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Michael Karin

Title(s)Professor, Pharmacology
SchoolHealth Sciences
Phone858-534-0872
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    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse Education and Training
    Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelB.Sc.Biology
    University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CAPh.D.Molecular Biology
    Fox Chase Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PAPostdoctoral ScholarMolecular Biology
    University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CAPostdoctoral ScholarBiochemistry

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse Overview
    Dr. Karin received his BSc in Biology from Tel Aviv University in 1975 and his Ph.D. in Molecular Biology from the University of California Los Angeles in 1979. He is currently a Distinguished Professor of Pharmacology and Pathology at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, where he has been on the faculty since 1986. Dr. Karin has received numerous awards, including the Endocrine Society Oppenheimer Award for Excellence in 1990, American Cancer Society Research Professorship in 1999, C.E.R.I.E.S. Research Award for Physiology or Biology of the Skin in 2000, Harvey Prize in Human Health in 2011, Brupbacher Prize in Cancer Research in 2013, William B. Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Basic and Tumor Immunology in 2013, and an honorary Doctor of Medicine from the Technical University of Munich. He was a cofounder of Signal Pharmaceutical, which has become a part of Celgene, Inc. Dr. Karin had also served as a member of the National Advisory Council for Environmental Health Sciences. Dr. Karin was elected as a member of the US National Academy of Sciences in 2005, the National Academy of Medicine in 2011 and as an associate member of the European Molecular Biology Association in 2007. He became a fellow of the American Association for Cancer Research Academy in 2017. Dr. Karin’s current activity primarily focuses on understanding the relationship between inflammation, cancer, and metabolic disease as well as the signaling mechanisms used by receptors involved in inflammation and innate immunity. In addition to discovering some of the most important stress- and inflammation-responsive signal transduction pathways and establishing molecular links between obesity, inflammation and cancer, Dr. Karin’s work has revealed new targets for cancer prevention and therapy as well as for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other metabolic diseases.

    Collapse Research 
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    Control of Lipogenesis and Hepatic Steatosis by Caspase-2
    NIH/NIDDK R01DK120714Mar 15, 2019 - Dec 31, 2022
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Highly penetrant and immunogenic mouse models of non-viral HCC that are suitable for evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors
    NIH/NCI R01CA234128Dec 1, 2018 - Nov 30, 2023
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Immunosuppressive mechanisms responsible for development of non-viral liver cancer and control of its response to immune checkpoint inhibitors
    NIH/NIAAA U01AA027681Sep 25, 2018 - Aug 31, 2023
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Role of p62/SQSTM1 in obesity-induced liver cancer
    NIH/NCI R01CA211794Feb 15, 2017 - Jan 31, 2022
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Organelle Disorders in Pancreatitis
    NIH P01DK098108Sep 1, 2014 - Jun 30, 2019
    Role: Co-Investigator
    The Role of IL-17 in Alcoholic Liver Disease and Cancer
    NIH/NIAAA U01AA022614Sep 1, 2014 - Jun 30, 2019
    Role: Principal Investigator
    IKKalpha, autophagy, obesity and injury enhanced pancreatic cancer
    NIH/NCI R01CA163798Jul 16, 2012 - Apr 30, 2017
    Role: Principal Investigator
    TOR signaling and autophagy in obesity-promoted liver tumorigenesis
    NIH/NCI R01CA155120Jul 22, 2011 - May 31, 2016
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Pulmonary inflammation and lung cancer development and progression
    NIH/NCI R01CA132586May 5, 2008 - Apr 30, 2014
    Role: Principal Investigator
    IKK and the Control of Prostate Cancer Metastasis
    NIH/NCI R01CA127923Apr 13, 2007 - Feb 28, 2018
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Role of Inflammation in tumor promotion and progression
    NIH/NCI R01CA118165Dec 1, 2005 - Mar 31, 2017
    Role: Principal Investigator
    How Anthrax lethal factor kills macrophages
    NIH/NIAID R01AI061712Jun 1, 2004 - May 31, 2010
    Role: Principal Investigator
    How Anthrax lethal factor kills activated macrophages
    NIH/NIAID R21AI053528Sep 15, 2002 - Aug 31, 2005
    Role: Principal Investigator
    DETECTION AND MODELS OF TOXICANT EXPOSURE
    NIH/NIEHS P42ES010337Jul 1, 2000 - Mar 31, 2022
    Role: Co-Investigator
    NF KAPPA B REGULATION AND FUNCTION
    NIH/NCI R13CA086394Mar 14, 2000 - Mar 13, 2001
    Role: Principal Investigator
    NF-kappaB and Mitochondrial Signals as Positive and Negative Regulators of Inflammation
    NIH/NIAID R01AI043477Jul 1, 1998 - May 31, 2023
    Role: Principal Investigator
    NF-kappaB and Mitochondrial Signals as Positive and Negative Regulators of Inflammation
    NIH/NIAID R37AI043477Jul 1, 1998 - May 31, 2023
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Functions and Mechanisms of Radiation Induced Responses
    NIH/NCI R01CA076188Feb 15, 1998 - Jul 31, 2007
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Stress Signaling Pathways in Toxicity and Disease
    NIH/NIEHS R01ES006376Jun 1, 1993 - Jul 31, 2013
    Role: Principal Investigator
    FASEB CONFERENCE--REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION
    NIH/NHLBI R13HL046015Jul 1, 1990 - Jun 30, 1991
    Role: Principal Investigator
    FUNCTION OF NUCLEAR ONCOGENES IN CANCER CELLS
    NIH/NCI P01CA050528Sep 8, 1989 - Jan 31, 1998
    Role: Principal Investigator
    IVEM and Image Analysis Resource
    NIH/NCRR P41RR004050Dec 12, 1988 - Mar 31, 2014
    Role: Co-Investigator
    TISSUE SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF GROWTH HORMONE GENE
    NIH/NIDDK R01DK038527Sep 1, 1987 - Apr 30, 1999
    Role: Principal Investigator
    GENETIC AND RECEPTOR MECHANISMS IN HYPERTENSION
    NIH/NHLBI P01HL035018Mar 1, 1986 - Dec 31, 2009
    Role: Co-Investigator
    INTERACTIONS OF HEAVY METAL IONS WITH THE HUMAN GENOME
    NIH/NIEHS R37ES004151Jan 1, 1986 - Mar 31, 2009
    Role: Principal Investigator
    INTERACTIONS OF HEAVY METAL IONS WITH THE HUMAN GENOME
    NIH/NIEHS R01ES004151Jan 1, 1986 - Mar 31, 1998
    Role: Principal Investigator
    INTESTINAL IMMUNE SYSTEM IN HOST-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
    NIH P01DK035108Apr 1, 1985 - Jun 30, 2014
    Role: Co-Investigator
    INTERACTIONS OF HEAVY METAL IONS WITH THE HUMAN GENOME
    NIH/NIEHS R01ES003222Jul 1, 1983 - Dec 31, 1985
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Specialized Cancer Center Support Grant
    NIH/NCI P30CA023100Apr 1, 1978 - Apr 30, 2024
    Role: Co-Investigator

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    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
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    1. Ma HY, Yamamoto G, Xu J, Liu X, Karin D, Kim JY, Alexandrov LB, Koyama Y, Nishio T, Benner C, Heinz S, Rosenthal SB, Liang S, Sun M, Karin G, Zhao P, Brodt P, Mckillop IH, Quehenberger O, Dennis E, Saltiel A, Tsukamoto H, Gao B, Karin M, Brenner DA, Kisseleva T. IL-17 signaling in steatotic hepatocytes and macrophages promotes hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol. 2019 Dec 31. PMID: 31899206.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Yarchoan M, Agarwal P, Villanueva A, Rao S, Dawson L, Karasic T, Llovet J, Finn R, Groopman J, El-Serag H, Monga S, Wang XW, Karin M, Schwartz R, Tanabe K, Roberts L, Gunaratne P, Tsung A, Brown K, Lawrence T, Salem R, Singal A, Kim A, Rabiee A, Resar L, Meyer J, Hoshida Y, He AR, Ghoshal K, Ryan P, Jaffee E, Guha C, Mishra L, Coleman N, Ahmed M. Correction: Recent Developments and Therapeutic Strategies against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2019 Nov 15; 79(22):5897. PMID: 31772073.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Imamura T, Xue J, Poulsen O, Zhou D, Karin M, Haddad GG. Intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia induces inhibitor of nuclear factor-?B kinase subunit ß-dependent atherosclerosis in pulmonary arteries. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2019 Dec 01; 317(6):R763-R769. PMID: 31618063.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Wong J, Garcia-Carbonell R, Zelic M, Ho SB, Boland BS, Yao SJ, Desai SA, Das S, Planell N, Harris PA, Font-Burgada J, Taniguchi K, Bertin J, Salas A, Pasparakis M, Gough PJ, Kelliher M, Karin M, Guma M. RIPK1 Mediates TNF-Induced Intestinal Crypt Apoptosis During Chronic NF-?B Activation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Oct 10. PMID: 31606566.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Yarchoan M, Agarwal P, Villanueva A, Rao S, Dawson LA, Llovet JM, Finn RS, Groopman JD, El-Serag HB, Monga SP, Wang XW, Karin M, Schwartz RE, Tanabe KK, Roberts LR, Gunaratne PH, Tsung A, Brown KA, Lawrence TS, Salem R, Singal AG, Kim AK, Rabiee A, Resar L, Hoshida Y, He AR, Ghoshal K, Ryan PB, Jaffee EM, Guha C, Mishra L, Coleman CN, Ahmed MM. Recent Developments and Therapeutic Strategies against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2019 Sep 01; 79(17):4326-4330. PMID: 31481419.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Hou J, Zhang H, Sun B, Karin M. The immunobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans and mice: Basic concepts and therapeutic implications. J Hepatol. 2020 Jan; 72(1):167-182. PMID: 31449859.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Shalapour S, Karin M. Pas de Deux: Control of Anti-tumor Immunity by Cancer-Associated Inflammation. Immunity. 2019 07 16; 51(1):15-26. PMID: 31315033.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Todoric J, Karin M. The Fire within: Cell-Autonomous Mechanisms in Inflammation-Driven Cancer. Cancer Cell. 2019 May 13; 35(5):714-720. PMID: 31085174.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Sanchez-Lopez E, Zhong Z, Stubelius A, Sweeney SR, Booshehri LM, Antonucci L, Liu-Bryan R, Lodi A, Terkeltaub R, Lacal JC, Murphy AN, Hoffman HM, Tiziani S, Guma M, Karin M. Choline Uptake and Metabolism Modulate Macrophage IL-1ß and IL-18 Production. Cell Metab. 2019 Jun 04; 29(6):1350-1362.e7. PMID: 30982734.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Gukovskaya AS, Gorelick FS, Groblewski GE, Mareninova OA, Lugea A, Antonucci L, Waldron RT, Habtezion A, Karin M, Pandol SJ, Gukovsky I. Recent Insights Into the Pathogenic Mechanism of Pancreatitis: Role of Acinar Cell Organelle Disorders. Pancreas. 2019 04; 48(4):459-470. PMID: 30973461.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Tripathi A, Debelius J, Brenner DA, Karin M, Loomba R, Schnabl B, Knight R. Publisher Correction: The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 12; 15(12):785. PMID: 29785003.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Febbraio MA, Reibe S, Shalapour S, Ooi GJ, Watt MJ, Karin M. Preclinical Models for Studying NASH-Driven HCC: How Useful Are They? Cell Metab. 2019 01 08; 29(1):18-26. PMID: 30449681.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Liang S, Ma HY, Zhong Z, Dhar D, Liu X, Xu J, Koyama Y, Nishio T, Karin D, Karin G, Mccubbin R, Zhang C, Hu R, Yang G, Chen L, Ganguly S, Lan T, Karin M, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA. NADPH Oxidase 1 in Liver Macrophages Promotes Inflammation and Tumor Development in Mice. Gastroenterology. 2019 03; 156(4):1156-1172.e6. PMID: 30445007.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Dow M, Pyke RM, Tsui BY, Alexandrov LB, Nakagawa H, Taniguchi K, Seki E, Harismendy O, Shalapour S, Karin M, Carter H, Font-Burgada J. Integrative genomic analysis of mouse and human hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 10 16; 115(42):E9879-E9888. PMID: 30287485.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Kim JY, Garcia-Carbonell R, Yamachika S, Zhao P, Dhar D, Loomba R, Kaufman RJ, Saltiel AR, Karin M. ER Stress Drives Lipogenesis and Steatohepatitis via Caspase-2 Activation of S1P. Cell. 2018 09 20; 175(1):133-145.e15. PMID: 30220454.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Garcia-Carbonell R, Wong J, Kim JY, Close LA, Boland BS, Wong TL, Harris PA, Ho SB, Das S, Ernst PB, Sasik R, Sandborn WJ, Bertin J, Gough PJ, Chang JT, Kelliher M, Boone D, Guma M, Karin M. Elevated A20 promotes TNF-induced and RIPK1-dependent intestinal epithelial cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 09 25; 115(39):E9192-E9200. PMID: 30209212.
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    17. Shalapour S, Lin XJ, Bastian IN, Brain J, Burt AD, Aksenov AA, Vrbanac AF, Li W, Perkins A, Matsutani T, Zhong Z, Dhar D, Navas-Molina JA, Xu J, Loomba R, Downes M, Yu RT, Evans RM, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Benner C, Anstee QM, Karin M. Author Correction: Inflammation-induced IgA+ cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity. Nature. 2018 09; 561(7721):E1. PMID: 29973714.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Zhong Z, Liang S, Sanchez-Lopez E, He F, Shalapour S, Lin XJ, Wong J, Ding S, Seki E, Schnabl B, Hevener AL, Greenberg HB, Kisseleva T, Karin M. New mitochondrial DNA synthesis enables NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nature. 2018 08; 560(7717):198-203. PMID: 30046112.
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    19. Tripathi A, Debelius J, Brenner DA, Karin M, Loomba R, Schnabl B, Knight R. The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 07; 15(7):397-411. PMID: 29748586.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Dhar D, Antonucci L, Nakagawa H, Kim JY, Glitzner E, Caruso S, Shalapour S, Yang L, Valasek MA, Lee S, Minnich K, Seki E, Tuckermann J, Sibilia M, Zucman-Rossi J, Karin M. Liver Cancer Initiation Requires p53 Inhibition by CD44-Enhanced Growth Factor Signaling. Cancer Cell. 2018 06 11; 33(6):1061-1077.e6. PMID: 29894692.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Liu JJ, Li Y, Chen WS, Liang Y, Wang G, Zong M, Kaneko K, Xu R, Karin M, Feng GS. Shp2 deletion in hepatocytes suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis driven by oncogenic ß-Catenin, PIK3CA and MET. J Hepatol. 2018 07; 69(1):79-88. PMID: 29505847.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Antonov AV, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Barlev NA, Bazan NG, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Boya P, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FK, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Cohen GM, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, DeBerardinis RJ, Deshmukh M, Di Daniele N, Di Virgilio F, Dixit VM, Dixon SJ, Duckett CS, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Fimia GM, Fulda S, García-Sáez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Golstein P, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Gross A, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Harris IS, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Ichijo H, Jäättelä M, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Juin PP, Kaiser WJ, Karin M, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lee SW, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lowe SW, Luedde T, Lugli E, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malewicz M, Malorni W, Manic G, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino S, Miao EA, Molkentin JD, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nagata S, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Oren M, Overholtzer M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rehm M, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CMP, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Ryan KM, Sayan E, Scorrano L, Shao F, Shi Y, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stockwell BR, Strasser A, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Thorburn A, Tsujimoto Y, Turk B, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Vander Heiden MG, Villunger A, Virgin HW, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang Y, Wells JA, Wood W, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Zitvogel L, Melino G, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differ. 2018 03; 25(3):486-541. PMID: 29362479.
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    23. Taniguchi K, Karin M. NF-?B, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018 05; 18(5):309-324. PMID: 29379212.
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    24. Song NY, Zhu F, Wang Z, Willette-Brown J, Xi S, Sun Z, Su L, Wu X, Ma B, Nussinov R, Xia X, Schrump DS, Johnson PF, Karin M, Hu Y. IKKa inactivation promotes Kras-initiated lung adenocarcinoma development through disrupting major redox regulatory pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 01 23; 115(4):E812-E821. PMID: 29311298.
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    25. Shalapour S, Lin XJ, Bastian IN, Brain J, Burt AD, Aksenov AA, Vrbanac AF, Li W, Perkins A, Matsutani T, Zhong Z, Dhar D, Navas-Molina JA, Xu J, Loomba R, Downes M, Yu RT, Evans RM, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Benner C, Anstee QM, Karin M. Erratum: Inflammation-induced IgA+ cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity. Nature. 2017 12 21; 552(7685):430. PMID: 29168501.
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    26. Todoric J, Antonucci L, Di Caro G, Li N, Wu X, Lytle NK, Dhar D, Banerjee S, Fagman JB, Browne CD, Umemura A, Valasek MA, Kessler H, Tarin D, Goggins M, Reya T, Diaz-Meco M, Moscat J, Karin M. Stress-Activated NRF2-MDM2 Cascade Controls Neoplastic Progression in Pancreas. Cancer Cell. 2017 Dec 11; 32(6):824-839.e8. PMID: 29153842.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Shalapour S, Lin XJ, Bastian IN, Brain J, Burt AD, Aksenov AA, Vrbanac AF, Li W, Perkins A, Matsutani T, Zhong Z, Dhar D, Navas-Molina JA, Xu J, Loomba R, Downes M, Yu RT, Evans RM, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Benner C, Anstee QM, Karin M. Inflammation-induced IgA+ cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity. Nature. 2017 11 16; 551(7680):340-345. PMID: 29144460.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Matsushita N, Hassanein MT, Martinez-Clemente M, Lazaro R, French SW, Xie W, Lai K, Karin M, Tsukamoto H. Gender difference in NASH susceptibility: Roles of hepatocyte Ikkß and Sult1e1. PLoS One. 2017; 12(8):e0181052. PMID: 28797077.
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    29. Ivovic A, Oprescu AI, Koulajian K, Mori Y, Eversley JA, Zhang L, Nino-Fong R, Lewis GF, Donath MY, Karin M, Wheeler MB, Ehses J, Volchuk A, Chan CB, Giacca A. IKKß inhibition prevents fat-induced beta cell dysfunction in vitro and in vivo in rodents. Diabetologia. 2017 10; 60(10):2021-2032. PMID: 28725915.
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    30. Afonina IS, Zhong Z, Karin M, Beyaert R. Limiting inflammation-the negative regulation of NF-?B and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Nat Immunol. 2017 Jul 19; 18(8):861-869. PMID: 28722711.
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    31. Hao X, Luo H, Krawczyk M, Wei W, Wang W, Wang J, Flagg K, Hou J, Zhang H, Yi S, Jafari M, Lin D, Chung C, Caughey BA, Li G, Dhar D, Shi W, Zheng L, Hou R, Zhu J, Zhao L, Fu X, Zhang E, Zhang C, Zhu JK, Karin M, Xu RH, Zhang K. DNA methylation markers for diagnosis and prognosis of common cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 07 11; 114(28):7414-7419. PMID: 28652331.
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    32. Xing W, Xiao Y, Lu X, Zhu H, He X, Huang W, Lopez ES, Wong J, Ju H, Tian L, Zhang F, Xu H, Wang SD, Li X, Karin M, Ren H. GFI1 downregulation promotes inflammation-linked metastasis of colorectal cancer. Cell Death Differ. 2017 05; 24(5):929-943. PMID: 28387757.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Chen S, Lu W, Yueh MF, Rettenmeier E, Liu M, Paszek M, Auwerx J, Yu RT, Evans RM, Wang K, Karin M, Tukey RH. Intestinal NCoR1, a regulator of epithelial cell maturation, controls neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 02 21; 114(8):E1432-E1440. PMID: 28167773.
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    34. Taniguchi K, Moroishi T, de Jong PR, Krawczyk M, Grebbin BM, Luo H, Xu RH, Golob-Schwarzl N, Schweiger C, Wang K, Di Caro G, Feng Y, Fearon ER, Raz E, Kenner L, Farin HF, Guan KL, Haybaeck J, Datz C, Zhang K, Karin M. YAP-IL-6ST autoregulatory loop activated on APC loss controls colonic tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 02 14; 114(7):1643-1648. PMID: 28130546.
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    35. Lanna A, Gomes DC, Muller-Durovic B, McDonnell T, Escors D, Gilroy DW, Lee JH, Karin M, Akbar AN. A sestrin-dependent Erk-Jnk-p38 MAPK activation complex inhibits immunity during aging. Nat Immunol. 2017 03; 18(3):354-363. PMID: 28114291.
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    36. Kaneda MM, Messer KS, Ralainirina N, Li H, Leem CJ, Gorjestani S, Woo G, Nguyen AV, Figueiredo CC, Foubert P, Schmid MC, Pink M, Winkler DG, Rausch M, Palombella VJ, Kutok J, McGovern K, Frazer KA, Wu X, Karin M, Sasik R, Cohen EE, Varner JA. Corrigendum: PI3K? is a molecular switch that controls immune suppression. Nature. 2017 02 02; 542(7639):124. PMID: 27974794.
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    37. Todoric J, Antonucci L, Karin M. Targeting Inflammation in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2016 Dec; 9(12):895-905. PMID: 27913448.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Liu J, Ibi D, Taniguchi K, Lee J, Herrema H, Akosman B, Mucka P, Salazar Hernandez MA, Uyar MF, Park SW, Karin M, Ozcan U. Inflammation Improves Glucose Homeostasis through IKKß-XBP1s Interaction. Cell. 2016 11 03; 167(4):1052-1066.e18. PMID: 27814504.
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    39. Moscat J, Karin M, Diaz-Meco MT. p62 in Cancer: Signaling Adaptor Beyond Autophagy. Cell. 2016 Oct 20; 167(3):606-609. PMID: 27768885.
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    40. Duran A, Hernandez ED, Reina-Campos M, Castilla EA, Subramaniam S, Raghunandan S, Roberts LR, Kisseleva T, Karin M, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J. p62/SQSTM1 by Binding to Vitamin D Receptor Inhibits Hepatic Stellate Cell Activity, Fibrosis, and Liver Cancer. Cancer Cell. 2016 10 10; 30(4):595-609. PMID: 27728806.
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    41. Kaneda MM, Messer KS, Ralainirina N, Li H, Leem CJ, Gorjestani S, Woo G, Nguyen AV, Figueiredo CC, Foubert P, Schmid MC, Pink M, Winkler DG, Rausch M, Palombella VJ, Kutok J, McGovern K, Frazer KA, Wu X, Karin M, Sasik R, Cohen EE, Varner JA. PI3K? is a molecular switch that controls immune suppression. Nature. 2016 11 17; 539(7629):437-442. PMID: 27642729.
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    42. Koppe C, Verheugd P, Gautheron J, Reisinger F, Kreggenwinkel K, Roderburg C, Quagliata L, Terracciano L, Gassler N, Tolba RH, Boege Y, Weber A, Karin M, Luedde M, Neumann UP, Weiskirchen R, Tacke F, Vucur M, Trautwein C, Lüscher B, Preisinger C, Heikenwalder M, Luedde T. I?B kinasea/ß control biliary homeostasis and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice by phosphorylating the cell-death mediator receptor-interacting protein kinase 1. Hepatology. 2016 10; 64(4):1217-31. PMID: 27396433.
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    43. Taniguchi K, Yamachika S, He F, Karin M. p62/SQSTM1-Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde that prevents oxidative stress but promotes liver cancer. FEBS Lett. 2016 08; 590(15):2375-97. PMID: 27404485.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Zhong Z, Sanchez-Lopez E, Karin M. Autophagy, NLRP3 inflammasome and auto-inflammatory/immune diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016 Jul-Aug; 34(4 Suppl 98):12-6. PMID: 27586797.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Zhong Z, Sanchez-Lopez E, Karin M. Autophagy, Inflammation, and Immunity: A Troika Governing Cancer and Its Treatment. Cell. 2016 Jul 14; 166(2):288-298. PMID: 27419869.
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    46. McLoed AG, Sherrill TP, Cheng DS, Han W, Saxon JA, Gleaves LA, Wu P, Polosukhin VV, Karin M, Yull FE, Stathopoulos GT, Georgoulias V, Zaynagetdinov R, Blackwell TS. Neutrophil-Derived IL-1ß Impairs the Efficacy of NF-?B Inhibitors against Lung Cancer. Cell Rep. 2016 06 28; 16(1):120-132. PMID: 27320908.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Lee JH, Cho US, Karin M. Sestrin regulation of TORC1: Is Sestrin a leucine sensor? Sci Signal. 2016 06 07; 9(431):re5. PMID: 27273098.
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    421. Caelles C, Hennemann H, Karin M. M-phase-specific phosphorylation of the POU transcription factor GHF-1 by a cell cycle-regulated protein kinase inhibits DNA binding. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Dec; 15(12):6694-701. PMID: 8524234.
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    422. Cavigelli M, Dolfi F, Claret FX, Karin M. Induction of c-fos expression through JNK-mediated TCF/Elk-1 phosphorylation. EMBO J. 1995 Dec 01; 14(23):5957-64. PMID: 8846788.
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    423. Auphan N, DiDonato JA, Rosette C, Helmberg A, Karin M. Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: inhibition of NF-kappa B activity through induction of I kappa B synthesis. Science. 1995 Oct 13; 270(5234):286-90. PMID: 7569976.
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    424. Karin M. The regulation of AP-1 activity by mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 14; 270(28):16483-6. PMID: 7622446.
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    425. Karin M, Hunter T. Transcriptional control by protein phosphorylation: signal transmission from the cell surface to the nucleus. Curr Biol. 1995 Jul 01; 5(7):747-57. PMID: 7583121.
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    426. Minden A, Lin A, Claret FX, Abo A, Karin M. Selective activation of the JNK signaling cascade and c-Jun transcriptional activity by the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42Hs. Cell. 1995 Jun 30; 81(7):1147-57. PMID: 7600582.
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    427. Yoshioka K, Deng T, Cavigelli M, Karin M. Antitumor promotion by phenolic antioxidants: inhibition of AP-1 activity through induction of Fra expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 23; 92(11):4972-6. PMID: 7761434.
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    428. Lin A, Minden A, Martinetto H, Claret FX, Lange-Carter C, Mercurio F, Johnson GL, Karin M. Identification of a dual specificity kinase that activates the Jun kinases and p38-Mpk2. Science. 1995 Apr 14; 268(5208):286-90. PMID: 7716521.
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    429. DiDonato JA, Mercurio F, Karin M. Phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha precedes but is not sufficient for its dissociation from NF-kappa B. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Mar; 15(3):1302-11. PMID: 7862124.
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    430. Rosette C, Karin M. Cytoskeletal control of gene expression: depolymerization of microtubules activates NF-kappa B. J Cell Biol. 1995 Mar; 128(6):1111-9. PMID: 7896875.
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    431. Helmberg A, Auphan N, Caelles C, Karin M. Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human leukemic cells is caused by the repressive function of the glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J. 1995 Feb 01; 14(3):452-60. PMID: 7859735.
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    432. Smeal T, Hibi M, Karin M. Altering the specificity of signal transduction cascades: positive regulation of c-Jun transcriptional activity by protein kinase A. EMBO J. 1994 Dec 15; 13(24):6006-10. PMID: 7813438.
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    433. Minden A, Lin A, McMahon M, Lange-Carter C, Dérijard B, Davis RJ, Johnson GL, Karin M. Differential activation of ERK and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases by Raf-1 and MEKK. Science. 1994 Dec 09; 266(5191):1719-23. PMID: 7992057.
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    434. Saatcioglu F, Claret FX, Karin M. Negative transcriptional regulation by nuclear receptors. Semin Cancer Biol. 1994 Oct; 5(5):347-59. PMID: 7849263.
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    435. Minden A, Lin A, Smeal T, Dérijard B, Cobb M, Davis R, Karin M. c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation correlates with activation of the JNK subgroup but not the ERK subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Oct; 14(10):6683-8. PMID: 7935387.
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    436. Aronheim A, Engelberg D, Li N, al-Alawi N, Schlessinger J, Karin M. Membrane targeting of the nucleotide exchange factor Sos is sufficient for activating the Ras signaling pathway. Cell. 1994 Sep 23; 78(6):949-61. PMID: 7923364.
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    437. Deng T, Karin M. c-Fos transcriptional activity stimulated by H-Ras-activated protein kinase distinct from JNK and ERK. Nature. 1994 Sep 08; 371(6493):171-5. PMID: 8072547.
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    438. Caelles C, Helmberg A, Karin M. p53-dependent apoptosis in the absence of transcriptional activation of p53-target genes. Nature. 1994 Jul 21; 370(6486):220-3. PMID: 8028670.
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    439. Inouye C, Remondelli P, Karin M, Elledge S. Isolation of a cDNA encoding a metal response element binding protein using a novel expression cloning procedure: the one hybrid system. DNA Cell Biol. 1994 Jul; 13(7):731-42. PMID: 7772254.
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    440. Engelberg D, Zandi E, Parker CS, Karin M. The yeast and mammalian Ras pathways control transcription of heat shock genes independently of heat shock transcription factor. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Jul; 14(7):4929-37. PMID: 8007989.
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    441. Su B, Jacinto E, Hibi M, Kallunki T, Karin M, Ben-Neriah Y. JNK is involved in signal integration during costimulation of T lymphocytes. Cell. 1994 Jun 03; 77(5):727-36. PMID: 8205621.
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    442. Karin M. Signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus through the phosphorylation of transcription factors. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1994 Jun; 6(3):415-24. PMID: 7917334.
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    443. Trautwein C, van der Geer P, Karin M, Hunter T, Chojkier M. Protein kinase A and C site-specific phosphorylations of LAP (NF-IL6) modulate its binding affinity to DNA recognition elements. J Clin Invest. 1994 Jun; 93(6):2554-61. PMID: 8200992.
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    444. Engelberg D, Klein C, Martinetto H, Struhl K, Karin M. The UV response involving the Ras signaling pathway and AP-1 transcription factors is conserved between yeast and mammals. Cell. 1994 May 06; 77(3):381-90. PMID: 8181058.
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    445. Saatcioglu F, Deng T, Karin M. A novel cis element mediating ligand-independent activation by c-ErbA: implications for hormonal regulation. Cell. 1993 Dec 17; 75(6):1095-105. PMID: 7903219.
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    446. Hibi M, Lin A, Smeal T, Minden A, Karin M. Identification of an oncoprotein- and UV-responsive protein kinase that binds and potentiates the c-Jun activation domain. Genes Dev. 1993 Nov; 7(11):2135-48. PMID: 8224842.
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    447. Devary Y, Rosette C, DiDonato JA, Karin M. NF-kappa B activation by ultraviolet light not dependent on a nuclear signal. Science. 1993 Sep 10; 261(5127):1442-5. PMID: 8367725.
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    448. Trautwein C, Caelles C, van der Geer P, Hunter T, Karin M, Chojkier M. Transactivation by NF-IL6/LAP is enhanced by phosphorylation of its activation domain. Nature. 1993 Aug 05; 364(6437):544-7. PMID: 8336793.
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    449. Saatcioglu F, Bartunek P, Deng T, Zenke M, Karin M. A conserved C-terminal sequence that is deleted in v-ErbA is essential for the biological activities of c-ErbA (the thyroid hormone receptor). Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Jun; 13(6):3675-85. PMID: 8098843.
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    450. Lew D, Brady H, Klausing K, Yaginuma K, Theill LE, Stauber C, Karin M, Mellon PL. GHF-1-promoter-targeted immortalization of a somatotropic progenitor cell results in dwarfism in transgenic mice. Genes Dev. 1993 Apr; 7(4):683-93. PMID: 8096199.
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    451. Mercurio F, DiDonato JA, Rosette C, Karin M. p105 and p98 precursor proteins play an active role in NF-kappa B-mediated signal transduction. Genes Dev. 1993 Apr; 7(4):705-18. PMID: 8458581.
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    452. Alberts AS, Deng T, Lin A, Meinkoth JL, Schönthal A, Mumby MC, Karin M, Feramisco JR. Protein phosphatase 2A potentiates activity of promoters containing AP-1-binding elements. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Apr; 13(4):2104-12. PMID: 8384305.
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    453. Deng T, Karin M. JunB differs from c-Jun in its DNA-binding and dimerization domains, and represses c-Jun by formation of inactive heterodimers. Genes Dev. 1993 Mar; 7(3):479-90. PMID: 8383624.
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    454. Ekström TJ, Klump WM, Getman D, Karin M, Taylor P. Promoter elements and transcriptional regulation of the acetylcholinesterase gene. DNA Cell Biol. 1993 Jan-Feb; 12(1):63-72. PMID: 8422273.
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    455. Karin M, Yang-Yen HF, Chambard JC, Deng T, Saatcioglu F. Various modes of gene regulation by nuclear receptors for steroid and thyroid hormones. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1993; 45 Suppl 1:S9-15; discussion S43-4. PMID: 8313934.
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    456. Lin A, Smeal T, Binetruy B, Deng T, Chambard JC, Karin M. Control of AP-1 activity by signal transduction cascades. Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 1993; 28:255-60. PMID: 8398411.
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    457. Skroch P, Buchman C, Karin M. Regulation of human and yeast metallothionein gene transcription by heavy metal ions. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1993; 380:113-28. PMID: 8456121.
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    458. Hattori M, Tugores A, Westwick JK, Veloz L, Leffert HL, Karin M, Brenner DA. Activation of activating protein 1 during hepatic acute phase response. Am J Physiol. 1993 Jan; 264(1 Pt 1):G95-103. PMID: 8430810.
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    459. Devary Y, Gottlieb RA, Smeal T, Karin M. The mammalian ultraviolet response is triggered by activation of Src tyrosine kinases. Cell. 1992 Dec 24; 71(7):1081-91. PMID: 1473146.
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    460. Karin M, Smeal T. Control of transcription factors by signal transduction pathways: the beginning of the end. Trends Biochem Sci. 1992 Oct; 17(10):418-22. PMID: 1455510.
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    461. Trejo J, Chambard JC, Karin M, Brown JH. Biphasic increase in c-jun mRNA is required for induction of AP-1-mediated gene transcription: differential effects of muscarinic and thrombin receptor activation. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Oct; 12(10):4742-50. PMID: 1328861.
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    462. Deng T, Karin M. Construction and expression of a monomeric c-Jun protein that binds and activates transcription of AP-1-responsive genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 15; 89(18):8572-6. PMID: 1528863.
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    463. Lin A, Frost J, Deng T, Smeal T, al-Alawi N, Kikkawa U, Hunter T, Brenner D, Karin M. Casein kinase II is a negative regulator of c-Jun DNA binding and AP-1 activity. Cell. 1992 Sep 04; 70(5):777-89. PMID: 1516134.
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    464. Mercurio F, Didonato J, Rosette C, Karin M. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel Rel/NF-kappa B family member displaying structural and functional homology to NF-kappa B p50/p105. DNA Cell Biol. 1992 Sep; 11(7):523-37. PMID: 1388725.
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    465. Smeal T, Binetruy B, Mercola D, Grover-Bardwick A, Heidecker G, Rapp UR, Karin M. Oncoprotein-mediated signalling cascade stimulates c-Jun activity by phosphorylation of serines 63 and 73. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Aug; 12(8):3507-13. PMID: 1630458.
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    466. Theill LE, Hattori K, Lazzaro D, Castrillo JL, Karin M. Differential splicing of the GHF1 primary transcript gives rise to two functionally distinct homeodomain proteins. EMBO J. 1992 Jun; 11(6):2261-9. PMID: 1600947.
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    467. Karin M. Signal transduction from cell surface to nucleus in development and disease. FASEB J. 1992 May; 6(8):2581-90. PMID: 1317309.
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    468. Smeal T, Binetruy B, Mercola DA, Birrer M, Karin M. Oncogenic and transcriptional cooperation with Ha-Ras requires phosphorylation of c-Jun on serines 63 and 73. Nature. 1991 Dec 12; 354(6353):494-6. PMID: 1749429.
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    469. Yang-Yen HF, Zhang XK, Graupner G, Tzukerman M, Sakamoto B, Karin M, Pfahl M. Antagonism between retinoic acid receptors and AP-1: implications for tumor promotion and inflammation. New Biol. 1991 Dec; 3(12):1206-19. PMID: 1667479.
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    470. McCormick A, Brady H, Fukushima J, Karin M. The pituitary-specific regulatory gene GHF1 contains a minimal cell type-specific promoter centered around its TATA box. Genes Dev. 1991 Aug; 5(8):1490-503. PMID: 1869051.
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    471. Castrillo JL, Theill LE, Karin M. Function of the homeodomain protein GHF1 in pituitary cell proliferation. Science. 1991 Jul 12; 253(5016):197-9. PMID: 1677216.
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    472. Karin M. Signal transduction and gene control. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1991 Jun; 3(3):467-73. PMID: 1832548.
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    473. Binétruy B, Smeal T, Karin M. Ha-Ras augments c-Jun activity and stimulates phosphorylation of its activation domain. Nature. 1991 May 09; 351(6322):122-7. PMID: 1903181.
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    474. Devary Y, Gottlieb RA, Lau LF, Karin M. Rapid and preferential activation of the c-jun gene during the mammalian UV response. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 May; 11(5):2804-11. PMID: 1901948.
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    475. Karin M, Theill L, Castrillo JL, McCormick A, Brady H. Cell type specific expression of the growth hormone gene and its control by GHF-1. Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi. 1990 Dec 20; 66(12):1205-20. PMID: 2292312.
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    476. Karin M. Transcriptional control and the integration of cell-autonomous and environmental cues during development. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1990 Dec; 2(6):996-1002. PMID: 2099815.
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    477. Hattori M, Tugores A, Veloz L, Karin M, Brenner DA. A simplified method for the preparation of transcriptionally active liver nuclear extracts. DNA Cell Biol. 1990 Dec; 9(10):777-81. PMID: 2264931.
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    478. Yang-Yen HF, Chambard JC, Sun YL, Smeal T, Schmidt TJ, Drouin J, Karin M. Transcriptional interference between c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor: mutual inhibition of DNA binding due to direct protein-protein interaction. Cell. 1990 Sep 21; 62(6):1205-15. PMID: 2169352.
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    479. Buchman C, Skroch P, Dixon W, Tullius TD, Karin M. A single amino acid change in CUP2 alters its mode of DNA binding. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Sep; 10(9):4778-87. PMID: 2167439.
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    480. McCormick A, Brady H, Theill LE, Karin M. Regulation of the pituitary-specific homeobox gene GHF1 by cell-autonomous and environmental cues. Nature. 1990 Jun 28; 345(6278):829-32. PMID: 1972784.
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    481. Radler-Pohl A, Pfeuffer I, Karin M, Serfling E. A novel T-cell trans-activator that recognizes a phorbol ester-inducible element of the interleukin-2 promoter. New Biol. 1990 Jun; 2(6):566-73. PMID: 2088505.
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    482. Allegretto EA, Smeal T, Angel P, Spiegelman BM, Karin M. DNA-binding activity of Jun is increased through its interaction with Fos. J Cell Biochem. 1990 Apr; 42(4):193-206. PMID: 2111328.
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    483. Yang-Yen HF, Chiu R, Karin M. Elevation of AP1 activity during F9 cell differentiation is due to increased c-jun transcription. New Biol. 1990 Apr; 2(4):351-61. PMID: 1963081.
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    484. Karin M, Castrillo JL, Theill LE. Growth hormone gene regulation: a paradigm for cell-type-specific gene activation. Trends Genet. 1990 Mar; 6(3):92-6. PMID: 2183418.
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    485. Karin M. Too many transcription factors: positive and negative interactions. New Biol. 1990 Feb; 2(2):126-31. PMID: 2128034.
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    486. Karin M, Theill L, Castrillo JL, McCormick A, Brady H. Tissue-specific expression of the growth hormone gene and its control by growth hormone factor-1. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1990; 46:43-57; discussion 57-8. PMID: 2281188.
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    487. Chiu R, Angel P, Karin M. Jun-B differs in its biological properties from, and is a negative regulator of, c-Jun. Cell. 1989 Dec 22; 59(6):979-86. PMID: 2513128.
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    488. Smeal T, Angel P, Meek J, Karin M. Different requirements for formation of Jun: Jun and Jun: Fos complexes. Genes Dev. 1989 Dec; 3(12B):2091-100. PMID: 2516828.
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    489. Theill LE, Castrillo JL, Wu D, Karin M. Dissection of functional domains of the pituitary-specific transcription factor GHF-1. Nature. 1989 Dec 21-28; 342(6252):945-8. PMID: 2574416.
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    490. Angel P, Smeal T, Meek J, Karin M. Jun and v-jun contain multiple regions that participate in transcriptional activation in an interdependent manner. New Biol. 1989 Oct; 1(1):35-43. PMID: 2518690.
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    491. Buchman C, Skroch P, Welch J, Fogel S, Karin M. The CUP2 gene product, regulator of yeast metallothionein expression, is a copper-activated DNA-binding protein. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Sep; 9(9):4091-5. PMID: 2674688.
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    492. Dana S, Karin M. Induction of human growth hormone promoter activity by the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate pathway involves a novel responsive element. Mol Endocrinol. 1989 May; 3(5):815-21. PMID: 2547155.
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    493. Mercurio F, Karin M. Transcription factors AP-3 and AP-2 interact with the SV40 enhancer in a mutually exclusive manner. EMBO J. 1989 May; 8(5):1455-60. PMID: 2548845.
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    494. Brenner DA, O'Hara M, Angel P, Chojkier M, Karin M. Prolonged activation of jun and collagenase genes by tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Nature. 1989 Feb 16; 337(6208):661-3. PMID: 2537468.
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    495. Castrillo JL, Bodner M, Karin M. Purification of growth hormone-specific transcription factor GHF-1 containing homeobox. Science. 1989 Feb 10; 243(4892):814-7. PMID: 2563596.
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    496. Angel P, Hattori K, Smeal T, Karin M. The jun proto-oncogene is positively autoregulated by its product, Jun/AP-1. Cell. 1988 Dec 02; 55(5):875-85. PMID: 3142689.
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    497. Hattori K, Angel P, Le Beau MM, Karin M. Structure and chromosomal localization of the functional intronless human JUN protooncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec; 85(23):9148-52. PMID: 3194415.
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    498. Bodner M, Castrillo JL, Theill LE, Deerinck T, Ellisman M, Karin M. The pituitary-specific transcription factor GHF-1 is a homeobox-containing protein. Cell. 1988 Nov 04; 55(3):505-18. PMID: 2902927.
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    499. McCormick A, Wu D, Castrillo JL, Dana S, Strobl J, Thompson EB, Karin M. Extinction of growth hormone expression in somatic cell hybrids involves repression of the specific trans-activator GHF-1. Cell. 1988 Oct 21; 55(2):379-89. PMID: 3167985.
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    500. Chiu R, Boyle WJ, Meek J, Smeal T, Hunter T, Karin M. The c-Fos protein interacts with c-Jun/AP-1 to stimulate transcription of AP-1 responsive genes. Cell. 1988 Aug 12; 54(4):541-52. PMID: 3135940.
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    501. Angel P, Allegretto EA, Okino ST, Hattori K, Boyle WJ, Hunter T, Karin M. Oncogene jun encodes a sequence-specific trans-activator similar to AP-1. Nature. 1988 Mar 10; 332(6160):166-71. PMID: 3347253.
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    502. Imagawa M, Chiu R, Karin M. Transcription factor AP-2 mediates induction by two different signal-transduction pathways: protein kinase C and cAMP. Cell. 1987 Oct 23; 51(2):251-60. PMID: 2822255.
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    503. Chiu R, Imagawa M, Imbra RJ, Bockoven JR, Karin M. Multiple cis- and trans-acting elements mediate the transcriptional response to phorbol esters. Nature. 1987 Oct 15-21; 329(6140):648-51. PMID: 2821407.
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