Loading...
Sign in to edit your profile (add interests, mentoring, photo, etc.)

    Mark Bondi

    TitleProfessor In Residence
    SchoolUniversity of California, San Diego
    DepartmentPsychiatry
    Address9500 Gilman Drive #9116-B
    CA La Jolla 92093
    Phone858-552-8585
    vCardDownload vCard

      Collapse Overview 
      Collapse Overview

      Biography

      Dr. Bondi received his doctorate in Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology from the University of Arizona (1991) and was a National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellow at UCSD from 1991 to 1993. Currently he is a Professor of Psychiatry at UCSD and Director of the Neuropsychological Assessment Unit at the San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Dr. Bondi is a licensed psychologist in California and board certified in Clinical Neuropsychology by the American Board of Professional Psychology. He is a Fellow of both the National Academy of Neuropsychology and Division 40 (Society for Clinical Neuropsychology) of the American Psychological Association and is the President-Elect of APA Division 40. He serves on the editorial boards of several prominent journals in neuropsychology and he has published over 150 research articles and book chapters, and he is the co-author of the 2013 book Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Definitions, Diagnosis and Treatment.

      Research Interests

      Research focuses on: (1) characterizing the cognitive and brain changes of the preclinical period of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); (2) understanding vascular contributions to the development of AD; (3) critically examining the concept of Mild Cognitive Impairment in an effort to improve upon its nosology, clinical characterization and ability to predict clinical outcomes; (4) examining how the profiles of cognitive and brain changes in the development of AD vary by age; (5) developing and refining neuropsychological test measurement strategies in the AD prodrome, (6) examining the effect of disclosing of one’s risk for AD on subjective and objective memory, and (7) examining the role of genetic and neurobehavioral factors in recovery following traumatic brain injury.

      Clinical Focus

      Dr. Bondi is Director of the VA Neuropsychological Assessment Unit and an active clinical neuropsychologist in the UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry's private practice plan (UCSD Neuropsychological Associates). He conducts clinical neuropsychological evaluations of adults with a wide range of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Different test batteries have been developed to respond to specific referral questions arising from diverse patient populations as well as document cognitive changes occurring during the course of disease or treatment. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments also are requested in the context of medicolegal or disability evaluations.


      Collapse Research 
      Collapse Research Activities and Funding
      New Quantitative Neuroimaging Metrics of Structural and Functional Connectivity of the Locus Coeruleus as a Novel Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis and Progression
      NIH/NIA R01AG054049Sep 15, 2017 - Apr 30, 2022
      Role: Co-Principal Investigator
      Pupillary Responses as a Risk and Staging Biomarker of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease
      NIH/NIA R01AG054509May 15, 2017 - Apr 30, 2021
      Role: Co-Principal Investigator
      Re-visiting Methods for MCI Diagnosis to Improve Biomarker and Trial Findings
      NIH/NIA R01AG049810Mar 15, 2016 - Feb 28, 2021
      Role: Principal Investigator
      Neuroimaging and Risk Factor Correlates in Aging and MCI
      NIH/NIA K24AG026431Jul 1, 2005 - Jul 31, 2017
      Role: Principal Investigator
      Cognitive Abilities of At-Risk Elderly for Dementia
      NIH/NIA R01AG012674Apr 20, 1994 - May 31, 2014
      Role: Principal Investigator
      Cognitive Abilities of At-Risk Elderly for Dementia
      NIH/NIA R56AG012674Apr 20, 1994 - Jun 30, 2008
      Role: Principal Investigator
      COGNITIVE ABILITIES OF AT RISK ELDERLY FOR DEMENTIA
      NIH/NIA R29AG012674Apr 20, 1994 - Mar 31, 2000
      Role: Principal Investigator
      IMPLICIT MEMORY IN AGING AND DEMENTIA
      NIH/NIA F32AG005561Jul 1, 1991
      Role: Principal Investigator
      UCSD Alzheimer's Disease Research Center P50
      NIH/NIA P50AG005131Sep 28, 1984 - Mar 31, 2019
      Role: Co-Investigator

      Collapse Bibliographic 
      Collapse Publications
      Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help.
      List All   |   Timeline
      1. Thomas KR, Eppig J, Edmonds EC, Jacobs DM, Libon DJ, Au R, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Word-list intrusion errors predict progression to mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychology. 2018 Feb; 32(2):235-245. PMID: 29528684.
        View in: PubMed
      2. Werhane ML, Thomas KR, Edmonds EC, Bangen KJ, Tran M, Clark AL, Nation DA, Gilbert PE, Bondi M, Delano-Wood L. Differential Effect of APOE ?4 Status and Elevated Pulse Pressure on Functional Decline in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018; 62(4):1567-1578. PMID: 29562507.
        View in: PubMed
      3. Edmonds EC, Ard MC, Edland SD, Galasko DR, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Unmasking the benefits of donepezil via psychometrically precise identification of mild cognitive impairment: A secondary analysis of the ADCS vitamin E and donepezil in MCI study. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2018; 4:11-18. PMID: 29296659.
        View in: PubMed
      4. Jacobs DM, Ard MC, Salmon DP, Galasko DR, Bondi M, Edland SD. Potential implications of practice effects in Alzheimer's disease prevention trials. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2017 Nov; 3(4):531-535. PMID: 29124111.
        View in: PubMed
      5. Graves LV, Van Etten EJ, Holden HM, Delano-Wood L, Bondi M, Corey-Bloom J, Delis DC, Gilbert PE. Refining CVLT-II recognition discriminability indices to enhance the characterization of recognition memory changes in healthy aging. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2017 Aug 31; 1-16. PMID: 28857679.
        View in: PubMed
      6. Jurick SM, Weissberger GH, Clark LR, Wierenga CE, Chang YL, Schiehser DM, Han SD, Jak AJ, Dev SI, Bondi M. Faulty Adaptation to Repeated Face-Name Associative Pairs in Mild Cognitive Impairment is Predictive of Cognitive Decline. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2017 Jun 26; 1-16. PMID: 28655152.
        View in: PubMed
      7. Bangen KJ, Clark AL, Edmonds EC, Evangelista ND, Werhane ML, Thomas KR, Locano LE, Tran M, Zlatar ZZ, Nation DA, Bondi M, Delano-Wood L. Cerebral Blood Flow and Amyloid-ß Interact to Affect Memory Performance in Cognitively Normal Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017; 9:181. PMID: 28642699.
        View in: PubMed
      8. Eppig JS, Edmonds EC, Campbell L, Sanderson-Cimino M, Delano-Wood L, Bondi M. Statistically Derived Subtypes and Associations with Cerebrospinal Fluid and Genetic Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Latent Profile Analysis. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017 Aug; 23(7):564-576. PMID: 28578726.
        View in: PubMed
      9. Thomas KR, Edmonds EC, Delano-Wood L, Bondi M. Longitudinal Trajectories of Informant-Reported Daily Functioning in Empirically Defined Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017 Jul; 23(6):521-527. PMID: 28487004.
        View in: PubMed
      10. Sheppard DP, Iudicello JE, Morgan EE, Kamat R, Clark LR, Avci G, Bondi M, Woods SP. Accelerated and accentuated neurocognitive aging in HIV infection. J Neurovirol. 2017 Jun; 23(3):492-500. PMID: 28321696.
        View in: PubMed
      11. Graves LV, Moreno CC, Seewald M, Holden HM, Van Etten EJ, Uttarwar V, McDonald CR, Delano-Wood L, Bondi M, Woods SP, Delis DC, Gilbert PE. Effects of Age and Gender on Recall and Recognition Discriminability. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2017 Mar 17; 1-8. PMID: 28334345.
        View in: PubMed
      12. Nation DA, Bondi M, Gayles E, Delis DC. Mechanisms of Memory Dysfunction during High Altitude Hypoxia Training in Military Aircrew. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017 Jan; 23(1):1-10. PMID: 27923417.
        View in: PubMed
      13. Herbert MS, Afari N, Liu L, Heppner P, Rutledge T, Williams K, Eraly S, VanBuskirk K, Nguyen C, Bondi M, Atkinson JH, Golshan S, Wetherell JL. Telehealth Versus In-Person Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial. J Pain. 2017 Feb; 18(2):200-211. PMID: 27838498.
        View in: PubMed
      14. Edmonds EC, Bangen KJ, Delano-Wood L, Nation DA, Furst AJ, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Patterns of Cortical and Subcortical Amyloid Burden across Stages of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2016 Nov; 22(10):978-990. PMID: 27903335.
        View in: PubMed
      15. Edmonds EC, Eppig J, Bondi M, Leyden KM, Goodwin B, Delano-Wood L, McDonald CR. Heterogeneous cortical atrophy patterns in MCI not captured by conventional diagnostic criteria. Neurology. 2016 Nov 15; 87(20):2108-2116. PMID: 27760874.
        View in: PubMed
      16. Veeramuthu V, Narayanan V, Ramli N, Hernowo A, Waran V, Bondi M, Delano-Wood L, Ganesan D. Neuropsychological Outcomes in Patients with Complicated Versus Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: 6-Month Follow-Up. World Neurosurg. 2017 Jan; 97:416-423. PMID: 27751922.
        View in: PubMed
      17. Clark AL, Sorg SF, Schiehser DM, Bigler ED, Bondi M, Jacobson MW, Jak AJ, Delano-Wood L. White Matter Associations With Performance Validity Testing in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: The Utility of Biomarkers in Complicated Assessment. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2016 Sep-Oct; 31(5):346-59. PMID: 26360002; PMCID: PMC4786475 [Available on 09/01/17].
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      18. Sorg SF, Schiehser DM, Bondi M, Luc N, Clark AL, Jacobson MW, Frank LR, Delano-Wood L. White Matter Microstructural Compromise Is Associated With Cognition But Not Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Military Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2016 Sep-Oct; 31(5):297-308. PMID: 26360008.
        View in: PubMed
      19. Graves LV, Holden HM, Delano-Wood L, Bondi M, Woods SP, Corey-Bloom J, Salmon DP, Delis DC, Gilbert PE. Total recognition discriminability in Huntington's and Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2017 Mar; 39(2):120-130. PMID: 27441951.
        View in: PubMed
      20. Narayanan V, Veeramuthu V, Ahmad-Annuar A, Ramli N, Waran V, Chinna K, Bondi M, Delano-Wood L, Ganesan D. Missense Mutation of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Alters Neurocognitive Performance in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Study. PLoS One. 2016; 11(7):e0158838. PMID: 27438599.
        View in: PubMed
      21. Zlatar ZZ, Bischoff-Grethe A, Hays CC, Liu TT, Meloy MJ, Rissman RA, Bondi M, Wierenga CE. Higher Brain Perfusion May Not Support Memory Functions in Cognitively Normal Carriers of the ApoE e4 Allele Compared to Non-Carriers. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016; 8:151. PMID: 27445794; PMCID: PMC4919360.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      22. Clark AL, Sorg SF, Schiehser DM, Luc N, Bondi M, Sanderson M, Werhane ML, Delano-Wood L. Deep white matter hyperintensities affect verbal memory independent of PTSD symptoms in veterans with mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj. 2016; 30(7):864-71. PMID: 27058006.
        View in: PubMed
      23. Edmonds EC, Delano-Wood L, Jak AJ, Galasko DR, Salmon DP, Bondi M. "Missed" Mild Cognitive Impairment: High False-Negative Error Rate Based on Conventional Diagnostic Criteria. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016 03 31; 52(2):685-91. PMID: 27031477; PMCID: PMC4879874.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      24. Jak AJ, Preis SR, Beiser AS, Seshadri S, Wolf PA, Bondi M, Au R. Neuropsychological Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Risk in the Framingham Heart Study. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2016 Oct; 22(9):937-943. PMID: 27029348.
        View in: PubMed
      25. Bangen KJ, Clark AL, Werhane M, Edmonds EC, Nation DA, Evangelista N, Libon DJ, Bondi M, Delano-Wood L. Cortical Amyloid Burden Differences Across Empirically-Derived Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes and Interaction with APOE ?4 Genotype. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016 03 29; 52(3):849-61. PMID: 27031472; PMCID: PMC4884141.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      26. Twamley EW, Thomas KR, Gregory AM, Jak AJ, Bondi M, Delis DC, Lohr JB. CogSMART Compensatory Cognitive Training for Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects Over 1 Year. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015 Nov-Dec; 30(6):391-401. PMID: 25033034.
        View in: PubMed
      27. Ahmed S, Brennan L, Eppig J, Price CC, Lamar M, Delano-Wood L, Bangen KJ, Edmonds EC, Clark L, Nation DA, Jak A, Au R, Swenson R, Bondi M, Libon DJ. Visuoconstructional Impairment in Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2016; 23(1):43-52. PMID: 26397732.
        View in: PubMed
      28. Sheppard DP, Woods SP, Bondi M, Gilbert PE, Massman PJ, Doyle KL. Does Older Age Confer an Increased Risk of Incident Neurocognitive Disorders Among Persons Living with HIV Disease? Clin Neuropsychol. 2015; 29(5):656-77. PMID: 26367342; PMCID: PMC4570033.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      29. Veeramuthu V, Narayanan V, Kuo TL, Delano-Wood L, Chinna K, Bondi M, Waran V, Ganesan D, Ramli N. Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Correlation with Early Neuropsychological Impairment: A Longitudinal Study. J Neurotrauma. 2015 Oct 01; 32(19):1497-509. PMID: 25952562; PMCID: PMC4589266.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      30. Sheppard DP, Graves LV, Holden HM, Delano-Wood L, Bondi M, Gilbert PE. Spatial pattern separation differences in older adult carriers and non-carriers for the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2016 Mar; 129:113-9. PMID: 25957133; PMCID: PMC4635106 [Available on 03/01/17].
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      31. Nation DA, Edmonds EC, Bangen KJ, Delano-Wood L, Scanlon BK, Han SD, Edland SD, Salmon DP, Galasko DR, Bondi M. Pulse pressure in relation to tau-mediated neurodegeneration, cerebral amyloidosis, and progression to dementia in very old adults. JAMA Neurol. 2015 May; 72(5):546-53. PMID: 25822631; PMCID: PMC4428938.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      32. Schiehser DM, Delano-Wood L, Jak AJ, Matthews SC, Simmons AN, Jacobson MW, Filoteo JV, Bondi M, Orff HJ, Liu L. Validation of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale in mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015 Mar-Apr; 30(2):116-21. PMID: 24413076.
        View in: PubMed
      33. Clark LR, Nation DA, Wierenga CE, Bangen KJ, Dev SI, Shin DD, Delano-Wood L, Liu TT, Rissman RA, Bondi M. Elevated cerebrovascular resistance index is associated with cognitive dysfunction in the very-old. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2015 Jan 21; 7(1):3. PMID: 27391477; PMCID: PMC4942967.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      34. Edmonds EC, Delano-Wood L, Galasko DR, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Subtle Cognitive Decline and Biomarker Staging in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015; 47(1):231-42. PMID: 26402771; PMCID: PMC4634634.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      35. Weissberger GH, Gollan TH, Bondi M, Clark LR, Wierenga CE. Language and task switching in the bilingual brain: Bilinguals are staying, not switching, experts. Neuropsychologia. 2015 Jan; 66:193-203. PMID: 25446970; PMCID: PMC4596720.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      36. Edmonds EC, Delano-Wood L, Galasko DR, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Subjective cognitive complaints contribute to misdiagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2014 Sep; 20(8):836-47. PMID: 25156329; PMCID: PMC4172502.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      37. Bangen KJ, Nation DA, Delano-Wood L, Weissberger GH, Hansen LA, Galasko DR, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Aggregate effects of vascular risk factors on cerebrovascular changes in autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2015 Apr; 11(4):394-403.e1. PMID: 25022538; PMCID: PMC4287462.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      38. Bangen KJ, Nation DA, Clark LR, Harmell AL, Wierenga CE, Dev SI, Delano-Wood L, Zlatar ZZ, Salmon DP, Liu TT, Bondi M. Interactive effects of vascular risk burden and advanced age on cerebral blood flow. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014; 6:159. PMID: 25071567; PMCID: PMC4083452.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      39. Edmonds EC, Delano-Wood L, Clark LR, Jak AJ, Nation DA, McDonald CR, Libon DJ, Au R, Galasko D, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Susceptibility of the conventional criteria for mild cognitive impairment to false-positive diagnostic errors. Alzheimers Dement. 2015 Apr; 11(4):415-24. PMID: 24857234; PMCID: PMC4241187.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      40. Bondi M, Smith GE. Mild cognitive impairment: a concept and diagnostic entity in need of input from neuropsychology. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2014 Feb; 20(2):129-34. PMID: 24490866; PMCID: PMC4039178.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      41. Lineweaver TT, Bondi M, Galasko D, Salmon DP. Effect of knowledge of APOE genotype on subjective and objective memory performance in healthy older adults. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Feb; 171(2):201-8. PMID: 24170170; PMCID: PMC4037144.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      42. Twamley EW, Jak AJ, Delis DC, Bondi M, Lohr JB. Cognitive Symptom Management and Rehabilitation Therapy (CogSMART) for veterans with traumatic brain injury: pilot randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2014; 51(1):59-70. PMID: 24805894.
        View in: PubMed
      43. Bondi M, Edmonds EC, Jak AJ, Clark LR, Delano-Wood L, McDonald CR, Nation DA, Libon DJ, Au R, Galasko D, Salmon DP. Neuropsychological criteria for mild cognitive impairment improves diagnostic precision, biomarker associations, and progression rates. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014; 42(1):275-89. PMID: 24844687; PMCID: PMC4133291.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      44. Libon DJ, Drabick DA, Giovannetti T, Price CC, Bondi M, Eppig J, Devlin K, Nieves C, Lamar M, Delano-Wood L, Nation DA, Brennan L, Au R, Swenson R. Neuropsychological syndromes associated with Alzheimer's/vascular dementia: a latent class analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014; 42(3):999-1014. PMID: 25024329.
        View in: PubMed
      45. Sorg SF, Delano-Wood L, Luc N, Schiehser DM, Hanson KL, Nation DA, Lanni E, Jak AJ, Lu K, Meloy MJ, Frank LR, Lohr JB, Bondi M. White matter integrity in veterans with mild traumatic brain injury: associations with executive function and loss of consciousness. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2014 Jan-Feb; 29(1):21-32. PMID: 23640539; PMCID: PMC4300196.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      46. Nation DA, Edland SD, Bondi M, Salmon DP, Delano-Wood L, Peskind ER, Quinn JF, Galasko DR. Pulse pressure is associated with Alzheimer biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults. Neurology. 2013 Dec 03; 81(23):2024-7. PMID: 24225352; PMCID: PMC3854831.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      47. Chang YL, Fennema-Notestine C, Holland D, McEvoy LK, Stricker NH, Salmon DP, Dale AM, Bondi M. APOE interacts with age to modify rate of decline in cognitive and brain changes in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2014 May; 10(3):336-48. PMID: 23896613; PMCID: PMC3815680.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      48. Weissberger GH, Salmon DP, Bondi M, Gollan TH. Which neuropsychological tests predict progression to Alzheimer's disease in Hispanics? Neuropsychology. 2013 May; 27(3):343-55. PMID: 23688216; PMCID: PMC3740167.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      49. Bangen KJ, Beiser A, Delano-Wood L, Nation DA, Lamar M, Libon DJ, Bondi M, Seshadri S, Wolf PA, Au R. APOE genotype modifies the relationship between midlife vascular risk factors and later cognitive decline. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013 Nov; 22(8):1361-9. PMID: 23601373; PMCID: PMC3849195.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      50. Clark LR, Delano-Wood L, Libon DJ, McDonald CR, Nation DA, Bangen KJ, Jak AJ, Au R, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Are empirically-derived subtypes of mild cognitive impairment consistent with conventional subtypes? J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2013 Jul; 19(6):635-45. PMID: 23552486; PMCID: PMC3742806.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      51. Nation DA, Wierenga CE, Clark LR, Dev SI, Stricker NH, Jak AJ, Salmon DP, Delano-Wood L, Bangen KJ, Rissman RA, Liu TT, Bondi M. Cortical and subcortical cerebrovascular resistance index in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013; 36(4):689-98. PMID: 23666173; PMCID: PMC4089500.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      52. Wierenga CE, Clark LR, Dev SI, Shin DD, Jurick SM, Rissman RA, Liu TT, Bondi M. Interaction of age and APOE genotype on cerebral blood flow at rest. J Alzheimers Dis. 2013; 34(4):921-35. PMID: 23302659; PMCID: PMC4124882.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      53. Clark LR, Stricker NH, Libon DJ, Delano-Wood L, Salmon DP, Delis DC, Bondi M. Yes/no versus forced-choice recognition memory in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: patterns of impairment and associations with dementia severity. Clin Neuropsychol. 2012; 26(7):1201-16. PMID: 23030301; PMCID: PMC3482270.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      54. Weissberger GH, Wierenga CE, Bondi M, Gollan TH. Partially overlapping mechanisms of language and task control in young and older bilinguals. Psychol Aging. 2012 Dec; 27(4):959-74. PMID: 22582883; PMCID: PMC3494773.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      55. Wierenga CE, Dev SI, Shin DD, Clark LR, Bangen KJ, Jak AJ, Rissman RA, Liu TT, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Effect of mild cognitive impairment and APOE genotype on resting cerebral blood flow and its association with cognition. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012 Aug; 32(8):1589-99. PMID: 22549621; PMCID: PMC3421098.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      56. Nation DA, Delano-Wood L, Bangen KJ, Wierenga CE, Jak AJ, Hansen LA, Galasko DR, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Antemortem pulse pressure elevation predicts cerebrovascular disease in autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012; 30(3):595-603. PMID: 22451309; PMCID: PMC3370943.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      57. Delano-Wood L, Stricker NH, Sorg SF, Nation DA, Jak AJ, Woods SP, Libon DJ, Delis DC, Frank LR, Bondi M. Posterior cingulum white matter disruption and its associations with verbal memory and stroke risk in mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012; 29(3):589-603. PMID: 22466061; PMCID: PMC3341099.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      58. Bangen KJ, Restom K, Liu TT, Wierenga CE, Jak AJ, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Assessment of Alzheimer's disease risk with functional magnetic resonance imaging: an arterial spin labeling study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012; 31 Suppl 3:S59-74. PMID: 22531427; PMCID: PMC3443702.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      59. Clark LR, Schiehser DM, Weissberger GH, Salmon DP, Delis DC, Bondi M. Specific measures of executive function predict cognitive decline in older adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2012 Jan; 18(1):118-27. PMID: 22115028; PMCID: PMC3314335.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      60. Weber E, Woods SP, Delano-Wood L, Bondi M, Gilbert PE, Grant I. An examination of the age-prospective memory paradox in HIV-infected adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2011 Dec; 33(10):1108-18. PMID: 21992453; PMCID: PMC3327134.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      61. Eppig J, Wambach D, Nieves C, Price CC, Lamar M, Delano-Wood L, Giovannetti T, Bettcher BM, Penney DL, Swenson R, Lippa C, Kabasakalian A, Bondi M, Libon DJ. Dysexecutive functioning in mild cognitive impairment: derailment in temporal gradients. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2012 Jan; 18(1):20-8. PMID: 22014116; PMCID: PMC3315354.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      62. Morgan EE, Woods SP, Delano-Wood L, Bondi M, Grant I. Intraindividual variability in HIV infection: evidence for greater neurocognitive dispersion in older HIV seropositive adults. Neuropsychology. 2011 Sep; 25(5):645-54. PMID: 21574712; PMCID: PMC3158302.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      63. Libon DJ, Bondi M, Price CC, Lamar M, Eppig J, Wambach DM, Nieves C, Delano-Wood L, Giovannetti T, Lippa C, Kabasakalian A, Cosentino S, Swenson R, Penney DL. Verbal serial list learning in mild cognitive impairment: a profile analysis of interference, forgetting, and errors. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2011 Sep; 17(5):905-14. PMID: 21880171; PMCID: PMC3315271.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      64. Scott JC, Woods SP, Carey CL, Weber E, Bondi M, Grant I. Neurocognitive consequences of HIV infection in older adults: an evaluation of the "cortical" hypothesis. AIDS Behav. 2011 Aug; 15(6):1187-96. PMID: 20865313; PMCID: PMC3110599.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      65. Schiehser DM, Delis DC, Filoteo JV, Delano-Wood L, Han SD, Jak AJ, Drake AI, Bondi M. Are self-reported symptoms of executive dysfunction associated with objective executive function performance following mild to moderate traumatic brain injury? J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2011 Jul; 33(6):704-14. PMID: 21958432; PMCID: PMC3325052.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      66. Nation DA, Hong S, Jak AJ, Delano-Wood L, Mills PJ, Bondi M, Dimsdale JE. Stress, exercise, and Alzheimer's disease: a neurovascular pathway. Med Hypotheses. 2011 Jun; 76(6):847-54. PMID: 21398043; PMCID: PMC3094492.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      67. Wierenga CE, Stricker NH, McCauley A, Simmons A, Jak AJ, Chang YL, Nation DA, Bangen KJ, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Altered brain response for semantic knowledge in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia. 2011 Feb; 49(3):392-404. PMID: 21163275; PMCID: PMC3058793.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      68. Woods SP, Weber E, Cameron MV, Dawson MS, Delano-Wood L, Bondi M, Grant I. Spontaneous strategy use protects against visual working memory deficits in older adults infected with HIV. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2010 Dec; 25(8):724-33. PMID: 20876195; PMCID: PMC2979348.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      69. Han SD, Suzuki H, Jak AJ, Chang YL, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Hierarchical cognitive and psychosocial predictors of amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2010 Jul; 16(4):721-9. PMID: 20561399; PMCID: PMC3005198.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      70. Bangen KJ, Delano-Wood L, Wierenga CE, Stricker NH, Hesselink JR, Bondi M. Dementia following herpes zoster encephalitis. Clin Neuropsychol. 2010 Oct; 24(7):1193-203. PMID: 20503134; PMCID: PMC3013629.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      71. Bangen KJ, Jak AJ, Schiehser DM, Delano-Wood L, Tuminello E, Han SD, Delis DC, Bondi M. Complex activities of daily living vary by mild cognitive impairment subtype. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2010 Jul; 16(4):630-9. PMID: 20374675; PMCID: PMC2891154.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      72. Wierenga CE, Stricker NH, McCauley A, Simmons A, Jak AJ, Chang YL, Delano-Wood L, Bangen KJ, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Increased functional brain response during word retrieval in cognitively intact older adults at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage. 2010 Jul 01; 51(3):1222-33. PMID: 20298792; PMCID: PMC2862794.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      73. Bangen KJ, Delano-Wood L, Wierenga CE, McCauley A, Jeste DV, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Associations between stroke risk and cognition in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease with and without depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Feb; 25(2):175-82. PMID: 19551707; PMCID: PMC2864110.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      74. Chang YL, Bondi M, Fennema-Notestine C, McEvoy LK, Hagler DJ, Jacobson MW, Dale AM. Brain substrates of learning and retention in mild cognitive impairment diagnosis and progression to Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia. 2010 Apr; 48(5):1237-47. PMID: 20034503; PMCID: PMC2851550.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      75. Delano-Wood L, Bondi M, Sacco J, Abeles N, Jak AJ, Libon DJ, Bozoki A. Heterogeneity in mild cognitive impairment: differences in neuropsychological profile and associated white matter lesion pathology. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2009 Nov; 15(6):906-14. PMID: 19891820; PMCID: PMC3034688.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      76. Delis DC, Fine EM, Stricker JL, Houston WS, Wetter SR, Cobell K, Jacobson MW, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Comparison of the traditional recall-based versus a new list-based method for computing semantic clustering on the California Verbal Learning Test: evidence from Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neuropsychol. 2010 Jan; 24(1):70-9. PMID: 19894184; PMCID: PMC3084534.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      77. Jak AJ, Urban S, McCauley A, Bangen KJ, Delano-Wood L, Corey-Bloom J, Bondi M. Profile of hippocampal volumes and stroke risk varies by neuropsychological definition of mild cognitive impairment. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2009 Nov; 15(6):890-7. PMID: 19570306; PMCID: PMC2864786.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      78. Jak AJ, Bondi M, Delano-Wood L, Wierenga C, Corey-Bloom J, Salmon DP, Delis DC. Quantification of five neuropsychological approaches to defining mild cognitive impairment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009 May; 17(5):368-75. PMID: 19390294; PMCID: PMC2743175.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      79. Jacobson MW, Delis DC, Peavy GM, Wetter SR, Bigler ED, Abildskov TJ, Bondi M, Salmon DP. The emergence of cognitive discrepancies in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: a six-year case study. Neurocase. 2009 Aug; 15(4):278-93. PMID: 19382039; PMCID: PMC2875065.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      80. Han SD, Suzuki H, Drake AI, Jak AJ, Houston WS, Bondi M. Clinical, cognitive, and genetic predictors of change in job status following traumatic brain injury in a military population. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2009 Jan-Feb; 24(1):57-64. PMID: 19158597; PMCID: PMC3319716.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      81. Jak AJ, Bangen KJ, Wierenga CE, Delano-Wood L, Corey-Bloom J, Bondi M. Contributions of neuropsychology and neuroimaging to understanding clinical subtypes of mild cognitive impairment. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009; 84:81-103. PMID: 19501714; PMCID: PMC2864107.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      82. Salmon DP, Bondi M. Neuropsychological assessment of dementia. Annu Rev Psychol. 2009; 60:257-82. PMID: 18616392; PMCID: PMC2864104.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      83. Han SD, Bangen KJ, Bondi M. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of compensatory neural recruitment in aging and risk for Alzheimer's disease: review and recommendations. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009; 27(1):1-10. PMID: 19088472; PMCID: PMC2820574.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      84. Delano-Wood L, Bondi M, Jak AJ, Horne NR, Schweinsburg BC, Frank LR, Wierenga CE, Delis DC, Theilmann RJ, Salmon DP. Stroke risk modifies regional white matter differences in mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 Oct; 31(10):1721-31. PMID: 19004528; PMCID: PMC2946939.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      85. Bloss CS, Delis DC, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Decreased cognition in children with risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Nov 15; 64(10):904-6. PMID: 18722591; PMCID: PMC2607139.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      86. Bloss CS, Delis DC, Salmon DP, Bondi M. APOE genotype is associated with left-handedness and visuospatial skills in children. Neurobiol Aging. 2010 May; 31(5):787-95. PMID: 18606479; PMCID: PMC2865468.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      87. Delano-Wood L, Houston WS, Emond JA, Marchant NL, Salmon DP, Jeste DV, Thal LJ, Bondi M. APOE genotype predicts depression in women with Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008 Jun; 23(6):632-6. PMID: 18058831; PMCID: PMC2583456.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      88. Fine EM, Delis DC, Wetter SR, Jacobson MW, Hamilton JM, Peavy G, Goldstein J, McDonald C, Corey-Bloom J, Bondi M, Salmon DP. Identifying the "source" of recognition memory deficits in patients with Huntington's disease or Alzheimer's disease: evidence from the CVLT-II. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2008 May; 30(4):463-70. PMID: 18415887; PMCID: PMC2864091.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      89. Fine EM, Delis DC, Wetter SR, Jacobson MW, Jak AJ, McDonald CR, Braga JC, Thal LJ, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Cognitive discrepancies versus APOE genotype as predictors of cognitive decline in normal-functioning elderly individuals: a longitudinal study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008 May; 16(5):366-74. PMID: 18448849; PMCID: PMC3050584.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      90. Han SD, Bondi M. Revision of the apolipoprotein E compensatory mechanism recruitment hypothesis. Alzheimers Dement. 2008 Jul; 4(4):251-4. PMID: 18631975.
        View in: PubMed
      91. Bondi M, Jak AJ, Delano-Wood L, Jacobson MW, Delis DC, Salmon DP. Neuropsychological contributions to the early identification of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychol Rev. 2008 Mar; 18(1):73-90. PMID: 18347989; PMCID: PMC2882236.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      92. Bangen KJ, Restom K, Liu TT, Jak AJ, Wierenga CE, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Differential age effects on cerebral blood flow and BOLD response to encoding: associations with cognition and stroke risk. Neurobiol Aging. 2009 Aug; 30(8):1276-87. PMID: 18160181; PMCID: PMC2804245.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      93. Mickes L, Wixted JT, Fennema-Notestine C, Galasko D, Bondi M, Thal LJ, Salmon DP. Progressive impairment on neuropsychological tasks in a longitudinal study of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology. 2007 Nov; 21(6):696-705. PMID: 17983283.
        View in: PubMed
      94. Bischoff-Grethe A, Ozyurt IB, Busa E, Quinn BT, Fennema-Notestine C, Clark CP, Morris S, Bondi M, Jernigan TL, Dale AM, Brown GG, Fischl B. A technique for the deidentification of structural brain MR images. Hum Brain Mapp. 2007 Sep; 28(9):892-903. PMID: 17295313; PMCID: PMC2408762.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      95. Restom K, Bangen KJ, Bondi M, Perthen JE, Liu TT. Cerebral blood flow and BOLD responses to a memory encoding task: a comparison between healthy young and elderly adults. Neuroimage. 2007 Aug 15; 37(2):430-9. PMID: 17590353; PMCID: PMC2214854.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      96. Wierenga CE, Bondi M. Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging in the early identification of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychol Rev. 2007 Jun; 17(2):127-43. PMID: 17476598; PMCID: PMC2084460.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      97. Jak AJ, Houston WS, Nagel BJ, Corey-Bloom J, Bondi M. Differential cross-sectional and longitudinal impact of APOE genotype on hippocampal volumes in nondemented older adults. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2007; 23(6):382-9. PMID: 17389798; PMCID: PMC2084479.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      98. Han SD, Drake AI, Cessante LM, Jak AJ, Houston WS, Delis DC, Filoteo JV, Bondi M. Apolipoprotein E and traumatic brain injury in a military population: evidence of a neuropsychological compensatory mechanism? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007 Oct; 78(10):1103-8. PMID: 17287237; PMCID: PMC2117544.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      99. Wetter SR, Delis DC, Houston WS, Jacobson MW, Lansing A, Cobell K, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Heterogeneity in verbal memory: a marker of preclinical Alzheimer's disease? Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2006 Sep-Dec; 13(3-4):503-15. PMID: 16887786.
        View in: PubMed
      100. Twamley EW, Ropacki SA, Bondi M. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging changes in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2006 Sep; 12(5):707-35. PMID: 16961952; PMCID: PMC1621044.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      101. Fennema-Notestine C, Ozyurt IB, Clark CP, Morris S, Bischoff-Grethe A, Bondi M, Jernigan TL, Fischl B, Segonne F, Shattuck DW, Leahy RM, Rex DE, Toga AW, Zou KH, Brown GG. Quantitative evaluation of automated skull-stripping methods applied to contemporary and legacy images: effects of diagnosis, bias correction, and slice location. Hum Brain Mapp. 2006 Feb; 27(2):99-113. PMID: 15986433; PMCID: PMC2408865.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      102. Han SD, Houston WS, Jak AJ, Eyler LT, Nagel BJ, Fleisher AS, Brown GG, Corey-Bloom J, Salmon DP, Thal LJ, Bondi M. Verbal paired-associate learning by APOE genotype in non-demented older adults: fMRI evidence of a right hemispheric compensatory response. Neurobiol Aging. 2007 Feb; 28(2):238-47. PMID: 16434125; PMCID: PMC1705815.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      103. Fleisher AS, Houston WS, Eyler LT, Frye S, Jenkins C, Thal LJ, Bondi M. Identification of Alzheimer disease risk by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol. 2005 Dec; 62(12):1881-8. PMID: 16344346.
        View in: PubMed
      104. Jacobson MW, Delis DC, Lansing A, Houston W, Olsen R, Wetter S, Bondi M, Salmon DP. Asymmetries in global-local processing ability in elderly people with the apolipoprotein e-epsilon4 allele. Neuropsychology. 2005 Nov; 19(6):822-9. PMID: 16351358.
        View in: PubMed
      105. Houston WS, Delis DC, Lansing A, Jacobson MW, Cobell KR, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Executive function asymmetry in older adults genetically at-risk for Alzheimer's disease: verbal versus design fluency. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005 Nov; 11(7):863-70. PMID: 16519265.
        View in: PubMed
      106. Wetter SR, Delis DC, Houston WS, Jacobson MW, Lansing A, Cobell K, Salmon DP, Bondi M. Deficits in inhibition and flexibility are associated with the APOE-E4 allele in nondemented older adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2005 Nov; 27(8):943-52. PMID: 16207619.
        View in: PubMed
      107. Delis DC, Wetter SR, Jacobson MW, Peavy G, Hamilton J, Gongvatana A, Kramer JH, Bondi M, Corey-Bloom J, Salmon DP. Recall discriminability: utility of a new CVLT-II measure in the differential diagnosis of dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005 Oct; 11(6):708-15. PMID: 16248906.
        View in: PubMed
      108. Moore AB, Bondi M, Salmon DP, Murphy C. Eyeblink classical conditioning to auditory and olfactory stimuli: performance among older adults with and without the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele. Neuropsychology. 2005 Jul; 19(4):437-45. PMID: 16060818.
        View in: PubMed
      109. Bondi M. Subjective memory deterioration in elderly people is associated with future dementia. Evid Based Ment Health. 2005 May; 8(2):47. PMID: 15851810.
        View in: PubMed
      110. Bondi M, Houston WS, Eyler LT, Brown GG. fMRI evidence of compensatory mechanisms in older adults at genetic risk for Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2005 Feb 08; 64(3):501-8. PMID: 15699382; PMCID: PMC1761695.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      111. Jacobson MW, Delis DC, Bondi M, Salmon DP. Asymmetry in auditory and spatial attention span in normal elderly genetically at risk for Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2005 Feb; 27(2):240-53. PMID: 15903153; PMCID: PMC3080769.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      112. Lineweaver TT, Salmon DP, Bondi M, Corey-Bloom J. Differential effects of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease on the performance of mental rotation. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005 Jan; 11(1):30-9. PMID: 15686606.
        View in: PubMed
      113. Delis DC, Jacobson M, Bondi M, Hamilton JM, Salmon DP. The myth of testing construct validity using factor analysis or correlations with normal or mixed clinical populations: lessons from memory assessment. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2003 Sep; 9(6):936-46. PMID: 14632252.
        View in: PubMed
      114. Bondi M, Houston WS, Salmon DP, Corey-Bloom J, Katzman R, Thal LJ, Delis DC. Neuropsychological deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease in the very-old: discrepancies in raw vs. standardized scores. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2003 Jul; 9(5):783-95. PMID: 12901784; PMCID: PMC1621043.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      115. Palmer BW, Bondi M, Twamley EW, Thal L, Golshan S, Jeste DV. Are late-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders neurodegenerative conditions? Annual rates of change on two dementia measures. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2003; 15(1):45-52. PMID: 12556570.
        View in: PubMed
      116. Bondi M. Genetic and brain imaging contributions to neuropsychological functioning in preclinical dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2002 Nov; 8(7):915-7. PMID: 12405542.
        View in: PubMed
      117. Lange KL, Bondi M, Salmon DP, Galasko D, Delis DC, Thomas RG, Thal LJ. Decline in verbal memory during preclinical Alzheimer's disease: examination of the effect of APOE genotype. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2002 Nov; 8(7):943-55. PMID: 12405546; PMCID: PMC1621042.
        View in: PubMed, PubMed Central
      118. Bondi M, Serody AB, Chan AS, Eberson-Shumate SC, Delis DC, Hansen LA, Salmon DP. Cognitive and neuropathologic correlates of Stroop Color-Word Test performance in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology. 2002 Jul; 16(3):335-43. PMID: 12146681.
        View in: PubMed
      119. Jacobson MW, Delis DC, Bondi M, Salmon DP. Do neuropsychological tests detect preclinical Alzheimer's disease: individual-test versus cognitive-discrepancy score analyses. Neuropsychology. 2002 Apr; 16(2):132-9. PMID: 11949704.
        View in: PubMed
      120. Bondi M, Salmon DP, Galasko D, Thomas RG, Thal LJ. Neuropsychological function and apolipoprotein E genotype in the preclinical detection of Alzheimer's disease. Psychol Aging. 1999 Jun; 14(2):295-303. PMID: 10403716.
        View in: PubMed
      121. Bondi M, Drake AI, Grant I. Verbal learning and memory in alcohol abusers and polysubstance abusers with concurrent alcohol abuse. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1998 Jul; 4(4):319-28. PMID: 9656605.
        View in: PubMed
      Mark's Networks
      Concepts
      Derived automatically from this person's publications.
      See all (255) concept(s)
      _
      Co-Authors
      People in Profiles who have published with this person.
      See all (59) people
      _
      Similar People
      People who share similar concepts with this person.
      See all (60) people
      _
      Same Department
      Search Department
      Physical Neighbors
      People whose addresses are nearby this person.
      _