David Welsh

Title(s)Emeritus Professor, Psychiatry
SchoolVc-health Sciences-schools
Address9500 Gilman Drive #
La Jolla CA 92093
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    Biography

    Dr. Welsh earned his undergraduate degree at Stanford University, where he began a long-standing interest in circadian rhythms and sleep. In graduate work at Harvard Medical School, he discovered that individual brain cells can generate circadian rhythms. He received a Ph.D. in Neurobiology and an M.D. from Harvard in 1997, then completed a residency in general psychiatry at Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, in Pittsburgh. After two years as a postdoctoral research fellow, he joined the faculty of the UCSD Department of Psychiatry in 2003. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department, and a Staff Psychiatrist at the VA San Diego Healthcare System.

    Research Interests

    In mammals, a hierarchical system of circadian clock cells in the brain and throughout the body orchestrates daily patterns of physiology and behavior. These daily patterns persist under constant conditions as "circadian rhythms". Dr. Welsh studies circadian rhythms in single cells using bioluminescence imaging to monitor clock gene expression. He is interested in the autonomy, heterogeneity, and coupling of cellular circadian clocks, particularly the "master" clock cells of the brain, the neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. He is also interested in how defects in these mechanisms may contribute to sleep and circadian rhythm disorders in humans.

    Clinical Focus

    Dr. Welsh is a Staff Psychiatrist at the VA San Diego Healthcare System. He practices general adult psychiatry in the mood disorders clinic.

    Collapse Research 
    Collapse Research Activities and Funding
    Circadian dysfunction and Epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
    NIH RF1AG061831Feb 1, 2019 - Jan 31, 2024
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Circadian dysfunction and Epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
    NIH/NIA R01AG061831Feb 1, 2019 - Nov 30, 2023
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    Cellular Circadian Clocks in Mood Disorders
    NIH I01BX001146Jan 1, 2012 - Mar 31, 2021
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Circadian Clock Cells: Autonomy Persistence and Calcium Dependence
    NIH R01MH082945Jun 1, 2008 - Jun 28, 2013
    Role: Principal Investigator
    Circadian Clock Cells: Autonomy, Coupling, and Subtypes
    NIH K08MH067657Apr 1, 2003 - Mar 31, 2008
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse Publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Researchers can login to make corrections and additions, or contact us for help. to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Circadian modulation by time-restricted feeding rescues brain pathology and improves memory in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Metab. 2023 10 03; 35(10):1704-1721.e6. Whittaker DS, Akhmetova L, Carlin D, Romero H, Welsh DK, Colwell CS, Desplats P. PMID: 37607543; PMCID: PMC10591997.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    2. Seasonal changes in day length induce multisynaptic neurotransmitter switching to regulate hypothalamic network activity and behavior. Sci Adv. 2022 Sep 02; 8(35):eabn9867. Porcu A, Nilsson A, Booreddy S, Barnes SA, Welsh DK, Dulcis D. PMID: 36054362; PMCID: PMC10848959.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    
    3. Deletion of Six3 in post-proliferative neurons produces weakened SCN circadian output, improved metabolic function, and dwarfism in male mice. Mol Metab. 2022 03; 57:101431. Meadows JD, Breuer JA, Lavalle SN, Hirschenberger MR, Patel MM, Nguyen D, Kim A, Cassin J, Gorman MR, Welsh DK, Mellon PL, Hoffmann HM. PMID: 34974160; PMCID: PMC8810556.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    4. The transcription factors SIX3 and VAX1 are required for suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian output and fertility in female mice. J Neurosci Res. 2021 10; 99(10):2625-2645. Hoffmann HM, Meadows JD, Breuer JA, Yaw AM, Nguyen D, Tonsfeldt KJ, Chin AY, Devries BM, Trang C, Oosterhouse HJ, Lee JS, Doser JW, Gorman MR, Welsh DK, Mellon PL. PMID: 34212416; PMCID: PMC8577618.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 7     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    5. Factors associated with phosphatidylethanol (PEth) sensitivity for detecting unhealthy alcohol use: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 06; 45(6):1166-1187. Hahn JA, Murnane PM, Vittinghoff E, Muyindike WR, Emenyonu NI, Fatch R, Chamie G, Haberer JE, Francis JM, Kapiga S, Jacobson K, Myers B, Couture MC, DiClemente RJ, Brown JL, So-Armah K, Sulkowski M, Marcus GM, Woolf-King S, Cook RL, Richards VL, Molina P, Ferguson T, Welsh D, Piano MR, Phillips SA, Stewart S, Afshar M, Page K, McGinnis K, Fiellin DA, Justice AC, Bryant K, Saitz R. PMID: 33837975; PMCID: PMC8254773.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 27     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    6. Circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder patient-derived neurons predict lithium response: preliminary studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2021 07; 26(7):3383-3394. Mishra HK, Ying NM, Luis A, Wei H, Nguyen M, Nakhla T, Vandenburgh S, Alda M, Berrettini WH, Brennand KJ, Calabrese JR, Coryell WH, Frye MA, Gage FH, Gershon ES, McInnis MG, Nievergelt CM, Nurnberger JI, Shilling PD, Oedegaard KJ, Zandi PP, Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder Study, Kelsoe JR, Welsh DK, McCarthy MJ. PMID: 33674753; PMCID: PMC8418615.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    7. Collection of Mouse Brain Slices for Bioluminescence Imaging of Circadian Clock Networks. Methods Mol Biol. 2021; 2130:287-294. Evans JA, Welsh DK, Davidson AJ. PMID: 33284452.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    8. Vulnerability to helpless behavior is regulated by the circadian clock component CRYPTOCHROME in the mouse nucleus accumbens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 06 16; 117(24):13771-13782. Porcu A, Vaughan M, Nilsson A, Arimoto N, Lamia K, Welsh DK. PMID: 32487727; PMCID: PMC7306774.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    9. Effects of BMAL1 Manipulation on the Brain's Master Circadian Clock and Behavior. Yale J Biol Med. 2019 06; 92(2):251-258. Haque SN, Booreddy SR, Welsh DK. PMID: 31249486; PMCID: PMC6585533.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    10. Chronotype and cellular circadian rhythms predict the clinical response to lithium maintenance treatment in patients with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019 02; 44(3):620-628. McCarthy MJ, Wei H, Nievergelt CM, Stautland A, Maihofer AX, Welsh DK, Shilling P, Alda M, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Anand A, Andreasson OA, Balaraman Y, Berrettini WH, Bertram H, Brennand KJ, Calabrese JR, Calkin CV, Claasen A, Conroy C, Coryell WH, Craig DW, D'Arcangelo N, Demodena A, Djurovic S, Feeder S, Fisher C, Frazier N, Frye MA, Gage FH, Gao K, Garnham J, Gershon ES, Glazer K, Goes F, Goto T, Harrington G, Jakobsen P, Kamali M, Karberg E, Kelly M, Leckband SG, Lohoff F, McInnis MG, Mondimore F, Morken G, Nurnberger JI, Obral S, Oedegaard KJ, Ortiz A, Ritchey M, Ryan K, Schinagle M, Schoeyen H, Schwebel C, Shaw M, Shekhtman T, Slaney C, Stapp E, Szelinger S, Tarwater B, Zandi PP, Kelsoe JR. PMID: 30487653; PMCID: PMC6333516.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 44     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    11. Prospects for circadian treatment of mood disorders. Ann Med. 2018 12; 50(8):637-654. Hühne A, Welsh DK, Landgraf D. PMID: 30265156.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Circadian rhythm bifurcation induces flexible phase resetting by reducing circadian amplitude. Eur J Neurosci. 2020 06; 51(12):2329-2342. Noguchi T, Harrison EM, Sun J, May D, Ng A, Welsh DK, Gorman MR. PMID: 30044021.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 12  Translation:Animals
    13. Acid Suspends the Circadian Clock in Hypoxia through Inhibition of mTOR. Cell. 2018 06 28; 174(1):72-87.e32. Walton ZE, Patel CH, Brooks RC, Yu Y, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Riddle M, Porcu A, Jiang T, Ecker BL, Tameire F, Koumenis C, Weeraratna AT, Welsh DK, Gillies R, Alwine JC, Zhang L, Powell JD, Dang CV. PMID: 29861175; PMCID: PMC6398937.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 113     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    14. Long-term in vivo recording of circadian rhythms in brains of freely moving mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 04 17; 115(16):4276-4281. Mei L, Fan Y, Lv X, Welsh DK, Zhan C, Zhang EE. PMID: 29610316; PMCID: PMC5910830.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 33     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    15. Photoperiod-Induced Neuroplasticity in the Circadian System. Neural Plast. 2018; 2018:5147585. Porcu A, Riddle M, Dulcis D, Welsh DK. PMID: 29681926; PMCID: PMC5851158.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    16. Calcium Circadian Rhythmicity in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Cell Autonomy and Network Modulation. eNeuro. 2017 Jul-Aug; 4(4). Noguchi T, Leise TL, Kingsbury NJ, Diemer T, Wang LL, Henson MA, Welsh DK. PMID: 28828400; PMCID: PMC5562299.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 36     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    17. Cellular circadian oscillators in the suprachiasmatic nucleus remain coupled in the absence of connexin-36. Neuroscience. 2017 08 15; 357:1-11. Diemer T, Landgraf D, Noguchi T, Pan H, Moreno JL, Welsh DK. PMID: 28576728; PMCID: PMC5556374.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    18. Enhancing circadian clock function in cancer cells inhibits tumor growth. BMC Biol. 2017 02 14; 15(1):13. Kiessling S, Beaulieu-Laroche L, Blum ID, Landgraf D, Welsh DK, Storch KF, Labrecque N, Cermakian N. PMID: 28196531; PMCID: PMC5310078.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 84     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    19. Cardiomyocyte Circadian Oscillations Are Cell-Autonomous, Amplified by β-Adrenergic Signaling, and Synchronized in Cardiac Ventricle Tissue. PLoS One. 2016; 11(7):e0159618. Beesley S, Noguchi T, Welsh DK. PMID: 27459195; PMCID: PMC4961434.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 10     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    20. Functional Contributions of Strong and Weak Cellular Oscillators to Synchrony and Light-shifted Phase Dynamics. J Biol Rhythms. 2016 08; 31(4):337-51. Roberts L, Leise TL, Welsh DK, Holmes TC. PMID: 27221103.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    21. Disinhibition of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase restores the amplification of circadian rhythms by lithium in cells from bipolar disorder patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016 08; 26(8):1310-9. McCarthy MJ, Wei H, Landgraf D, Le Roux MJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 27216486.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 11     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    22. The mood stabilizer valproic acid opposes the effects of dopamine on circadian rhythms. Neuropharmacology. 2016 08; 107:262-270. Landgraf D, Joiner WJ, McCarthy MJ, Kiessling S, Barandas R, Young JW, Cermakian N, Welsh DK. PMID: 27033596.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    23. Genetic Disruption of Circadian Rhythms in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Causes Helplessness, Behavioral Despair, and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice. Biol Psychiatry. 2016 12 01; 80(11):827-835. Landgraf D, Long JE, Proulx CD, Barandas R, Malinow R, Welsh DK. PMID: 27113500; PMCID: PMC5102810.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 80     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    24. Erratum: Cellular Bioluminescence Imaging. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2016 Mar 01; 2016(3):pdb.err091751. Welsh DK, Noguchi T. PMID: 26933240.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    
    25. Lithium effects on circadian rhythms in fibroblasts and suprachiasmatic nucleus slices from Cry knockout mice. Neurosci Lett. 2016 Apr 21; 619:49-53. Noguchi T, Lo K, Diemer T, Welsh DK. PMID: 26930624; PMCID: PMC5139912.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    26. NPAS2 Compensates for Loss of CLOCK in Peripheral Circadian Oscillators. PLoS Genet. 2016 Feb; 12(2):e1005882. Landgraf D, Wang LL, Diemer T, Welsh DK. PMID: 26895328; PMCID: PMC4760943.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 45     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    27. Circadian Clocks as Modulators of Metabolic Comorbidity in Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015 Dec; 17(12):98. Barandas R, Landgraf D, McCarthy MJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 26483181.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 28     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Depression-like behaviour in mice is associated with disrupted circadian rhythms in nucleus accumbens and periaqueductal grey. Eur J Neurosci. 2016 05; 43(10):1309-20. Landgraf D, Long JE, Welsh DK. PMID: 26414405.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 30  Translation:Animals
    29. Calcium channel genes associated with bipolar disorder modulate lithium's amplification of circadian rhythms. Neuropharmacology. 2016 Feb; 101:439-48. McCarthy MJ, Le Roux MJ, Wei H, Beesley S, Kelsoe JR, Welsh DK. PMID: 26476274; PMCID: PMC4681663.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 21     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    30. Chronic Binge Alcohol Administration Increases Intestinal T-Cell Proliferation and Turnover in Rhesus Macaques. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Aug; 39(8):1373-9. Veazey RS, Amedee A, Wang X, Bernice Kaack M, Porretta C, Dufour J, Welsh D, Happel K, Pahar B, Molina PE, Nelson S, Bagby GJ. PMID: 26146859; PMCID: PMC4515194.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    31. Photoperiodic and circadian bifurcation theories of depression and mania. F1000Res. 2015; 4:107. Kripke DF, Elliott JA, Welsh DK, Youngstedt SD. PMID: 26180634; PMCID: PMC4490783.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 18     Fields:    
    32. Dissociation of learned helplessness and fear conditioning in mice: a mouse model of depression. PLoS One. 2015; 10(4):e0125892. Landgraf D, Long J, Der-Avakian A, Streets M, Welsh DK. PMID: 25928892; PMCID: PMC4416012.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    33. Light evokes rapid circadian network oscillator desynchrony followed by gradual phase retuning of synchrony. Curr Biol. 2015 Mar 30; 25(7):858-67. Roberts L, Leise TL, Noguchi T, Galschiodt AM, Houl JH, Welsh DK, Holmes TC. PMID: 25754644; PMCID: PMC4399721.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 35     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    34. Circadian clock and stress interactions in the molecular biology of psychiatric disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014 Oct; 16(10):483. Landgraf D, McCarthy MJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 25135782.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 68     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    35. Cell type-specific functions of period genes revealed by novel adipocyte and hepatocyte circadian clock models. PLoS Genet. 2014 Apr; 10(4):e1004244. Ramanathan C, Xu H, Khan SK, Shen Y, Gitis PJ, Welsh DK, Hogenesch JB, Liu AC. PMID: 24699442; PMCID: PMC3974647.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 47     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    36. The role of the circadian clock in animal models of mood disorders. Behav Neurosci. 2014 Jun; 128(3):344-59. Landgraf D, McCarthy MJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 24660657.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 32     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    37. Genetic and clinical factors predict lithium's effects on PER2 gene expression rhythms in cells from bipolar disorder patients. Transl Psychiatry. 2013 Oct 22; 3:e318. McCarthy MJ, Wei H, Marnoy Z, Darvish RM, McPhie DL, Cohen BM, Welsh DK. PMID: 24150227; PMCID: PMC3818008.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 61     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    38. Fibroblast PER2 circadian rhythmicity depends on cell density. J Biol Rhythms. 2013 Jun; 28(3):183-92. Noguchi T, Wang LL, Welsh DK. PMID: 23735497; PMCID: PMC3760388.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 31     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    39. Circadian clock period inversely correlates with illness severity in cells from patients with alcohol use disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013 Aug; 37(8):1304-10. McCarthy MJ, Fernandes M, Kranzler HR, Covault JM, Welsh DK. PMID: 23550834; PMCID: PMC3706548.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    40. Cry1-/- circadian rhythmicity depends on SCN intercellular coupling. J Biol Rhythms. 2012 Dec; 27(6):443-52. Evans JA, Pan H, Liu AC, Welsh DK. PMID: 23223370; PMCID: PMC3578226.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 23     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    41. Cellular circadian clocks in mood disorders. J Biol Rhythms. 2012 Oct; 27(5):339-52. McCarthy MJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 23010657.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 98     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    42. Bayesian statistical analysis of circadian oscillations in fibroblasts. J Theor Biol. 2012 Dec 07; 314:182-91. Cohen AL, Leise TL, Welsh DK. PMID: 22982138; PMCID: PMC3478438.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    43. Cellular bioluminescence imaging. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2012 Aug 01; 2012(8). Welsh DK, Noguchi T. PMID: 22854570.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 40     Fields:    
    44. Identification of small molecule activators of cryptochrome. Science. 2012 Aug 31; 337(6098):1094-7. Hirota T, Lee JW, St John PC, Sawa M, Iwaisako K, Noguchi T, Pongsawakul PY, Sonntag T, Welsh DK, Brenner DA, Doyle FJ, Schultz PG, Kay SA. PMID: 22798407; PMCID: PMC3589997.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 231     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    45. Fibroblast circadian rhythms of PER2 expression depend on membrane potential and intracellular calcium. Chronobiol Int. 2012 Jul; 29(6):653-64. Noguchi T, Wang CW, Pan H, Welsh DK. PMID: 22734566; PMCID: PMC3491983.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 20     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    46. Persistent cell-autonomous circadian oscillations in fibroblasts revealed by six-week single-cell imaging of PER2::LUC bioluminescence. PLoS One. 2012; 7(3):e33334. Leise TL, Wang CW, Gitis PJ, Welsh DK. PMID: 22479387; PMCID: PMC3315561.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 50     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    47. A survey of genomic studies supports association of circadian clock genes with bipolar disorder spectrum illnesses and lithium response. PLoS One. 2012; 7(2):e32091. McCarthy MJ, Nievergelt CM, Kelsoe JR, Welsh DK. PMID: 22384149; PMCID: PMC3285204.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 76     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    48. Functional genetic variation in the Rev-Erbα pathway and lithium response in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Genes Brain Behav. 2011 Nov; 10(8):852-61. McCarthy MJ, Nievergelt CM, Shekhtman T, Kripke DF, Welsh DK, Kelsoe JR. PMID: 21781277; PMCID: PMC3461952.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 29     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    49. Wavelet measurement suggests cause of period instability in mammalian circadian neurons. J Biol Rhythms. 2011 Aug; 26(4):353-62. Meeker K, Harang R, Webb AB, Welsh DK, Doyle FJ, Bonnet G, Herzog ED, Petzold LR. PMID: 21775294; PMCID: PMC3472003.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 17     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    50. Characterization of orderly spatiotemporal patterns of clock gene activation in mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus. Eur J Neurosci. 2011 May; 33(10):1851-65. Foley NC, Tong TY, Foley D, Lesauter J, Welsh DK, Silver R. PMID: 21488990; PMCID: PMC3423955.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 38  Translation:Animals
    51. Duplications of the neuropeptide receptor gene VIPR2 confer significant risk for schizophrenia. Nature. 2011 Mar 24; 471(7339):499-503. Vacic V, McCarthy S, Malhotra D, Murray F, Chou HH, Peoples A, Makarov V, Yoon S, Bhandari A, Corominas R, Iakoucheva LM, Krastoshevsky O, Krause V, Larach-Walters V, Welsh DK, Craig D, Kelsoe JR, Gershon ES, Leal SM, Dell Aquila M, Morris DW, Gill M, Corvin A, Insel PA, McClellan J, King MC, Karayiorgou M, Levy DL, DeLisi LE, Sebat J. PMID: 21346763; PMCID: PMC3351382.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 155     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    52. Emergence of noise-induced oscillations in the central circadian pacemaker. PLoS Biol. 2010 Oct 12; 8(10):e1000513. Ko CH, Yamada YR, Welsh DK, Buhr ED, Liu AC, Zhang EE, Ralph MR, Kay SA, Forger DB, Takahashi JS. PMID: 20967239; PMCID: PMC2953532.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 112     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    53. Suprachiasmatic nucleus: cell autonomy and network properties. Annu Rev Physiol. 2010; 72:551-77. Welsh DK, Takahashi JS, Kay SA. PMID: 20148688; PMCID: PMC3758475.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 532     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    54. Quantification of circadian rhythms in single cells. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009 Nov; 5(11):e1000580. Westermark PO, Welsh DK, Okamura H, Herzel H. PMID: 19956762; PMCID: PMC2776301.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 41     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    55. A model of the cell-autonomous mammalian circadian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jul 07; 106(27):11107-12. Mirsky HP, Liu AC, Welsh DK, Kay SA, Doyle FJ. PMID: 19549830; PMCID: PMC2699375.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 86     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    56. Expression of the circadian clock gene Period2 in the hippocampus: possible implications for synaptic plasticity and learned behaviour. ASN Neuro. 2009 Jun 10; 1(3). Wang LM, Dragich JM, Kudo T, Odom IH, Welsh DK, O'Dell TJ, Colwell CS. PMID: 19570032; PMCID: PMC2695588.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 99     Fields:    
    57. Redundant function of REV-ERBalpha and beta and non-essential role for Bmal1 cycling in transcriptional regulation of intracellular circadian rhythms. PLoS Genet. 2008 Feb 29; 4(2):e1000023. Liu AC, Tran HG, Zhang EE, Priest AA, Welsh DK, Kay SA. PMID: 18454201; PMCID: PMC2265523.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 225     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    58. Reciprocity between phase shifts and amplitude changes in the mammalian circadian clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 18; 104(51):20356-61. Pulivarthy SR, Tanaka N, Welsh DK, De Haro L, Verma IM, Panda S. PMID: 18077393; PMCID: PMC2154435.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 46     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    59. Beyond intuitive modeling: combining biophysical models with innovative experiments to move the circadian clock field forward. J Biol Rhythms. 2007 Jun; 22(3):200-10. Forger D, Gonze D, Virshup D, Welsh DK. PMID: 17517910.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    60. Intercellular coupling confers robustness against mutations in the SCN circadian clock network. Cell. 2007 May 04; 129(3):605-16. Liu AC, Welsh DK, Ko CH, Tran HG, Zhang EE, Priest AA, Buhr ED, Singer O, Meeker K, Verma IM, Doyle FJ, Takahashi JS, Kay SA. PMID: 17482552; PMCID: PMC3749832.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 341     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    61. Gate cells see the light. J Biol Rhythms. 2007 Feb; 22(1):26-8. Welsh DK. PMID: 17229922.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 1     Fields:    
    62. VIP activates and couples clock cells. Focus on "Disrupted neuronal activity rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-deficient mice". J Neurophysiol. 2007 Mar; 97(3):1885-6. Welsh DK. PMID: 17251373.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    63. Exploring spatiotemporal organization of SCN circuits. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2007; 72:527-41. Yan L, Karatsoreos I, Lesauter J, Welsh DK, Kay S, Foley D, Silver R. PMID: 18419312; PMCID: PMC3281753.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 53     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    64. Feedback repression is required for mammalian circadian clock function. Nat Genet. 2006 Mar; 38(3):312-9. Sato TK, Yamada RG, Ukai H, Baggs JE, Miraglia LJ, Kobayashi TJ, Welsh DK, Kay SA, Ueda HR, Hogenesch JB. PMID: 16474406; PMCID: PMC1994933.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 160     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    65. Bioluminescence imaging in living organisms. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2005 Feb; 16(1):73-8. Welsh DK, Kay SA. PMID: 15722018.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 55     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    66. Real-time reporting of circadian-regulated gene expression by luciferase imaging in plants and mammalian cells. Methods Enzymol. 2005; 393:269-88. Welsh DK, Imaizumi T, Kay SA. PMID: 15817294.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 49     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    67. Bioluminescence imaging of individual fibroblasts reveals persistent, independently phased circadian rhythms of clock gene expression. Curr Biol. 2004 Dec 29; 14(24):2289-95. Welsh DK, Yoo SH, Liu AC, Takahashi JS, Kay SA. PMID: 15620658; PMCID: PMC3777438.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 297     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    68. The role of chronobiology in sleep disorders medicine. Sleep Med Rev. 2003 Dec; 7(6):455-73. Monk TH, Welsh DK. PMID: 15018090.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    69. A sleep diary and questionnaire study of naturally short sleepers. J Sleep Res. 2001 Sep; 10(3):173-9. Monk TH, Buysse DJ, Welsh DK, Kennedy KS, Rose LR. PMID: 11696070.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    70. Genome-wide gene expression profiles of the developing mouse hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jul 17; 98(15):8862-7. Mody M, Cao Y, Cui Z, Tay KY, Shyong A, Shimizu E, Pham K, Schultz P, Welsh D, Tsien JZ. PMID: 11438693; PMCID: PMC37526.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 82     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    71. Gap junctions couple astrocytes but not neurons in dissociated cultures of rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain Res. 1996 Jan 08; 706(1):30-6. Welsh DK, Reppert SM. PMID: 8720489.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    72. Individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phased circadian firing rhythms. Neuron. 1995 Apr; 14(4):697-706. Welsh DK, Logothetis DE, Meister M, Reppert SM. PMID: 7718233.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 424     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    73. Lithium lengthens circadian period in a diurnal primate, Saimiri sciureus. Biol Psychiatry. 1990 Jul 15; 28(2):117-26. Welsh DK, Moore-Ede MC. PMID: 2116188.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    74. Aluminum fluoride reveals a phosphoinositide system within the suprachiasmatic region of rat hypothalamus. Brain Res. 1990 Jan 22; 507(2):181-8. Nadakavukaren JJ, Welsh DK, Reppert SM. PMID: 2159821.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions:    Fields:    Translation:Animals
    75. Effect of running wheel availability on circadian patterns of sleep and wakefulness in mice. Physiol Behav. 1988; 43(6):771-77. Welsh D, Richardson GS, Dement WC. PMID: 3237790.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 16     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    76. Effect of age on the circadian pattern of sleep and wakefulness in the mouse. J Gerontol. 1986 Sep; 41(5):579-86. Welsh DK, Richardson GS, Dement WC. PMID: 3745812.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 22     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    77. Precision of circadian wake and activity onset timing in the mouse. J Comp Physiol A. 1986 Jun; 158(6):827-34. Welsh DK, Engel EM, Richardson GS, Dement WC, Engle EM. PMID: 3735167.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 4     Fields:    Translation:Animals
    78. Regular 48-hour cycling of sleep duration and mood in a 35-year-old woman: use of lithium in time isolation. Biol Psychiatry. 1986 May; 21(5-6):527-37. Welsh DK, Nino-Murcia G, Gander PH, Keenan S, Dement WC. PMID: 3083878.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    79. A circadian rhythm of hippocampal theta activity in the mouse. Physiol Behav. 1985 Oct; 35(4):533-8. Welsh DK, Richardson GS, Dement WC. PMID: 4070426.
      View in: PubMed   Mentions: 9     Fields:    Translation:Animals
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