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Warren Lewis

Title(s)Assistant Professor In Residence, Ob/Gyn & Reproductive sciences
SchoolVc-health Sciences-schools
Address9500 Gilman Drive #
La Jolla CA 92093
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    Glycogen in bacterial Vaginosis & How Carbohydrates Shape the Vaginal Microbiome
    NIH R01AI127554Jun 7, 2017 - May 31, 2022
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Roles of sialidase in G. vaginalis-host interactions during bacterial vaginosis
    NIH R01AI114635Dec 1, 2014 - Nov 30, 2024
    Role: Principal Investigator

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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Degradation of Resistant α-1,4-glucan by Vaginal Gardnerella Species is Associated with Bacterial Vaginosis. Curr Microbiol. 2025 Sep 02; 82(10):487. Hertzberger R, Morselli S, Botschuijver S, Himschoot L, Steenbergen L, Bruisten S, Lewis W, Cools P, Kort R. PMID: 40892095; PMCID: PMC12405377.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    2. Bacterial vaginosis toxins impair sperm capacitation and fertilization. Hum Reprod. 2025 Sep 01; 40(9):1720-1734. Bhagwat S, Asadi L, McCarthy R, Ferreira J, Li P, Li E, Spivak S, Gaydon A, Reddy V, Armstrong C, Morrill SR, Zhou H, Lewis AL, Lewis WG, Santi CM. PMID: 40652342; PMCID: PMC12370371.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    3. Preclinical validation of electrospun fibers to achieve vaginal colonization by Lactobacillus crispatus. Front Bacteriol. 2025; 4. Armstrong CN, Saha S, Aagard MA, Mahmoud MY, Varki NM, Gilbert NM, Frieboes HB, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. PMID: 40831599; PMCID: PMC12360433.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    4. Bacterial Vaginosis Toxins Impair Sperm Capacitation and Fertilization. bioRxiv. 2025 Mar 07. Bhagwat S, Asadi L, McCarthy R, Ferreira J, Li P, Li E, Spivak S, Gaydon A, Reddy V, Armstrong C, Morrill SR, Zhou H, Lewis AL, Lewis WG, Santi CM. PMID: 40093112; PMCID: PMC11908240.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    5. Sustained dual delivery of metronidazole and viable Lactobacillus crispatus from 3D-printed silicone shells. Biomater Adv. 2024 Dec; 165:214005. Kyser AJ, Mahmoud MY, Fotouh B, Patel R, Armstrong C, Aagard M, Rush I, Lewis W, Lewis A, Frieboes HB. PMID: 39208497; PMCID: PMC11443601.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    6. Estimating Uncertainty of Geographic Atrophy Segmentations with Bayesian Deep Learning. Ophthalmol Sci. 2025 Jan-Feb; 5(1):100587. Spaide T, Rajesh AE, Gim N, Blazes M, Lee CS, Macivannan N, Lee G, Lewis W, Salehi A, de Sisternes L, Herrera G, Shen M, Gregori G, Rosenfeld PJ, Pramil V, Waheed N, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Lee AY. PMID: 39380882; PMCID: PMC11459066.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    7. Resident microbes shape the vaginal epithelial glycan landscape. Sci Transl Med. 2023 11 29; 15(724):eabp9599. Agarwal K, Choudhury B, Robinson LS, Morrill SR, Bouchibiti Y, Chilin-Fuentes D, Rosenthal SB, Fisch KM, Peipert JF, Lebrilla CB, Allsworth JE, Lewis AL, Lewis WG. PMID: 38019934; PMCID: PMC11419735.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    8. Gardnerella Vaginolysin Potentiates Glycan Molecular Mimicry by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Infect Dis. 2023 11 28; 228(11):1610-1620. Morrill SR, Saha S, Varki AP, Lewis WG, Ram S, Lewis AL. PMID: 37722688; PMCID: PMC10681867.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    9. Pseudoaveraging for denoising of OCT angiography: a deep learning approach for image quality enhancement in healthy and diabetic eyes. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2023 Oct 11; 9(1):62. Abu-Qamar O, Lewis W, Mendonca LSM, De Sisternes L, Chin A, Alibhai AY, Gendelman I, Reichel E, Magazzeni S, Kubach S, Durbin M, Witkin AJ, Baumal CR, Duker JS, Waheed NK. PMID: 37822004; PMCID: PMC10568842.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3  
    10. Mesh and layered electrospun fiber architectures as vehicles for Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus crispatus intended for vaginal delivery. Biomater Adv. 2023 Nov; 154:213614. Minooei F, Kanukunta AR, Mahmoud MY, Gilbert NM, Lewis WG, Lewis AL, Frieboes HB, Steinbach-Rankins JM. PMID: 37659215; PMCID: PMC10873095.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    11. Rapid-dissolving electrospun nanofibers for intra-vaginal antibiotic or probiotic delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2023 Sep; 190:81-93. Minooei F, Gilbert NM, Zhang L, Sarah NeCamp M, Mahmoud MY, Kyser AJ, Tyo KM, Watson WH, Patwardhan R, Lewis WG, Frieboes HB, Lewis AL, Steinbach-Rankins JM. PMID: 37479065; PMCID: PMC10530173.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    12. Formulation and characterization of pressure-assisted microsyringe 3D-printed scaffolds for controlled intravaginal antibiotic release. Int J Pharm. 2023 Jun 25; 641:123054. Kyser AJ, Mahmoud MY, Herold SE, Lewis WG, Lewis AL, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Frieboes HB. PMID: 37207856; PMCID: PMC10330500.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Fabrication and characterization of bioprints with Lactobacillus crispatus for vaginal application. J Control Release. 2023 05; 357:545-560. Kyser AJ, Masigol M, Mahmoud MY, Ryan M, Lewis WG, Lewis AL, Frieboes HB, Steinbach-Rankins JM. PMID: 37076014; PMCID: PMC10696519.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    14. Lactobacillus crispatus-loaded electrospun fibers yield viable and metabolically active bacteria that kill Gardnerella in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2023 Jun; 187:68-75. Mahmoud MY, Wesley M, Kyser A, Lewis WG, Lewis AL, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Frieboes HB. PMID: 37086869; PMCID: PMC10192109.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    15. Release Kinetics of Metronidazole from 3D Printed Silicone Scaffolds for Sustained Application to the Female Reproductive Tract. Biomed Eng Adv. 2023 Jun; 5. Herold SE, Kyser AJ, Orr MG, Mahmoud MY, Lewis WG, Lewis AL, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Frieboes HB. PMID: 37123989; PMCID: PMC10136949.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8  
    16. Use of Leishmania major parasites expressing a recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi antigen as live vaccines against Chagas disease. Front Microbiol. 2022; 13:1059115. Cai CW, O'Shea A, Eickhoff CS, Guo H, Lewis WG, Beverley SM, Hoft DF. PMID: 36523834; PMCID: PMC9745109.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    17. Models of Murine Vaginal Colonization by Anaerobically Grown Bacteria. J Vis Exp. 2022 05 25; (183). Morrill SR, Agarwal K, Saha S, Lewis WG, Gilbert NM, Lewis AL. PMID: 35695538; PMCID: PMC9678008.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    18. Glycan cross-feeding supports mutualism between Fusobacterium and the vaginal microbiota. PLoS Biol. 2020 08; 18(8):e3000788. Agarwal K, Robinson LS, Aggarwal S, Foster LR, Hernandez-Leyva A, Lin H, Tortelli BA, O'Brien VP, Miller L, Kau AL, Reno H, Gilbert NM, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. PMID: 32841232; PMCID: PMC7447053.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    19. Associations between the vaginal microbiome and Candida colonization in women of reproductive age. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 05; 222(5):471.e1-471.e9. Tortelli BA, Lewis WG, Allsworth JE, Member-Meneh N, Foster LR, Reno HE, Peipert JF, Fay JC, Lewis AL. PMID: 31654610; PMCID: PMC7236091.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    20. Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella bivia Trigger Distinct and Overlapping Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Vaginosis. J Infect Dis. 2019 08 30; 220(7):1099-1108. Gilbert NM, Lewis WG, Li G, Sojka DK, Lubin JB, Lewis AL. PMID: 30715405; PMCID: PMC6736442.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 61     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    21. Identification and characterization of NanH2 and NanH3, enzymes responsible for sialidase activity in the vaginal bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis. J Biol Chem. 2019 04 05; 294(14):5230-5245. Robinson LS, Schwebke J, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. PMID: 30723162; PMCID: PMC6462536.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 39     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    22. Association between obesity and bacterial vaginosis as assessed by Nugent score. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 05; 220(5):476.e1-476.e11. Brookheart RT, Lewis WG, Peipert JF, Lewis AL, Allsworth JE. PMID: 30707966; PMCID: PMC7232937.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Relationship between nugent score and vaginal epithelial exfoliation. PLoS One. 2017; 12(5):e0177797. Amegashie CP, Gilbert NM, Peipert JF, Allsworth JE, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. PMID: 28562623; PMCID: PMC5451030.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    24. The sialate O-acetylesterase EstA from gut Bacteroidetes species enables sialidase-mediated cross-species foraging of 9-O-acetylated sialoglycans. J Biol Chem. 2017 07 14; 292(28):11861-11872. Robinson LS, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. PMID: 28526748; PMCID: PMC5512079.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 36     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    25. Genome Sequences of 12 Bacterial Isolates Obtained from the Urine of Pregnant Women. Genome Announc. 2016 Sep 29; 4(5). Weimer CM, Deitzler GE, Robinson LS, Park S, Hallsworth-Pepin K, Wollam A, Mitreva M, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. PMID: 27688327; PMCID: PMC5043545.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2  
    26. Genome Sequences of 14 Firmicutes Strains Isolated from the Human Vagina. Genome Announc. 2016 Sep 29; 4(5). Deitzler GE, Ruiz MJ, Weimer C, Park S, Robinson L, Hallsworth-Pepin K, Wollam A, Mitreva M, Lewis AL, Lewis WG. PMID: 27688329; PMCID: PMC5043547.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    27. Genome Sequences of 11 Human Vaginal Actinobacteria Strains. Genome Announc. 2016 Sep 29; 4(5). Lewis AL, Deitzler GE, Ruiz MJ, Weimer C, Park S, Robinson LS, Hallsworth-Pepin K, Wollam A, Mitreva M, Lewis WG. PMID: 27688328; PMCID: PMC5043546.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5  
    28. Genome Sequences of Nine Gram-Negative Vaginal Bacterial Isolates. Genome Announc. 2016 Sep 29; 4(5). Deitzler GE, Ruiz MJ, Lu W, Weimer C, Park S, Robinson LS, Hallsworth-Pepin K, Wollam A, Mitreva M, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. PMID: 27688330; PMCID: PMC5043548.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    29. A New Catalog of Microbiological Tools for Women's Infectious Disease Research. Genome Announc. 2016 Sep 29; 4(5). Lewis AL, Lewis WG. PMID: 27688331; PMCID: PMC5043549.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1  
    30. Genome Sequences of 15 Gardnerella vaginalis Strains Isolated from the Vaginas of Women with and without Bacterial Vaginosis. Genome Announc. 2016 Sep 29; 4(5). Robinson LS, Perry J, Lek S, Wollam A, Sodergren E, Weinstock G, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. PMID: 27688326; PMCID: PMC5043544.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8  
    31. Discovery and characterization of de novo sialic acid biosynthesis in the phylum Fusobacterium. Glycobiology. 2016 10; 26(10):1107-1119. Lewis AL, Robinson LS, Agarwal K, Lewis WG. PMID: 27613803; PMCID: PMC5072148.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    32. Illustrating and homology modeling the proteins of the Zika virus. F1000Res. 2016; 5:275. Ekins S, Liebler J, Neves BJ, Lewis WG, Coffee M, Bienstock R, Southan C, Andrade CH. PMID: 27746901.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    
    33. Host-like carbohydrates promote bloodstream survival of Vibrio vulnificus in vivo. Infect Immun. 2015 Aug; 83(8):3126-36. Lubin JB, Lewis WG, Gilbert NM, Weimer CM, Almagro-Moreno S, Boyd EF, Lewis AL. PMID: 26015477; PMCID: PMC4496609.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    34. Pan-phylum Comparison of Nematode Metabolic Potential. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 May; 9(5):e0003788. Tyagi R, Rosa BA, Lewis WG, Mitreva M. PMID: 26000881; PMCID: PMC4441503.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    35. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli secretes a highly conserved mucin-degrading metalloprotease to effectively engage intestinal epithelial cells. Infect Immun. 2014 Feb; 82(2):509-21. Luo Q, Kumar P, Vickers TJ, Sheikh A, Lewis WG, Rasko DA, Sistrunk J, Fleckenstein JM. PMID: 24478067; PMCID: PMC3911403.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 79     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    36. EatA, an immunogenic protective antigen of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, degrades intestinal mucin. Infect Immun. 2014 Feb; 82(2):500-8. Kumar P, Luo Q, Vickers TJ, Sheikh A, Lewis WG, Fleckenstein JM. PMID: 24478066; PMCID: PMC3911389.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 71     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    37. Urinary tract infection as a preventable cause of pregnancy complications: opportunities, challenges, and a global call to action. Glob Adv Health Med. 2013 Sep; 2(5):59-69. Gilbert NM, O'Brien VP, Hultgren S, Macones G, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. PMID: 24416696; PMCID: PMC3833562.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47  
    38. Clinical features of bacterial vaginosis in a murine model of vaginal infection with Gardnerella vaginalis. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3):e59539. Gilbert NM, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. PMID: 23527214; PMCID: PMC3602284.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 80     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    39. Degradation, foraging, and depletion of mucus sialoglycans by the vagina-adapted Actinobacterium Gardnerella vaginalis. J Biol Chem. 2013 Apr 26; 288(17):12067-79. Lewis WG, Robinson LS, Gilbert NM, Perry JC, Lewis AL. PMID: 23479734; PMCID: PMC3636892.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 107     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    40. Host sialoglycans and bacterial sialidases: a mucosal perspective. Cell Microbiol. 2012 Aug; 14(8):1174-82. Lewis AL, Lewis WG. PMID: 22519819.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 118     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    41. Hydrolysis of secreted sialoglycoprotein immunoglobulin A (IgA) in ex vivo and biochemical models of bacterial vaginosis. J Biol Chem. 2012 Jan 13; 287(3):2079-89. Lewis WG, Robinson LS, Perry J, Bick JL, Peipert JF, Allsworth JE, Lewis AL. PMID: 22134918; PMCID: PMC3265887.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    42. Immune activation and suppression by group B streptococcus in a murine model of urinary tract infection. Infect Immun. 2011 Sep; 79(9):3588-95. Kline KA, Schwartz DJ, Lewis WG, Hultgren SJ, Lewis AL. PMID: 21690238; PMCID: PMC3165466.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 35     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    43. High-throughput chemical screen identifies a novel potent modulator of cellular circadian rhythms and reveals CKIα as a clock regulatory kinase. PLoS Biol. 2010 Dec 14; 8(12):e1000559. Hirota T, Lee JW, Lewis WG, Zhang EE, Breton G, Liu X, Garcia M, Peters EC, Etchegaray JP, Traver D, Schultz PG, Kay SA. PMID: 21179498; PMCID: PMC3001897.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 137     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    44. A chemical biology approach reveals period shortening of the mammalian circadian clock by specific inhibition of GSK-3beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 30; 105(52):20746-51. Hirota T, Lewis WG, Liu AC, Lee JW, Schultz PG, Kay SA. PMID: 19104043; PMCID: PMC2606900.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 161     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    45. Mammalian circadian signaling networks and therapeutic targets. Nat Chem Biol. 2007 Oct; 3(10):630-9. Liu AC, Lewis WG, Kay SA. PMID: 17876320.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 79     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    46. NeuA sialic acid O-acetylesterase activity modulates O-acetylation of capsular polysaccharide in group B Streptococcus. J Biol Chem. 2007 Sep 21; 282(38):27562-71. Lewis AL, Cao H, Patel SK, Diaz S, Ryan W, Carlin AF, Thon V, Lewis WG, Varki A, Chen X, Nizet V. PMID: 17646166; PMCID: PMC2588433.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    47. Accelerated bioorthogonal conjugation: a practical method for the ligation of diverse functional molecules to a polyvalent virus scaffold. Bioconjug Chem. 2005 Nov-Dec; 16(6):1572-9. Sen Gupta S, Kuzelka J, Singh P, Lewis WG, Manchester M, Finn MG. PMID: 16287257.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 69     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    48. A heteroaryldihydropyrimidine activates and can misdirect hepatitis B virus capsid assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 07; 102(23):8138-43. Stray SJ, Bourne CR, Punna S, Lewis WG, Finn MG, Zlotnick A. PMID: 15928089; PMCID: PMC1149411.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 131     Fields:    Translation:Cells
    49. Discovery and characterization of catalysts for azide-alkyne cycloaddition by fluorescence quenching. J Am Chem Soc. 2004 Aug 04; 126(30):9152-3. Lewis WG, Magallon FG, Fokin VV, Finn MG. PMID: 15281783.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 65     Fields:    
    50. Cleavable linkers for porous silicon-based mass spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2004 Feb 27; 43(10):1255-60. Meng JC, Averbuj C, Lewis WG, Siuzdak G, Finn MG. PMID: 14991792.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    
    51. Click chemistry in situ: acetylcholinesterase as a reaction vessel for the selective assembly of a femtomolar inhibitor from an array of building blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2002 Mar 15; 41(6):1053-7. Lewis WG, Green LG, Grynszpan F, Radic Z, Carlier PR, Taylor P, Finn MG, Sharpless KB. PMID: 12491310.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 147     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
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