Wolfgang Junger

Title(s)Professor, Surgery
SchoolVc-health Sciences-schools
Address9500 Gilman Drive #
La Jolla CA 92093
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    University of Technology, Vienna, AustriaDiploma, Chemical Engineering1986Technical Chemistry
    University of Technology, Vienna, AustriaPhD1988Biochemistry
    Ludwig Boltzmann Institute, Vienna, AustriaPostDoc1990Trauma Immunology
    University of California San Diego, San DiegoPostDoc1991 Trauma Immunology
    Collapse Awards and Honors
    Harvard University 2010Masters of Science
    University of Oslo2011Egil Amundsen Medal
    National Institutes of Health2002Excellence in Translational Research

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Current Research Focus:

    Regulation of immune cells by extracellular ATP:
    Neutrophils and lymphocytes release ATP, which regulates cell responses via autocrine feedback mechanisms that involve ATP, ADP, and adenosine receptors, collectively termed purinergic receptors. Purinergic receptors are found on the surface of all immune cells, allowing them to engage in cell-to-cell communication and to execute complex functional responses such as chemotaxis, which helps neutrophils locate sites of infection. We study these purinergic signaling mechanisms using cell lines as well as immune cells obtained from human and mouse blood samples and confocal life cell imaging techniques, flow cytometry, and a range of biochemical methods.

    Age-dependent changes in purinergic immune cell regulation:
    We found that ATP levels in blood change dramatically with age. In newborns, low ATP levels reduce the function of immune cells because they cannot initiate cell responses. In older individuals, excessively high circulating ATP levels promote inflammatory complications by overstimulating immune cells. We are currently studying how these age-dependent changes in ATP and its breakdown products affect immune cell responses in mouse models of aging. Our goals are to determine the causes of the age-dependent changes in circulating ATP levels and to investigate if modulation of these changes can improve immune function in children and the elderly.

    Roles of zinc and other divalent ions in the regulation of cellular immune responses:
    Many different enzymes regulate extracellular ATP and adenosine levels. All these enzymes require either Ca2+, Mg2+, or Zn2+ to hydrolyze ATP to ADP, AMP, or adenosine. Therefore, the levels of these divalent ions are important for immune cell regulation by ATP and its breakdown products. We are currently studying how changes in the concentrations of these divalent ions influence immune responses in patients with bacterial and viral infections. For this work, we use influenza and bacterial mouse infection models as well as blood samples from healthy human volunteers and from critical care patients. We measure the levels of ATP, its breakdown products, and the concentrations of divalent metal ions with luminometric methods, fluorescence spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-MS-TOF), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

    Regulation of cell metabolism by extracellular ATP and its breakdown products:
    Our previous work has shown that ATP and its breakdown product adenosine have opposing effects on mitochondrial metabolism in various mammalian cells. Moreover, we found that AMP, an intermediary breakdown product of ATP, results in a rapid shutdown of mitochondrial metabolism in these cells. AMP intraperitoneally injected into mice resulted in a sharp decline in metabolism and body temperature, which was accompanied by a hibernation-like state that lasted for several hours. We are currently studying the underlying cellular mechanisms and the potential clinical use of our findings to protect the brain and other organ tissues following traumatic head injury, cardiac arrest, and stroke patients.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Metabolic and purinergic immune regulation
    NIH R35GM136429Apr 1, 2020 - Feb 28, 2025
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Role of purinergic signaling in pediatric multi-organ failure
    NIH R01HD098363Mar 20, 2019 - Feb 29, 2024
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Harvard Trauma Inflammation Training Program
    NIH T32GM103702Jul 1, 2013 - Jun 30, 2019
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Autocrine regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis
    NIH R01GM116162Jun 15, 2009 - Apr 30, 2020
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Purinergic receptors in inflammation
    NIH R01AI080582Jun 15, 2009 - May 31, 2014
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Autocrine control of neutrophil chemotaxis
    NIH R01AI072287May 15, 2009 - Apr 30, 2012
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Neutrophil activation and trauma
    NIH R01GM060475Dec 1, 1999 - Nov 30, 2017
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Purinergic regulation of T cells
    NIH R01GM051477Jun 1, 1996 - Jul 31, 2018
    Role: Principal Investigator
    HYPERTONIC SALINE AND IMMUNE FUNCTION
    NIH R29GM051477Jun 1, 1996 - May 31, 2002
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
    Newest   |   Oldest   |   Most Cited   |   Most Discussed   |   Timeline   |   Field Summary   |   Plain Text
    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Adenosine accumulation in the blood of newborn mice weakens antimicrobial host defenses. J Leukoc Biol. 2025 Jan 18. Ledderose C, Valsami EA, Elevado M, Stevenson A, Abutabikh R, Curatolo J, Junger WG. PMID: 39824218.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    2. Adenosine Triphosphate Release From Influenza-Infected Lungs Enhances Neutrophil Activation and Promotes Disease Progression. J Infect Dis. 2024 Jul 25; 230(1):120-130. Ledderose C, Valsami EA, Elevado M, Junger WG. PMID: 39052721; PMCID: PMC11272046.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    3. Effects of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid on the inflammatory response to experimental sleep restriction in healthy humans. Brain Behav Immun. 2024 Oct; 121:142-154. Engert LC, Ledderose C, Biniamin C, Birriel P, Buraks O, Chatterton B, Dang R, Daniel S, Eske A, Reed T, Tang A, Bertisch SM, Mullington JM, Junger WG, Haack M. PMID: 39043348; PMCID: PMC11389483.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    4. Impaired ATP hydrolysis in blood plasma contributes to age-related neutrophil dysfunction. Immun Ageing. 2024 Jul 03; 21(1):45. Ledderose C, Valsami EA, Elevado M, Liu Q, Giva B, Curatolo J, Delfin J, Abutabikh R, Junger WG. PMID: 38961477; PMCID: PMC11221114.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    5. Editorial overview: "Purinergic immune cell regulation reveals novel pharmacological targets". Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2024 04; 75:102435. Junger W, Ledderose C. PMID: 38277943.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    6. P2X1 and P2X7 Receptor Overexpression Is a Negative Predictor of Survival in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Apr 16; 15(8). Ledderose S, Rodler S, Eismann L, Ledderose G, Rudelius M, Junger WG, Ledderose C. PMID: 37190249; PMCID: PMC10136747.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6  
    7. ATP breakdown in plasma of children limits the antimicrobial effectiveness of their neutrophils. Purinergic Signal. 2023 12; 19(4):651-662. Ledderose C, Valsami EA, Newhams M, Elevado MJ, Novak T, Randolph AG, Junger WG. PMID: 36596963; PMCID: PMC10754799.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    8. Optimized flow cytometry assays to monitor neutrophil activation in human and mouse whole blood samples. J Immunol Methods. 2023 01; 512:113403. Ledderose C, Hashiguchi N, Valsami EA, Rusu C, Junger WG. PMID: 36502881.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    9. Correction: Hyperthermia and associated changes in membrane fluidity potentiate P2X7 activation to promote tumor cell death. Oncotarget. 2022 Oct 19; 13:1153-1154. de Andrade Mello P, Bian S, Savio LEB, Zhang H, Zhang J, Junger W, Wink MR, Lenz G, Buffon A, Wu Y, Robson SC. PMID: 36264079; PMCID: PMC9584421.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    10. Extracellular mitochondria drive CD8 T cell dysfunction in trauma by upregulating CD39. Thorax. 2023 02; 78(2):151-159. Tiwari-Heckler S, Lee GR, Harbison J, Ledderose C, Csizmadia E, Melton D, Zhang Q, Junger W, Chen G, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE, Longhi MS, Robson SC. PMID: 35613855; PMCID: PMC9691787.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    11. Optimized HPLC method to elucidate the complex purinergic signaling dynamics that regulate ATP, ADP, AMP, and adenosine levels in human blood. Purinergic Signal. 2022 06; 18(2):223-239. Ledderose C, Valsami EA, Junger WG. PMID: 35132577; PMCID: PMC9123122.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Structural and functional characterization of engineered bifunctional fusion proteins of CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021 01 01; 320(1):C15-C29. Zhong EH, Ledderose C, De Andrade Mello P, Enjyoji K, Lunderberg JM, Junger W, Robson SC. PMID: 33052071; PMCID: PMC7846972.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    13. Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia. Nature. 2020 10; 586(7829):417-423. Badimon A, Strasburger HJ, Ayata P, Chen X, Nair A, Ikegami A, Hwang P, Chan AT, Graves SM, Uweru JO, Ledderose C, Kutlu MG, Wheeler MA, Kahan A, Ishikawa M, Wang YC, Loh YE, Jiang JX, Surmeier DJ, Robson SC, Junger WG, Sebra R, Calipari ES, Kenny PJ, Eyo UB, Colonna M, Quintana FJ, Wake H, Gradinaru V, Schaefer A. PMID: 32999463; PMCID: PMC7577179.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 330     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    14. Mitochondria Synergize With P2 Receptors to Regulate Human T Cell Function. Front Immunol. 2020; 11:549889. Ledderose C, Junger WG. PMID: 33133068; PMCID: PMC7550529.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    15. The purinergic receptor P2Y11 choreographs the polarization, mitochondrial metabolism, and migration of T lymphocytes. Sci Signal. 2020 09 29; 13(651). Ledderose C, Bromberger S, Slubowski CJ, Sueyoshi K, Aytan D, Shen Y, Junger WG. PMID: 32994212; PMCID: PMC8826773.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    16. Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate Protects from Hypoxia by Lowering Mitochondrial Metabolism and Oxygen Demand. Shock. 2020 08; 54(2):237-244. Kondo Y, Sueyoshi K, Zhang J, Bao Y, Li X, Fakhari M, Slubowski CJ, Bahrami S, Ledderose C, Junger WG. PMID: 31460871; PMCID: PMC7044067.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    17. Frontline Science: P2Y11 receptors support T cell activation by directing mitochondrial trafficking to the immune synapse. J Leukoc Biol. 2021 03; 109(3):497-508. Ledderose C, Bromberger S, Slubowski CJ, Sueyoshi K, Junger WG. PMID: 32531829; PMCID: PMC8772287.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    18. Author Correction: NADH oxidase-dependent CD39 expression by CD8+ T cells modulates interferon gamma responses via generation of adenosine. Nat Commun. 2020 06 10; 11(1):3036. Bai A, Moss A, Rothweiler S, Longhi MS, Wu Y, Junger WG, Robson SC. PMID: 32522986; PMCID: PMC7287065.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    19. RIG-I and TLR4 responses and adverse outcomes in pediatric influenza-related critical illness. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 06; 145(6):1673-1680.e11. Novak T, Hall MW, McDonald DR, Newhams MM, Mistry AJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Mourani PM, Loftis LL, Weiss SL, Tarquinio KM, Markovitz B, Hartman ME, Schwarz A, Junger WG, Randolph AG, PALISI Pediatric Intensive Care Influenza (PICFLU) Network Investigators. PMID: 32035159; PMCID: PMC7323584.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    20. Airway brush cells generate cysteinyl leukotrienes through the ATP sensor P2Y2. Sci Immunol. 2020 01 17; 5(43). Ualiyeva S, Hallen N, Kanaoka Y, Ledderose C, Matsumoto I, Junger WG, Barrett NA, Bankova LG. PMID: 31953256; PMCID: PMC7176051.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 53     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    21. Frontline Science: Escherichia coli use LPS as decoy to impair neutrophil chemotaxis and defeat antimicrobial host defense. J Leukoc Biol. 2019 12; 106(6):1211-1219. Kondo Y, Ledderose C, Slubowski CJ, Fakhari M, Sumi Y, Sueyoshi K, Bezler AK, Aytan D, Arbab M, Junger WG. PMID: 31392789; PMCID: PMC6883117.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    22. Purinergic P2Y2 receptors modulate endothelial sprouting. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020 Mar; 77(5):885-901. Mühleder S, Fuchs C, Basílio J, Szwarc D, Pill K, Labuda K, Slezak P, Siehs C, Pröll J, Priglinger E, Hoffmann C, Junger WG, Redl H, Holnthoner W. PMID: 31278420; PMCID: PMC11104991.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    23. Plasma Adenylate Levels are Elevated in Cardiopulmonary Arrest Patients and May Predict Mortality. Shock. 2019 06; 51(6):698-705. Sumi Y, Ledderose C, Li L, Inoue Y, Okamoto K, Kondo Y, Sueyoshi K, Junger WG, Tanaka H. PMID: 30052576; PMCID: PMC6347542.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    24. Autocrine stimulation of P2Y1 receptors is part of the purinergic signaling mechanism that regulates T cell activation. Purinergic Signal. 2019 06; 15(2):127-137. Woehrle T, Ledderose C, Rink J, Slubowski C, Junger WG. PMID: 30919205; PMCID: PMC6635541.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    25. Lipopolysaccharide suppresses T cells by generating extracellular ATP that impairs their mitochondrial function via P2Y11 receptors. J Biol Chem. 2019 04 19; 294(16):6283-6293. Sueyoshi K, Ledderose C, Shen Y, Lee AH, Shapiro NI, Junger WG. PMID: 30787105; PMCID: PMC6484120.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    26. Adenosine Triphosphate Release is Required for Toll-Like Receptor-Induced Monocyte/Macrophage Activation, Inflammasome Signaling, Interleukin-1β Production, and the Host Immune Response to Infection. Crit Care Med. 2018 12; 46(12):e1183-e1189. Lee AH, Ledderose C, Li X, Slubowski CJ, Sueyoshi K, Staudenmaier L, Bao Y, Zhang J, Junger WG. PMID: 30247270; PMCID: PMC6239954.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    27. Purinergic P2X4 receptors and mitochondrial ATP production regulate T cell migration. J Clin Invest. 2018 08 01; 128(8):3583-3594. Ledderose C, Liu K, Kondo Y, Slubowski CJ, Dertnig T, Denicoló S, Arbab M, Hubner J, Konrad K, Fakhari M, Lederer JA, Robson SC, Visner GA, Junger WG. PMID: 29894310; PMCID: PMC6063471.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 79     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    28. Hyperthermia and associated changes in membrane fluidity potentiate P2X7 activation to promote tumor cell death. Oncotarget. 2017 Sep 15; 8(40):67254-67268. de Andrade Mello P, Bian S, Savio LEB, Zhang H, Zhang J, Junger W, Wink MR, Lenz G, Buffon A, Wu Y, Robson SC. PMID: 28978031; PMCID: PMC5620171.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    
    29. Systemic Adenosine Triphosphate Impairs Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Host Defense in Sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2017 Jan; 45(1):e97-e104. Li X, Kondo Y, Bao Y, Staudenmaier L, Lee A, Zhang J, Ledderose C, Junger WG. PMID: 27548819; PMCID: PMC5546305.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    30. Shock wave-induced ATP release from osteosarcoma U2OS cells promotes cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of methotrexate. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2016 10 03; 35(1):161. Qi B, Yu T, Wang C, Wang T, Yao J, Zhang X, Deng P, Xia Y, Junger WG, Sun D. PMID: 27716441; PMCID: PMC5048460.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    31. Adenosine arrests breast cancer cell motility by A3 receptor stimulation. Purinergic Signal. 2016 12; 12(4):673-685. Ledderose C, Hefti MM, Chen Y, Bao Y, Seier T, Li L, Woehrle T, Zhang J, Junger WG. PMID: 27577957; PMCID: PMC5124008.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    32. Purinergic Signaling and the Immune Response in Sepsis: A Review. Clin Ther. 2016 05; 38(5):1054-65. Ledderose C, Bao Y, Kondo Y, Fakhari M, Slubowski C, Zhang J, Junger WG. PMID: 27156007; PMCID: PMC4875817.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    33. Cutting off the power: inhibition of leukemia cell growth by pausing basal ATP release and P2X receptor signaling? Purinergic Signal. 2016 09; 12(3):439-51. Ledderose C, Woehrle T, Ledderose S, Strasser K, Seist R, Bao Y, Zhang J, Junger WG. PMID: 27020575; PMCID: PMC5023625.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 24     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    34. NADH oxidase-dependent CD39 expression by CD8(+) T cells modulates interferon gamma responses via generation of adenosine. Nat Commun. 2015 Nov 09; 6:8819. Bai A, Moss A, Rothweiler S, Serena Longhi M, Wu Y, Junger WG, Robson SC. PMID: 26549640; PMCID: PMC4667632.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 39     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    35. CD39 Expression Identifies Terminally Exhausted CD8+ T Cells. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Oct; 11(10):e1005177. Gupta PK, Godec J, Wolski D, Adland E, Yates K, Pauken KE, Cosgrove C, Ledderose C, Junger WG, Robson SC, Wherry EJ, Alter G, Goulder PJ, Klenerman P, Sharpe AH, Lauer GM, Haining WN. PMID: 26485519; PMCID: PMC4618999.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 219     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    36. mTOR and differential activation of mitochondria orchestrate neutrophil chemotaxis. J Cell Biol. 2015 Sep 28; 210(7):1153-64. Bao Y, Ledderose C, Graf AF, Brix B, Birsak T, Lee A, Zhang J, Junger WG. PMID: 26416965; PMCID: PMC4586745.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 79     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    37. Inhibition of Neutrophils by Hypertonic Saline Involves Pannexin-1, CD39, CD73, and Other Ectonucleotidases. Shock. 2015 Sep; 44(3):221-7. Chen Y, Bao Y, Zhang J, Woehrle T, Sumi Y, Ledderose S, Li X, Ledderose C, Junger WG. PMID: 26009814; PMCID: PMC4537693.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    38. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Depleted Purinergic Signaling, and Defective T Cell Vigilance and Immune Defense. J Infect Dis. 2016 Feb 01; 213(3):456-64. Ledderose C, Bao Y, Ledderose S, Woehrle T, Heinisch M, Yip L, Zhang J, Robson SC, Shapiro NI, Junger WG. PMID: 26150546; PMCID: PMC4704665.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    39. Prehospital Resuscitation of Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock with Hypertonic Solutions Worsens Hypocoagulation and Hyperfibrinolysis. Shock. 2015 Jul; 44(1):25-31. Delano MJ, Rizoli SB, Rhind SG, Cuschieri J, Junger W, Baker AJ, Dubick MA, Hoyt DB, Bulger EM. PMID: 25784523; PMCID: PMC4607051.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    40. Shock wave treatment enhances cell proliferation and improves wound healing by ATP release-coupled extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. J Biol Chem. 2014 Sep 26; 289(39):27090-27104. Weihs AM, Fuchs C, Teuschl AH, Hartinger J, Slezak P, Mittermayr R, Redl H, Junger WG, Sitte HH, Rünzler D. PMID: 25118288; PMCID: PMC4175346.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 67     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCellsCTClinical Trials
    41. Mitochondria regulate neutrophil activation by generating ATP for autocrine purinergic signaling. J Biol Chem. 2014 Sep 26; 289(39):26794-26803. Bao Y, Ledderose C, Seier T, Graf AF, Brix B, Chong E, Junger WG. PMID: 25104353; PMCID: PMC4175322.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 71     Fields:    Translation:HumansCellsCTClinical Trials
    42. Plasma ATP is required for neutrophil activation in a mouse sepsis model. Shock. 2014 Aug; 42(2):142-7. Sumi Y, Woehrle T, Chen Y, Bao Y, Li X, Yao Y, Inoue Y, Tanaka H, Junger WG. PMID: 24675414; PMCID: PMC4107005.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 38     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    43. Mitochondria are gate-keepers of T cell function by producing the ATP that drives purinergic signaling. J Biol Chem. 2014 Sep 12; 289(37):25936-45. Ledderose C, Bao Y, Lidicky M, Zipperle J, Li L, Strasser K, Shapiro NI, Junger WG. PMID: 25070895; PMCID: PMC4162192.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 53     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    44. Abandon the mouse research ship? Not just yet! Shock. 2014 Jun; 41(6):463-75. Osuchowski MF, Remick DG, Lederer JA, Lang CH, Aasen AO, Aibiki M, Azevedo LC, Bahrami S, Boros M, Cooney R, Cuzzocrea S, Jiang Y, Junger WG, Hirasawa H, Hotchkiss RS, Li XA, Radermacher P, Redl H, Salomao R, Soebandrio A, Thiemermann C, Vincent JL, Ward P, Yao YM, Yu HP, Zingarelli B, Chaudry IH. PMID: 24569509; PMCID: PMC4139038.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 93     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    45. Prehospital hypertonic saline resuscitation attenuates the activation and promotes apoptosis of neutrophils in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Shock. 2013 Nov; 40(5):366-74. Junger WG, Rhind SG, Rizoli SB, Cuschieri J, Baker AJ, Shek PN, Hoyt DB, Bulger EM. PMID: 24088993; PMCID: PMC3913169.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    46. Monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR expression-a tool to distinguish intestinal bacterial infections from inflammatory bowel disease? Shock. 2013 Aug; 40(2):89-94. Tillinger W, Jilch R, Waldhoer T, Reinisch W, Junger W. PMID: 23860582; PMCID: PMC4243300.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    47. Pannexin 1 channels link chemoattractant receptor signaling to local excitation and global inhibition responses at the front and back of polarized neutrophils. J Biol Chem. 2013 Aug 02; 288(31):22650-7. Bao Y, Chen Y, Ledderose C, Li L, Junger WG. PMID: 23798685; PMCID: PMC3829350.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 63     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    48. Shockwaves induce osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through ATP release and activation of P2X7 receptors. Stem Cells. 2013 Jun; 31(6):1170-80. Sun D, Junger WG, Yuan C, Zhang W, Bao Y, Qin D, Wang C, Tan L, Qi B, Zhu D, Zhang X, Yu T. PMID: 23404811; PMCID: PMC4243484.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    49. Pulmonary natural killer T cells play an essential role in mediating hyperoxic acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013 May; 48(5):601-9. Nowak-Machen M, Schmelzle M, Hanidziar D, Junger W, Exley M, Otterbein L, Wu Y, Csizmadia E, Doherty G, Sitkovsky M, Robson SC. PMID: 23349052; PMCID: PMC3707383.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    50. P2X7 integrates PI3K/AKT and AMPK-PRAS40-mTOR signaling pathways to mediate tumor cell death. PLoS One. 2013; 8(4):e60184. Bian S, Sun X, Bai A, Zhang C, Li L, Enjyoji K, Junger WG, Robson SC, Wu Y. PMID: 23565201; PMCID: PMC3615040.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 71     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    51. CD39 modulates hematopoietic stem cell recruitment and promotes liver regeneration in mice and humans after partial hepatectomy. Ann Surg. 2013 Apr; 257(4):693-701. Schmelzle M, Duhme C, Junger W, Salhanick SD, Chen Y, Wu Y, Toxavidis V, Csizmadia E, Han L, Bian S, Fürst G, Nowak M, Karp SJ, Knoefel WT, Esch JSA, Robson SC. PMID: 23474584; PMCID: PMC4243517.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    52. Disordered purinergic signaling and abnormal cellular metabolism are associated with development of liver cancer in Cd39/ENTPD1 null mice. Hepatology. 2013 Jan; 57(1):205-16. Sun X, Han L, Seth P, Bian S, Li L, Csizmadia E, Junger WG, Schmelzle M, Usheva A, Tapper EB, Baffy G, Sukhatme VP, Wu Y, Robson SC. PMID: 22859060; PMCID: PMC3505255.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 54     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    53. Resuscitation of traumatic hemorrhagic shock patients with hypertonic saline-without dextran-inhibits neutrophil and endothelial cell activation. Shock. 2012 Oct; 38(4):341-50. Junger WG, Rhind SG, Rizoli SB, Cuschieri J, Shiu MY, Baker AJ, Li L, Shek PN, Hoyt DB, Bulger EM. PMID: 22777113; PMCID: PMC3455119.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 34     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    54. ATP release and autocrine signaling through P2X4 receptors regulate γδ T cell activation. J Leukoc Biol. 2012 Oct; 92(4):787-94. Manohar M, Hirsh MI, Chen Y, Woehrle T, Karande AA, Junger WG. PMID: 22753954; PMCID: PMC3441317.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 30     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    55. Measurement of oxidative burst in neutrophils. Methods Mol Biol. 2012; 844:115-24. Chen Y, Junger WG. PMID: 22262438; PMCID: PMC4214271.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 66     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    56. Bacterial DNA induces pulmonary damage via TLR-9 through cross-talk with neutrophils. Shock. 2011 Dec; 36(6):548-52. Itagaki K, Adibnia Y, Sun S, Zhao C, Sursal T, Chen Y, Junger W, Hauser CJ. PMID: 21937948; PMCID: PMC3220777.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    57. Increased neutrophil adenosine a3 receptor expression is associated with hemorrhagic shock and injury severity in trauma patients. Shock. 2011 Nov; 36(5):435-9. Bulger EM, Tower CM, Warner KJ, Garland T, Cuschieri J, Rizoli S, Rhind S, Junger WG. PMID: 21841534; PMCID: PMC3204900.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    58. Immune cell regulation by autocrine purinergic signalling. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Mar; 11(3):201-12. Junger WG. PMID: 21331080; PMCID: PMC4209705.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 390     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    59. A3 adenosine receptor inhibition improves the efficacy of hypertonic saline resuscitation. Shock. 2011 Feb; 35(2):178-83. Inoue Y, Tanaka H, Sumi Y, Woehrle T, Chen Y, Hirsh MI, Junger WG. PMID: 20661181; PMCID: PMC3038630.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    60. Hypertonic stress regulates T cell function via pannexin-1 hemichannels and P2X receptors. J Leukoc Biol. 2010 Dec; 88(6):1181-9. Woehrle T, Yip L, Manohar M, Sumi Y, Yao Y, Chen Y, Junger WG. PMID: 20884646; PMCID: PMC2996895.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 50     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    61. Adrenergic receptor activation involves ATP release and feedback through purinergic receptors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Nov; 299(5):C1118-26. Sumi Y, Woehrle T, Chen Y, Yao Y, Li A, Junger WG. PMID: 20668211; PMCID: PMC2980303.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    62. Pannexin-1 hemichannel-mediated ATP release together with P2X1 and P2X4 receptors regulate T-cell activation at the immune synapse. Blood. 2010 Nov 04; 116(18):3475-84. Woehrle T, Yip L, Elkhal A, Sumi Y, Chen Y, Yao Y, Insel PA, Junger WG. PMID: 20660288; PMCID: PMC2981474.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 175     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    63. Purinergic signaling: a fundamental mechanism in neutrophil activation. Sci Signal. 2010 Jun 08; 3(125):ra45. Chen Y, Yao Y, Sumi Y, Li A, To UK, Elkhal A, Inoue Y, Woehrle T, Zhang Q, Hauser C, Junger WG. PMID: 20530802; PMCID: PMC4209711.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 121     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    64. Deletion of CD39 on natural killer cells attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Hepatology. 2010 May; 51(5):1702-11. Beldi G, Banz Y, Kroemer A, Sun X, Wu Y, Graubardt N, Rellstab A, Nowak M, Enjyoji K, Li X, Junger WG, Candinas D, Robson SC. PMID: 20146261; PMCID: PMC2903010.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 41     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    65. Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury. Nature. 2010 Mar 04; 464(7285):104-7. Zhang Q, Raoof M, Chen Y, Sumi Y, Sursal T, Junger W, Brohi K, Itagaki K, Hauser CJ. PMID: 20203610; PMCID: PMC2843437.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1746     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    66. Shockwaves increase T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression through ATP release, P2X7 receptors, and FAK activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Mar; 298(3):C457-64. Yu T, Junger WG, Yuan C, Jin A, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Zeng Y, Liu J. PMID: 19889958; PMCID: PMC4631534.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    67. Autocrine regulation of T-cell activation by ATP release and P2X7 receptors. FASEB J. 2009 Jun; 23(6):1685-93. Yip L, Woehrle T, Corriden R, Hirsh M, Chen Y, Inoue Y, Ferrari V, Insel PA, Junger WG. PMID: 19211924; PMCID: PMC2718802.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 155     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    68. Hypertonic saline increases gammadeltaT cell-mediated killing of activated neutrophils. Crit Care Med. 2008 Dec; 36(12):3220-5. Hirsh MI, Hashiguchi N, Junger WG. PMID: 18936699; PMCID: PMC4212635.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    69. Hypertonic saline reduces neutrophil-epithelial interactions in vitro and gut tissue damage in a mouse model of colitis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 Dec; 295(6):R1839-45. Tillinger W, McCole DF, Keely SJ, Bertelsen LS, Wolf PL, Junger WG, Barrett KE. PMID: 18832091; PMCID: PMC2685287.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    70. Hypertonic saline up-regulates A3 adenosine receptor expression of activated neutrophils and increases acute lung injury after sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2008 Sep; 36(9):2569-75. Inoue Y, Chen Y, Pauzenberger R, Hirsh MI, Junger WG. PMID: 18679117; PMCID: PMC2643471.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    71. Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (E-NTPDase1/CD39) regulates neutrophil chemotaxis by hydrolyzing released ATP to adenosine. J Biol Chem. 2008 Oct 17; 283(42):28480-6. Corriden R, Chen Y, Inoue Y, Beldi G, Robson SC, Insel PA, Junger WG. PMID: 18713747; PMCID: PMC2568933.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 64     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    72. A3 and P2Y2 receptors control the recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs in a mouse model of sepsis. Shock. 2008 Aug; 30(2):173-7. Inoue Y, Chen Y, Hirsh MI, Yip L, Junger WG. PMID: 18091570; PMCID: PMC4212521.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 45     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    73. Purinergic regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Aug; 65(16):2528-40. Junger WG. PMID: 18463789; PMCID: PMC4214070.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 39     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    74. Roles of heat shock proteins and gamma delta T cells in inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 Nov; 39(5):509-13. Hirsh MI, Junger WG. PMID: 18566334; PMCID: PMC2574523.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    75. A novel method using fluorescence microscopy for real-time assessment of ATP release from individual cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Oct; 293(4):C1420-5. Corriden R, Insel PA, Junger WG. PMID: 17699635.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    76. Mice lacking P2Y2 receptors have salt-resistant hypertension and facilitated renal Na+ and water reabsorption. FASEB J. 2007 Nov; 21(13):3717-26. Rieg T, Bundey RA, Chen Y, Deschenes G, Junger W, Insel PA, Vallon V. PMID: 17575258.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 108     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    77. Hypertonic stress regulates T-cell function by the opposing actions of extracellular adenosine triphosphate and adenosine. Shock. 2007 Mar; 27(3):242-50. Yip L, Cheung CW, Corriden R, Chen Y, Insel PA, Junger WG. PMID: 17304104.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    78. Leptin acts as a mitogenic and antiapoptotic factor for colonic cancer cells. Br J Surg. 2007 Mar; 94(3):346-54. Hoda MR, Keely SJ, Bertelsen LS, Junger WG, Dharmasena D, Barrett KE. PMID: 17212381.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 54     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    79. Hypertonic saline resuscitation: efficacy may require early treatment in severely injured patients. J Trauma. 2007 Feb; 62(2):299-306. Hashiguchi N, Lum L, Romeril E, Chen Y, Yip L, Hoyt DB, Junger WG. PMID: 17297316.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    80. ATP release guides neutrophil chemotaxis via P2Y2 and A3 receptors. Science. 2006 Dec 15; 314(5806):1792-5. Chen Y, Corriden R, Inoue Y, Yip L, Hashiguchi N, Zinkernagel A, Nizet V, Insel PA, Junger WG. PMID: 17170310.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 439     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    81. Surface expression of HSP72 by LPS-stimulated neutrophils facilitates gammadeltaT cell-mediated killing. Eur J Immunol. 2006 Mar; 36(3):712-21. Hirsh MI, Hashiguchi N, Chen Y, Yip L, Junger WG. PMID: 16482515.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    82. Small-volume fluid resuscitation with hypertonic saline prevents inflammation but not mortality in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. Shock. 2006 Mar; 25(3):283-9. Bahrami S, Zimmermann K, Szelényi Z, Hamar J, Scheiflinger F, Redl H, Junger WG. PMID: 16552361.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 25     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    83. Hypertonic saline enhances neutrophil elastase release through activation of P2 and A3 receptors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2006 Apr; 290(4):C1051-9. Chen Y, Hashiguchi N, Yip L, Junger WG. PMID: 16282197.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    84. Osmotic regulation of cell function and possible clinical applications. Shock. 2004 May; 21(5):391-400. Shukla A, Hashiguchi N, Chen Y, Coimbra R, Hoyt DB, Junger WG. PMID: 15087814.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    85. A putative osmoreceptor system that controls neutrophil function through the release of ATP, its conversion to adenosine, and activation of A2 adenosine and P2 receptors. J Leukoc Biol. 2004 Jul; 76(1):245-53. Chen Y, Shukla A, Namiki S, Insel PA, Junger WG. PMID: 15107462.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 42     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    86. Inhibition of enteral enzymes by enteroclysis with nafamostat mesilate reduces neutrophil activation and transfusion requirements after hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma. 2004 Mar; 56(3):501-10; discussion 510-1. Doucet JJ, Hoyt DB, Coimbra R, Schmid-Schönbein GW, Junger WG, Paul L W, Loomis WH, Hugli TE. PMID: 15128119.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    87. Pentoxifylline reduces acute lung injury in chronic endotoxemia. J Surg Res. 2003 Nov; 115(1):92-9. Michetti C, Coimbra R, Hoyt DB, Loomis W, Junger W, Wolf P. PMID: 14572778.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    88. Pancreatic enzymes sustain systemic inflammation after an initial endotoxin challenge. Surgery. 2003 Sep; 134(3):446-56. Fitzal F, Delano FA, Young C, Rosario HS, Junger WG, Schmid-Schönbein GW. PMID: 14555932.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    89. Effect of dose of hypertonic saline on its potential to prevent lung tissue damage in a mouse model of hemorrhagic shock. Shock. 2003 Jul; 20(1):29-34. Murao Y, Loomis W, Wolf P, Hoyt DB, Junger WG. PMID: 12813365.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 38     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    90. Hypertonic saline resuscitation reduces apoptosis and tissue damage of the small intestine in a mouse model of hemorrhagic shock. Shock. 2003 Jul; 20(1):23-8. Murao Y, Hata M, Ohnishi K, Okuchi K, Nakajima Y, Hiasa Y, Junger WG, Hoyt DB, Ohnishi T. PMID: 12813364.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    91. Hypertonicity promotes survival of corticospinal motoneurons via mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 signaling. J Mol Neurosci. 2003; 21(2):111-20. Junger H, Edelman DB, Junger WG. PMID: 14593211.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    92. Hypertonic stress increases T cell interleukin-2 expression through a mechanism that involves ATP release, P2 receptor, and p38 MAPK activation. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 14; 278(7):4590-6. Loomis WH, Namiki S, Ostrom RS, Insel PA, Junger WG. PMID: 12464620.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 45     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    93. Hypertonicity increases cAMP in PMN and blocks oxidative burst by PKA-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2002 Jun; 282(6):C1261-9. Orlic T, Loomis WH, Shreve A, Namiki S, Junger WG. PMID: 11997240.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    94. Hypertonicity rescues T cells from suppression by trauma-induced anti-inflammatory mediators. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001 Sep; 281(3):C840-8. Loomis WH, Namiki S, Hoyt DB, Junger WG. PMID: 11502561.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 19     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    95. Hypertonic saline infusion: can it regulate human neutrophil function? Shock. 2000 Nov; 14(5):503-8. Angle N, Cabello-Passini R, Hoyt DB, Loomis WH, Shreve A, Namiki S, Junger WG. PMID: 11092681.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    96. Does the timing of hypertonic saline resuscitation affect its potential to prevent lung damage? Shock. 2000 Jul; 14(1):18-23. Murao Y, Hoyt DB, Loomis W, Namiki S, Patel N, Wolf P, Junger WG. PMID: 10909888.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    97. CNTF and GDNF, but not NT-4, support corticospinal motor neuron growth via direct mechanisms. Neuroreport. 1998 Nov 16; 9(16):3749-54. Junger H, Junger WG. PMID: 9858391.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    98. Subxiphoidal videomediastinoscopy for diagnostic access to the anterior mediastinum. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998 Oct; 66(4):1427-8. Hutter J, Junger W, Miller K, Moritz E. PMID: 9800856.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    99. Hypertonic saline resuscitation reduces neutrophil margination by suppressing neutrophil L selectin expression. J Trauma. 1998 Jul; 45(1):7-12; discussion 12-3. Angle N, Hoyt DB, Cabello-Passini R, Herdon-Remelius C, Loomis W, Junger WG. PMID: 9680004.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    100. Hypertonicity regulates the function of human neutrophils by modulating chemoattractant receptor signaling and activating mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. J Clin Invest. 1998 Jun 15; 101(12):2768-79. Junger WG, Hoyt DB, Davis RE, Herdon-Remelius C, Namiki S, Junger H, Loomis W, Altman A. PMID: 9637711; PMCID: PMC508868.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 39     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    101. Hypertonic saline resuscitation diminishes lung injury by suppressing neutrophil activation after hemorrhagic shock. Shock. 1998 Mar; 9(3):164-70. Angle N, Hoyt DB, Coimbra R, Liu F, Herdon-Remelius C, Loomis W, Junger WG. PMID: 9525322.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 40     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    102. Delayed diagnosis of malignant tumors missed at laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 1997 Oct; 11(10):1010-2. Junger W, Junger WG, Hutter J, Miller K, Moritz E. PMID: 9381338.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    103. Hypertonic saline resuscitation: a tool to modulate immune function in trauma patients? Shock. 1997 Oct; 8(4):235-41. Junger WG, Coimbra R, Liu FC, Herdon-Remelius C, Junger W, Junger H, Loomis W, Hoyt DB, Altman A. PMID: 9329123.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 32     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    104. Hypertonic saline resuscitation decreases susceptibility to sepsis after hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma. 1997 Apr; 42(4):602-6; discussion 606-7. Coimbra R, Hoyt DB, Junger WG, Angle N, Wolf P, Loomis W, Evers MF. PMID: 9137245.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    105. Hypertonic saline activates protein tyrosine kinases and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 in T-cells. J Trauma. 1997 Mar; 42(3):437-43; discussion 443-5. Junger WG, Hoyt DB, Hamreus M, Liu FC, Herdon-Remelius C, Junger W, Altman A. PMID: 9095111.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    106. Early detection of anastomotic leaks after colorectal surgery by measuring endotoxin in the drainage fluid. Hepatogastroenterology. 1996 Nov-Dec; 43(12):1523-9. Junger W, Junger WG, Miller K, Bahrami S, Redl H, Schlag G, Moritz E. PMID: 8975959.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    107. Proliferation assays with human, rabbit, rat, and mouse lymphocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 1996 Oct; 32(9):520-3. Liu FC, Hoyt DB, Coimbra R, Junger WG. PMID: 8946221.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    108. Hypertonic saline resuscitation restores hemorrhage-induced immunosuppression by decreasing prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-4 production. J Surg Res. 1996 Aug; 64(2):203-9. Coimbra R, Junger WG, Hoyt DB, Liu FC, Loomis WH, Evers MF. PMID: 8812634.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 13     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    109. Acute lung injury in endotoxemic rats is associated with sustained circulating IL-6 levels and intrapulmonary CINC activity and neutrophil recruitment--role of circulating TNF-alpha and IL-beta? Shock. 1996 Jul; 6(1):39-45. Simons RK, Junger WG, Loomis WH, Hoyt DB. PMID: 8828083.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    110. Immunosuppression after endotoxin shock: the result of multiple anti-inflammatory factors. J Trauma. 1996 May; 40(5):702-9. Junger WG, Hoyt DB, Liu FC, Loomis WH, Coimbra R. PMID: 8614067.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    111. Hypertonic/hyperoncotic fluids reverse prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced T-cell suppression. Shock. 1995 Jul; 4(1):45-9. Coimbra R, Junger WG, Liu FC, Loomis WH, Hoyt DB. PMID: 7552777.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    112. Tumor necrosis factor antibody treatment of septic baboons reduces the production of sustained T-cell suppressive factors. Shock. 1995 Mar; 3(3):173-8. Junger WG, Hoyt DB, Redl H, Liu FC, Loomis WH, Davies J, Schlag G. PMID: 7773795.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    113. Effects of trauma on immune cell function: impairment of intracellular calcium signaling. Shock. 1994 Jul; 2(1):23-8. Hoyt DB, Junger WG, Loomis WH, Liu FC. PMID: 7735980.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    114. Hypertonic saline enhances cellular immune function. Circ Shock. 1994 Apr; 42(4):190-6. Junger WG, Liu FC, Loomis WH, Hoyt DB. PMID: 8055665.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 38     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    115. Hypertonic saline solution as disinfectant. East Afr Med J. 1994 Feb; 71(2):83. Junger WG, Liu FC, Loomis WB, Hoyt DB. PMID: 7925049.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    116. Improved rapid photometric assay for quantitative measurement of PMN migration. J Immunol Methods. 1993 Mar 15; 160(1):73-9. Junger WG, Cardoza TA, Liu FC, Hoyt DB, Goodwin R. PMID: 8383721.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    117. The enzymatic and release characteristics of sheep neutrophil elastase: a comparison with human neutrophil elastase. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1992 Aug; 373(8):691-8. Junger WG, Hallström S, Liu FC, Redl H, Schlag G. PMID: 1418684.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    118. Inhibition of human, ovine, and baboon neutrophil elastase with Eglin c and secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1992 Mar; 373(3):119-22. Junger WG, Hallström S, Redl H, Schlag G. PMID: 1350199.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    119. Alteration in Ca2+ homeostasis by a trauma peptide. J Surg Res. 1991 Dec; 51(6):477-83. Hoyt DB, Ozkan AN, Frevert J, Junger WG, Loomis WH. PMID: 1943084.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    120. Reasons for the ineffectiveness of eglin C to ameliorate endotoxin shock in sheep. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1989; 308:953-7. Junger WG, Lieners C, Redl H, Schlag G. PMID: 2780742.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    121. Characterization of sheep alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor: important differences from the human protein. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Nov; 138(5):1358. Junger WG, Hallström S, Redl H, Schlag G. PMID: 3264484.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    122. The elastase-inhibitor eglin has no effect in an ovine model of endotoxemia. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1988 May; 369 Suppl:153-6. Redl H, Schlag G, Vogl C, Schiesser A, Paul E, Thurnher M, Junger W, Traber LD, Traber DL. PMID: 3060136.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    123. Preliminary data on isolation of an elastase-like proteinase and its inhibitor from ovine neutrophil granulocytes. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1988 May; 369 Suppl:63-8. Junger W, Hallström S, Redl H, Schlag G. PMID: 3060145.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
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