Medical Knowledge Assessment by Hematology and Medical Oncology In-Training Examinations Are Better Than Program Director Assessments at Predicting Subspecialty Certification Examination Performance. J Cancer Educ. 2017 Sep; 32(3):647-654. Collichio FA, Hess BJ, Muchmore EA, Duhigg L, Lipner RS, Haist S, Hawley JL, Morrison CA, Clayton CP, Raymond MJ, Kayoumi KM, Gitlin SD. PMID: 26897634.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Prostate adenocarcinoma metastases to the testis and brain: case report and review of the literature. Oxf Med Case Reports. 2017 Aug; 2017(8):omx042. Chang J, Kwan B, Panjwani N, Villanueva N, Diamond S, Wong-Sefidan I, Muchmore E. PMID: 28845236; PMCID: PMC5553064.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5  
    13. Guidelines for a Standardized Fellowship Letter of Recommendation. Am J Med. 2017 May; 130(5):606-611. Alweis R, Collichio F, Milne CK, Dalal B, Williams CM, Sulistio MS, Roth TK, Muchmore EA. PMID: 28189466.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Primary Care Residents Improve Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, and Practice After a Clinical Curriculum With a Hospice. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2017 Sep; 34(8):713-720. von Gunten CF, Mullan PB, Nelesen R, Garman K, McNeal H, Savoia M, Muchmore E, Ikeda T, Amundson S, McKennett M, Diamant J, Pepper P, Gray C, Weissman D. PMID: 27353516.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. Delaying the Pediatric Fellowship Start Date to Improve Trainee Well-Being. J Pediatr. 2015 Aug; 167(2):222-3. Mink R, Caputo G, Fried E, Hofkosh D, Le-Bucklin KV, McMillan J, Muchmore E, Pryor A, Vargo D, Bale J. PMID: 26210834.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Adoption of a Uniform Start Date for Internal Medicine Fellowships and Other Advanced Training: An AAIM White Paper. Am J Med. 2015 Sep; 128(9):1039-43. Barrett JC, Alweis R, Frank M, O'Connor A, McConville JF, Adams ND, Arfons L, Bernard S, Bradley T, Buckley JD, Cohen E, Cornett P, Elkins S, Kopelman R, Luther VP, Petrusky J, McNeill DB, Omar B, Palapiano N, Roth T, Satko S, Fried ED, Muchmore EA. PMID: 26071819.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    17. The Next Accreditation System: a strategy for implementing new reporting standards using a Hematology/Oncology model. Am J Med. 2015 Feb; 128(2):200-7. Collichio F, Kayoumi K, Sierra L, Clayton CP, Raymond M, Muchmore EA. PMID: 25448172.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Measuring the intensity of resident supervision in the department of veterans affairs: the resident supervision index. Acad Med. 2010 Jul; 85(7):1171-81. Byrne JM, Kashner M, Gilman SC, Aron DC, Cannon GW, Chang BK, Godleski L, Golden RM, Henley SS, Holland GJ, Kaminetzky CP, Keitz SA, Kirsh S, Muchmore EA, Wicker AB. PMID: 20305532.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Studying the effects of ACGME duty hours limits on resident satisfaction: results from VA learners' perceptions survey. Acad Med. 2010 Jul; 85(7):1130-9. Kashner TM, Henley SS, Golden RM, Byrne JM, Keitz SA, Cannon GW, Chang BK, Holland GJ, Aron DC, Muchmore EA, Wicker A, White H. PMID: 20592508.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Measuring progressive independence with the resident supervision index: empirical approach. J Grad Med Educ. 2010 Mar; 2(1):17-30. Kashner TM, Byrne JM, Chang BK, Henley SS, Golden RM, Aron DC, Cannon GW, Gilman SC, Holland GJ, Kaminetzky CP, Keitz SA, Muchmore EA, Kashner TK, Wicker AB. PMID: 21975880; PMCID: PMC2931230.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    
    21. Measuring progressive independence with the resident supervision index: theoretical approach. J Grad Med Educ. 2010 Mar; 2(1):8-16. Kashner TM, Byrne JM, Henley SS, Golden RM, Aron DC, Cannon GW, Chang BK, Gilman SC, Holland GJ, Kaminetzky CP, Keitz SA, Muchmore EA, Kashner TK, Wicker AB. PMID: 21975879; PMCID: PMC2931231.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    
    22. Expression of DeltaF508 Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) Decreases Membrane Sialylation. Open Respir Med J. 2009 May 18; 3:79-84. Dosanjh A, Muchmore EA. PMID: 19572026; PMCID: PMC2703207.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4  
    23. The chimpanzee model: contributions and considerations for studies of hepatitis B virus. Methods Mol Med. 2004; 96:289-318. Gagneux P, Muchmore EA. PMID: 14762278.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    24. Human uptake and incorporation of an immunogenic nonhuman dietary sialic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Oct 14; 100(21):12045-50. Tangvoranuntakul P, Gagneux P, Diaz S, Bardor M, Varki N, Varki A, Muchmore E. PMID: 14523234; PMCID: PMC218710.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 246     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    25. Intra- and interspecific variation in primate gene expression patterns. Science. 2002 Apr 12; 296(5566):340-3. Enard W, Khaitovich P, Klose J, Zöllner S, Heissig F, Giavalisco P, Nieselt-Struwe K, Muchmore E, Varki A, Ravid R, Doxiadis GM, Bontrop RE, Pääbo S. PMID: 11951044.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 281     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    26. Chimpanzee models for human disease and immunobiology. Immunol Rev. 2001 Oct; 183:86-93. Muchmore EA. PMID: 11782249.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    27. A structural difference between the cell surfaces of humans and the great apes. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1998 Oct; 107(2):187-98. Muchmore EA, Diaz S, Varki A. PMID: 9786333.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 72     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    28. A mutation in human CMP-sialic acid hydroxylase occurred after the Homo-Pan divergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 29; 95(20):11751-6. Chou HH, Takematsu H, Diaz S, Iber J, Nickerson E, Wright KL, Muchmore EA, Nelson DL, Warren ST, Varki A. PMID: 9751737; PMCID: PMC21712.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 248     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    29. Developmental sialic acid modifications in rat organs. Glycobiology. 1992 Aug; 2(4):337-43. Muchmore EA. PMID: 1421755.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    30. Biosynthesis of N-glycolyneuraminic acid. The primary site of hydroxylation of N-acetylneuraminic acid is the cytosolic sugar nucleotide pool. J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 05; 264(34):20216-23. Muchmore EA, Milewski M, Varki A, Diaz S. PMID: 2684973.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 35     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    31. Developmental regulation of sialic acid modifications in rat and human colon. FASEB J. 1987 Sep; 1(3):229-35. Muchmore EA, Varki NM, Fukuda M, Varki A. PMID: 3623000.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    32. Selective inactivation of influenza C esterase: a probe for detecting 9-O-acetylated sialic acids. Science. 1987 Jun 05; 236(4806):1293-5. Muchmore EA, Varki A. PMID: 3589663.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 42     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
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