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Stephen Foulis

SchoolVc-academic Affairs
Address9500 Gilman Drive #
La Jolla CA 92093
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    Altmetrics Details PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Weight Loss Before Basic Combat Training and Musculoskeletal Injuries Among U.S. Army Trainees: The ARMI Study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2025 Oct; 33(10):1977-1983. Nguyen VT, Donovan AA, Taylor KM, Guerriere Aaron K, Walker LA, Pecorelli VP, Zeppetelli DJ, Castellani CM, Proctor SP, Hughes JM, Foulis SA. PMID: 40739555; PMCID: PMC12477104.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:
    2. Model for Musculoskeletal Injury Risk Factors Among US Army Basic Combat Trainees. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 06 02; 8(6):e2513177. Foulis SA, Proctor SP, Spiering BA, Walker LA, Guerriere Aaron K, Castellani CM, Hussian IM, Heaton KJ, Bouxsein ML, Gaffney-Stomberg E, Fraley AL, Popp KL, Davis IS, Staab JS, Staab JE, Judkins JL, Merkle SL, Ritland BM, Matheny RW, Hauret KG, Canham-Chervak M, McClung JP, Jones BH, Friedl KE, Hughes JM, Taylor KM, ARIEM Reduction in Musculoskeletal Injury (ARMI) Study Team. PMID: 40455447; PMCID: PMC12131099.
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    3. A Reexamination of the Relationship between Foot Strike Angle and Early Stance Loading Variables during Running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2025 Oct 01; 57(10):2307-2313. Johnson CD, Dæhlin TE, Sara LK, Guerriere KI, Walker LA, Foulis SA, Hughes JM, Davis IS. PMID: 40424572.
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    4. Science behind policy: implementing a modern circumference-based body fat equation with a physical fitness threshold is associated with lower musculoskeletal injury risk. Int J Obes (Lond). 2025 04; 49(4):723-730. McClung HL, Bartlett PM, Spiering BA, Foulis SA, Oliver TE, Walker LA, Nguyen VT, Proctor SP, McClung JP, Taylor KM. PMID: 40016560; PMCID: PMC11999870.
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    5. Likelihood of fitness improvements during a standardised physical fitness programme in US Army trainees of different fitness levels. BMJ Mil Health. 2024 Nov 13. Pierce JR, Cohen BS, Hauret KG, Sharp MA, Redmond JE, Foulis SA, Jones BH. PMID: 39537367.
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    6. Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis suppression is common among women during US Army Basic Combat Training. Br J Sports Med. 2024 Sep 09; 58(18):1052-1060. Popp KL, Bozzini BN, Reynoso M, Coulombe J, Guerriere KI, Proctor SP, Castellani CM, Walker LA, Zurinaga N, Kuhn K, Foulis SA, Bouxsein ML, Hughes JM, Santoro N. PMID: 39043442.
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    7. Association between changes in serum bone metabolism markers and bone microarchitecture changes during basic combat training - The ARMI study. Bone. 2024 Dec; 189:117241. Coulombe JC, Bozzini BN, Guerriere KI, Foulis SA, Reynoso M, Walker LA, Staab JS, Bouxsein ML, Hughes JM, Popp KL. PMID: 39182596.
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    8. Urinary Proteomic Biomarkers of Trabecular Bone Volume Change during Army Basic Combat Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2024 Sep 01; 56(9):1644-1654. Flanagan SD, Hougland JR, Zeng X, Cantrell PS, Sun M, Jones-Laughner J, Canino MC, Hughes JM, Foulis SA, Taylor KM, Walker LA, Guerriere KI, Sterczala AJ, Connaboy C, Beckner ME, Matheny RW, Nindl BC. PMID: 38758530.
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    9. Sex- and age-related differences in kinetics and tibial accelerations during military-relevant movement tasks in U.S. Army trainees. Eur J Sport Sci. 2024 Jun; 24(6):740-749. Johnson CD, Sara LK, Bradach MM, Zeppetelli DJ, Dæhlin TE, Mullineaux DR, Foulis SA, Hughes JM, Davis IS. PMID: 38874992; PMCID: PMC11235782.
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    10. Sex Does Not Affect Changes in Body Composition and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I During US Army Basic Combat Training. J Strength Cond Res. 2024 Jun 01; 38(6):e304-e309. Roberts BM, Staab JS, Caldwell AR, Sczuroski CE, Staab JE, Lutz LJ, Reynoso M, Geddis AV, Taylor KM, Guerriere KI, Walker LA, Hughes JM, Foulis SA. PMID: 38320231.
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    11. Relationships between tibial accelerations and ground reaction forces during walking with load carriage. J Biomech. 2023 07; 156:111693. Johnson CD, Sara LK, Bradach MM, Mullineaux DR, Foulis SA, Hughes JM, Davis IS. PMID: 37406568.
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    12. Body composition changes during 8 weeks of military training are not accurately captured by circumference-based assessments. Front Physiol. 2023; 14:1183836. Foulis SA, Friedl KE, Spiering BA, Walker LA, Guerriere KI, Pecorelli VP, Zeppetelli DJ, Reynoso MC, Taylor KM, Hughes JM. PMID: 37351259; PMCID: PMC10282178.
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    13. The Risk of Menstrual Dysfunction Increases for Women during U.S. Army Basic Combat Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2023 09 01; 55(9):1533-1539. Bozzini BN, Nguyen VT, Reynoso MC, Guerriere KI, Walker LA, Taylor KM, Foulis SA, Bouxsein ML, Hughes JM, Popp KL. PMID: 37057721.
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    14. Changes in Distal Tibial Microarchitecture During Eight Weeks of U.S. Army Basic Combat Training Differ by Sex and Race. JBMR Plus. 2023 Apr; 7(4):e10719. Hughes JM, Taylor KM, Guerriere KI, Smith NI, Staab JS, Walker LA, Staab JE, Bartlett PM, Spiering BA, Nguyen VT, Proctor SP, Foulis SA, Bouxsein ML, Popp KL. PMID: 37065629; PMCID: PMC10097637.
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    15. Maximizing Strength: The Stimuli and Mediators of Strength Gains and Their Application to Training and Rehabilitation. J Strength Cond Res. 2023 Apr 01; 37(4):919-929. Spiering BA, Clark BC, Schoenfeld BJ, Foulis SA, Pasiakos SM. PMID: 36580280.
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    16. Load carriage aerobic exercise stimulates a transient rise in biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023 01 01; 134(1):85-94. Staab JS, Lutz LJ, Foulis SA, Gaffney-Stomberg E, Hughes JM. PMID: 36454676; PMCID: PMC9829485.
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    17. Occupational Experience Effects on Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Common Soldiering Tasks. J Strength Cond Res. 2023 Apr 01; 37(4):894-901. Cohen BS, Redmond JE, Haven CC, Foulis SA, Canino MC, Frykman PN, Sharp MA. PMID: 36227223.
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    18. Comparison of Different Variants of the U.S. Army Occupational Physical Assessment Test. Mil Med. 2022 03 28; 187(3-4):e410-e417. Spiering BA, Taylor KM, Cohen BS, Smith NI, Zeppetelli DJ, Pecorelli VP, Bartlett PM, Walker LA, Frykman PN, Foulis SA. PMID: 33576411.
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    19. Association Between Self-Reported Sleep Quality and Musculoskeletal Injury in Male Army Rangers. Mil Med. 2023 07 22; 188(7-8). Ritland BM, Naylor JA, Bessey AF, Burke TM, Hughes JM, Foulis SA, Sowden WJ, Mantua J. PMID: 34893863.
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    20. US Army basic combat training alters the relationship between body mass index and per cent body fat. BMJ Mil Health. 2023 Aug; 169(4):340-345. Foulis SA, Hughes JM, Spiering BA, Walker LA, Guerriere KI, Taylor KM, Proctor SP, Friedl KE. PMID: 34413114; PMCID: PMC10423487.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Maintaining Physical Performance: The Minimal Dose of Exercise Needed to Preserve Endurance and Strength Over Time. J Strength Cond Res. 2021 May 01; 35(5):1449-1458. Spiering BA, Mujika I, Sharp MA, Foulis SA. PMID: 33629972.
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    22. Body mass does not reflect the body composition changes in response to similar physical training in young women and men. Int J Obes (Lond). 2021 03; 45(3):659-665. Foulis SA, Hughes JM, Walker LA, Guerriere KI, Taylor KM, Proctor SP, Friedl KE. PMID: 33414487.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Revalidating U.S. Army soldiers' perceptions of combat arms job tasks: Frequencies, importance and expectations of performance. Work. 2021; 70(3):997-1007. Boye MW, Cohen BS, Canino MC, Foulis SA, Sharp MA. PMID: 34744046.
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    24. Sleep health of incoming army trainees and how it changes during basic combat training. Sleep Health. 2021 02; 7(1):37-42. Ritland BM, Hughes JM, Taylor KM, Guerriere KI, Proctor SP, Foulis SA, Heaton KJ. PMID: 33243720.
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    25. Quantifying Training Load During Physically Demanding Tasks in U.S. Army Soldiers: A Comparison of Physiological and Psychological Measurements. Mil Med. 2020 06 08; 185(5-6):e847-e852. Canino MC, Foulis SA, Cohen BS, Walker LA, Taylor KM, Redmond JE, Sharp MA. PMID: 31912878.
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    26. New Concerns About Military Recruits with Metabolic Obesity but Normal Weight ("Skinny Fat"). Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020 02; 28(2):223. Foulis SA, Hughes JM, Friedl KE. PMID: 31970904.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    
    27. Relationship of Anthropometric Measures on Female Trainees' and Active Duty Soldiers' Performance of Common Soldiering Tasks. Mil Med. 2020 01 07; 185(Suppl 1):376-382. Redmond JE, Cohen BS, Haven CC, Pierce JR, Foulis SA, Frykman PN, Canino MC, Sharp MA. PMID: 32074313.
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    28. U.S. Army Physical Demands Study: Differences in Physical Fitness and Occupational Task Performance Between Trainees and Active Duty Soldiers. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Jul; 33(7):1864-1870. Canino MC, Foulis SA, Zambraski EJ, Cohen BS, Redmond JE, Hauret KG, Frykman PN, Sharp MA. PMID: 29952870.
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    29. A prospective field study of U.S. Army trainees to identify the physiological bases and key factors influencing musculoskeletal injuries: a study protocol. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019 Jun 12; 20(1):282. Hughes JM, Foulis SA, Taylor KM, Guerriere KI, Walker LA, Hand AF, Popp KL, Gaffney-Stomberg E, Heaton KJ, Sharp MA, Grier TL, Hauret KG, Jones BH, Bouxsein ML, McClung JP, Matheny RW, Proctor SP. PMID: 31185965; PMCID: PMC6560880.
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    30. Surveyed Reasons for Not Seeking Medical Care Regarding Musculoskeletal Injury Symptoms in US Army Trainees. Mil Med. 2019 05 01; 184(5-6):e431-e439. Cohen BS, Pacheco BM, Foulis SA, Canino MC, Redmond JE, Westrick RB, Hauret KG, Sharp MA. PMID: 30690461.
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    31. U.S. Army physical demands study: Accuracy of occupational physical assessment test classifications for combat arms soldiers. Work. 2019; 63(4):571-579. Foulis SA, Canino MC, Cohen BS, Gebhardt DL, Redmond JE, Sharp MA. PMID: 31282460.
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    32. The Relationship Between Soldier Performance on the Two-Mile Run and the 20-m Shuttle Run Test. Mil Med. 2018 05 01; 183(5-6):e182-e187. Canino MC, Cohen BS, Redmond JE, Sharp MA, Zambraski EJ, Foulis SA. PMID: 29447399.
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    33. U.S. Army Physical Demands Study: Reliability of Simulations of Physically Demanding Tasks Performed by Combat Arms Soldiers. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Dec; 31(12):3245-3252. Foulis SA, Redmond JE, Frykman PN, Warr BJ, Zambraski EJ, Sharp MA. PMID: 28368954.
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    34. U.S. Army physical demands study: Identification and validation of the physically demanding tasks of combat arms occupations. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Nov; 20 Suppl 4:S62-S67. Sharp MA, Cohen BS, Boye MW, Foulis SA, Redmond JE, Larcom K, Hydren JR, Gebhardt DL, Canino MC, Warr BJ, Zambraski EJ. PMID: 29054747.
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    35. Post-fatigue recovery of power, postural control and physical function in older women. PLoS One. 2017; 12(9):e0183483. Foulis SA, Jones SL, van Emmerik RE, Kent JA. PMID: 28880935; PMCID: PMC5589131.
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    36. U.S. Army physical demands study: Prevalence and frequency of performing physically demanding tasks in deployed and non-deployed settings. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Nov; 20 Suppl 4:S57-S61. Boye MW, Cohen BS, Sharp MA, Canino MC, Foulis SA, Larcom K, Smith L. PMID: 28928023.
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    37. U.S. Army Physical Demands Study: Development of the Occupational Physical Assessment Test for Combat Arms soldiers. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Nov; 20 Suppl 4:S74-S78. Foulis SA, Sharp MA, Redmond JE, Frykman PN, Warr BJ, Gebhardt DL, Baker TA, Canino MC, Zambraski EJ. PMID: 28823473.
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    38. ATP cost of muscle contraction is associated with motor unit discharge rate in humans. Neurosci Lett. 2016 08 26; 629:186-188. Christie AD, Foulis SA, Kent JA. PMID: 27397010.
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    39. Effect of age on in vivo oxidative capacity in two locomotory muscles of the leg. Age (Dordr). 2014; 36(5):9713. Tevald MA, Foulis SA, Kent JA. PMID: 25227177; PMCID: PMC4165814.
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    40. Muscle weakness, fatigue, and torque variability: effects of age and mobility status. Muscle Nerve. 2014 Feb; 49(2):209-17. Kent-Braun JA, Callahan DM, Fay JL, Foulis SA, Buonaccorsi JP. PMID: 23674266; PMCID: PMC3796051.
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    41. Age-related changes in oxidative capacity differ between locomotory muscles and are associated with physical activity behavior. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012 Feb; 37(1):88-99. Larsen RG, Callahan DM, Foulis SA, Kent-Braun JA. PMID: 22236246; PMCID: PMC3725816.
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    42. Lower energy cost of skeletal muscle contractions in older humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Mar; 298(3):R729-39. Tevald MA, Foulis SA, Lanza IR, Kent-Braun JA. PMID: 20032262; PMCID: PMC2838655.
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    43. In vivo oxidative capacity varies with muscle and training status in young adults. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Sep; 107(3):873-9. Larsen RG, Callahan DM, Foulis SA, Kent-Braun JA. PMID: 19556459; PMCID: PMC2755994.
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    44. Age-related fatigue resistance in the knee extensor muscles is specific to contraction mode. Muscle Nerve. 2009 May; 39(5):692-702. Callahan DM, Foulis SA, Kent-Braun JA. PMID: 19347926; PMCID: PMC2718567.
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